{"id":11793,"date":"2020-10-15T05:06:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T08:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11793"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"nobel-prize-2020-for-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/premiul-nobel-2020-pentru-medicina\/","title":{"rendered":"Premiul Nobel 2020 pentru Medicin\u0103 - Descoperirea, diagnosticarea \u0219i vindecarea hepatitei C"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen cadrul unuia dintre evenimentele \u0219tiin\u021bifice mondiale de referin\u021b\u0103 ale anului, care a avut loc la Stockholm, la 5 octombrie 2020, Premiul Nobel pentru fiziologie sau medicin\u0103 a fost acordat unui grup de virusologi \u0219i biochimi\u0219ti pentru descoperirea virusului hepatitei C. Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton \u0219i Charles Rice primesc \u00eempreun\u0103 premiul Nobel pentru descoperirea agentului cauzal \u0219i g\u0103sirea unei c\u0103i de vindecare a bolii. Membrii Adun\u0103rii Nobel de la Institutul Karolinska nu s-au putut ab\u021bine s\u0103 spun\u0103 c\u0103 aceast\u0103 descoperire reprezint\u0103 o speran\u021b\u0103 pentru eradicarea hepatitei din s\u00e2nge din lume.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen cadrul unuia dintre evenimentele \u0219tiin\u021bifice mondiale de referin\u021b\u0103 ale anului, care a avut loc la Stockholm, la 5 octombrie 2020, Premiul Nobel pentru fiziologie sau medicin\u0103 a fost acordat unui grup de virusologi \u0219i biochimi\u0219ti pentru descoperirea virusului hepatitei C. Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton \u0219i Charles Rice primesc \u00eempreun\u0103 premiul Nobel pentru descoperirea agentului cauzal \u0219i g\u0103sirea unei c\u0103i de vindecare a bolii. Membrii Adun\u0103rii Nobel de la Institutul Karolinska nu s-au putut ab\u021bine s\u0103 spun\u0103 c\u0103 aceast\u0103 descoperire reprezint\u0103 o speran\u021b\u0103 pentru eradicarea hepatitei din s\u00e2nge din lume.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ce este hepatita?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Cuv\u00e2ntul hepatit\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i are originea \u00een cuv\u00e2ntul grecesc \"Hepar\", care se refer\u0103 la ficat. Hepatita este o afec\u021biune medical\u0103 \u00een care ficatul unei persoane este inflamat fie din cauza unei intoxica\u021bii, fie a unei infec\u021bii virale. Boala hepatitei se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin icter, ciroz\u0103, febr\u0103 \u0219i m\u0103rirea \u00een volum a ficatului. Dintre agen\u021bii infec\u021bio\u0219i responsabili de hepatit\u0103, virusul hepatitei A se transmite prin ap\u0103 contaminat\u0103, \u00een timp ce virusurile B \u0219i C se transmit prin s\u00e2nge \u0219i fluide corporale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cum a fost descoperit?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Dup\u0103 descoperirea hepatitei B, Alter \u0219i echipa sa au observat mai multe infec\u021bii hepatice inexplicabile \u0219i hepatite cronice dup\u0103 transfuzii de s\u00e2nge. \u00cen studiile lor ulterioare, ace\u0219tia au dovedit dou\u0103 fapte majore: \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, agentul infec\u021bios necunoscut putea transmite boala la cimpanzeu \u0219i, \u00een al doilea r\u00e2nd, agentul infec\u021bios avea o caracteristic\u0103 de virus, dar nu ca Hepatita A sau B. Contribu\u021bia lui Alter \u00een domeniul virologiei a servit drept lumin\u0103 \u00een noaptea \u00eentunecat\u0103 \u0219i furtunoas\u0103 a cazurilor de infec\u021bii hepatice. Cu toate acestea, virusul nu a fost identificat \u0219i nu a fost caracterizat de nicio familie de virusuri \u0219i nu a fost clasificat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Contribu\u021bii pentru identificare \u0219i calea de eradicare<\/b><\/h2>\n

Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere ratele ridicate de morbiditate \u0219i mortalitate, de-a lungul anilor, cercet\u0103torii au dorit s\u0103 identifice agentul cauzal al virusului \"necunoscut\" al hepatitei \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eel caracterizeze. Dup\u0103 ce au \u00eencercat toate tehnicile tradi\u021bionale \u0219i au e\u0219uat, cu ajutorul abord\u0103rii inovatoare a lui Houghton de la Chiron pharmaceuticals, ace\u0219tia au putut identifica \u0219i clona fragmente de ADN responsabile de formarea proteinei virale. Dup\u0103 preg\u0103tirea elaborat\u0103 a bibliotecii de ADN \u0219i c\u0103utarea clonei, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, Houghton \u0219i echipa sa au reu\u0219it s\u0103 identifice similitudinea cu familia Flaviviridae \u0219i au numit virusul hepatitei C. Cercet\u0103rile lor au oferit, de asemenea, o procedur\u0103 de testare pentru a identifica agentul cauzal cu ajutorul anticorpilor care au fost identifica\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Dovada final\u0103 a faptului c\u0103 hepatita C ar putea fi singurul agent responsabil pentru infec\u021bia hepatic\u0103 a fost rezultatul unei cercet\u0103ri extinse a lui Rice de la Universitatea Washington din St. Louis. Folosind tehnologia ADN-ului recombinant, Rice \u0219i echipa sa au generat o varia\u021bie genomic\u0103 a virusului hepatitei C care nu avea secven\u021be de inactivare \u0219i au injectat-o la primate. Rezultatele au indicat c\u0103 variantele ar putea duce la boli hepatice cronice \u0219i au reflectat toate modific\u0103rile patologice. Cu toate secven\u021bele \u0219i regiunile inactivatoare nou identificate, ace\u0219tia au dat speran\u021ba de a crea agentul terapeutic potrivit \u00eempotriva virusului hepatitei C.<\/span><\/p>\n

Impactul descoperirii<\/b><\/h2>\n

Lumea a devenit un front de r\u0103zboi din cauza pandemiei COVID-19. Odat\u0103 cu descoperirea medicamentelor antivirale, cu diagnosticarea \u0219i descoperirea identific\u0103rii sale, hepatita C \u0219i realiz\u0103rile aferente reprezint\u0103 pa\u0219i remarcabili \u00een domeniul virologiei \u0219i al medicinei. Organiza\u021bia Mondial\u0103 a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii a stabilit ca obiectiv eradicarea virusului hepatitei C \u00een termen de zece ani de acum \u00eencolo. Aceste descoperiri sunt pa\u0219ii de parcurs c\u0103tre acest obiectiv. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 provoc\u0103ri care trebuie dep\u0103\u0219ite, iar un vaccin nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 realizat, dar o raz\u0103 de speran\u021b\u0103 a sosit sub forma unor regimuri de detectare \u0219i tratament pentru combaterea bolii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Echipa Mind the Graph felicit\u0103 Trio-ul de oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, universit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i grupurile lor pentru reu\u0219ita lor! Zeci de ani de cercetare \u0219i munc\u0103 asidu\u0103 au oferit omenirii o nou\u0103 cale pentru a \u00eenvinge o boal\u0103 viral\u0103 mortal\u0103.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nNobel Prize in Medicine 2020 - Diagnosis and Cure of Hepatitis C<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The recent findings in Hepatitis C have been acclaimed for the Nobel Prize in 2020 in Chemistry. 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