{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/crispr-duo-castiga-premiul-nobel-2020-pentru-chimie\/","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR DUO fur\u0103 spectacolul: Premiul Nobel 2020 pentru chimie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Precizia este marca unui om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103. F\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 lase nimic \u00een urm\u0103, Emmanuelle Charpentier \u0219i Jennifer Doudna au descoperit instrumentul revolu\u021bionar \u00een tehnologia genetic\u0103 numit CRISPR\/Cas9, \"Foarfecele genetice\". Pionierii, Emmanuelle Charpentier \u0219i Jennifer Doudna, ai acestui instrument care schimb\u0103 vie\u021bi, sunt felicita\u021bi cu Premiul Nobel pentru chimie, 2020. Inven\u021bia lor din 2012 a dus la nenum\u0103rate descoperiri \u00een domenii importante, precum cercetarea cancerului, cercetarea plantelor \u0219i g\u0103sirea de leacuri pentru bolile ereditare. Instrumentul CRISPR\/Cas9 a facilitat editarea secven\u021belor genetice \u00een loca\u021bia exact\u0103, \u00eentr-un timp mai scurt. Descoperirea lor a transformat perspectiva fa\u021b\u0103 de \u0219tiin\u021bele vie\u021bii. Este o piatr\u0103 de hotar pentru noua er\u0103 a geneticii care va aduce beneficii celor vii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ce este CRISPR\/Cas9 \u0219i cum a fost descoperit?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9 este un instrument de editare a genelor care este utilizat pentru a t\u0103ia o secven\u021b\u0103 de ADN \u00een locul exact de interes. CRISPR \u00eenseamn\u0103 \"Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats\", iar Cas9 este o enzim\u0103 care ajut\u0103 la t\u0103ierea secven\u021bei. CRISPR are dou\u0103 caracteristici principale, \u0219i anume repetitorii nucleotidici \u0219i spa\u021bierii. De obicei, \u00een CRISPR, secven\u021bele de nucleotide ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca \u0219ablon \u0219ablon pentru a transcrie un ARN complementar, care a fost denumit \u00een cele din urm\u0103 ARN CRISPR (ARN CRISPR). Emmanuelle Charpentier \u0219i Jennifer Doudna au fost primele care au descoperit ace\u0219ti distan\u021bieri \u0219i repetitori. De asemenea, ei au descoperit c\u0103 enzima Cas9, care ajuta la t\u0103ierea secven\u021bei de ADN, se lega de alte molecule de ARN. Cele dou\u0103 molecule, ARN cr \u0219i ARN cr activator trans, au ajutat Cas9 s\u0103 taie la locul \u021bint\u0103 din ADN-ul dublu catenar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Descoperirea a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 de Emmanuelle Charpentier \u00een timp ce observa mecanismul imunitar al bacteriei streptococ \u00eempotriva virusului. Faptul care a intrigat-o cel mai mult a fost modul \u00een care o molecul\u0103 de ARN g\u0103sit\u0103 \u00een bacterie avea un cod genetic foarte asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu cel al CRISPR al bacteriei. Dup\u0103 ce a analizat cele dou\u0103 secven\u021be, s-a constatat c\u0103 molecula de ARN se potrivea cu partea repetitiv\u0103 a CRISPR. \u00cen urma unor cercet\u0103ri suplimentare, ea a descoperit c\u0103 aceast\u0103 molecul\u0103 mic\u0103 de ARN a activat secven\u021ba de ARN \u00een prezen\u021ba lui Cas9. Secven\u021ba de ARN era rezultatul secven\u021bei CRISPR. Aceast\u0103 molecul\u0103 a fost numit\u0103 ARN CRISPR transactivator. Atunci c\u00e2nd o bacterie este infectat\u0103 de un virus, bacteria adaug\u0103 ADN-ul viral \u00een genomul s\u0103u \u00een regiunea CRISPR ca memorie. Acest lucru ajut\u0103 bacteria s\u0103 se fereasc\u0103 de noi infec\u021bii ulterioare. Acest ADN CRISPR este apoi copiat pentru a produce ARN CRISPR care ar trebui s\u0103 fie scindat pentru a forma ADN viral care ar ajuta la recunoa\u0219terea ADN-ului viral str\u0103in.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ulterior, Jennifer Doudna a analizat dac\u0103 acest ADN viral ar putea fi identificat cu ajutorul ARN-ului CRISPR \u0219i al moleculei enzimatice Cas9. Dup\u0103 mai multe experimente, nu l-au putut identifica \u00een continuare \u0219i \u0219i-au dat seama c\u0103 lipsea ceva. Prin urmare, data urm\u0103toare c\u00e2nd au efectuat experimentul, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 \u0219i molecula de ARN trans activator cr, care a fost descoperit\u0103 de Emmanuelle. Spre surprinderea lor, ADN-ul viral a fost identificat, ceea ce a condus la noul eon care urma s\u0103 vin\u0103.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent, CRISPR\/Cas9 a dat na\u0219tere unei noi abord\u0103ri a vie\u021bii. Acesta este utilizat \u00een diferite domenii ale \u0219tiin\u021bei. Acest instrument a fost evolutiv \u00een \u0219tiin\u021bele medicale. \u00cen prezent, cercet\u0103torii lucreaz\u0103 pentru a pune cap\u0103t tulbur\u0103rilor ereditare care au afectat cel mai mult omenirea. Un alt domeniu \u00een care acest instrument este utilizat este agricultura pentru a modifica plantele \u0219i a le face rezistente la infec\u021bii, \u00een dezvoltarea de medicamente, \u00een terapia genic\u0103 \u0219i multe altele. Cu o utilizare reglementar\u0103 \u0219i etic\u0103 a acestui instrument, omenirea poate experimenta o lume f\u0103r\u0103 limite.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Referin\u021b\u0103\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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