{"id":10456,"date":"2019-09-23T09:21:14","date_gmt":"2019-09-23T12:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=10456"},"modified":"2022-10-14T11:21:45","modified_gmt":"2022-10-14T14:21:45","slug":"immune-cell-signalling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/semnalizare-imuna-celulara\/","title":{"rendered":"Noi date \u0219tiin\u021bifice: Timpul este r\u0103spunsul pentru semnalizarea celulelor imune"},"content":{"rendered":"

Globulele albe sunt responsabile pentru ap\u0103rarea corpului nostru \u00eempotriva amenin\u021b\u0103rilor, men\u021bin\u00e2ndu-ne \u00een via\u021b\u0103. <\/span>Dar cum identific\u0103 aceste celule o amenin\u021bare? <\/span>\u00cen interiorul corpului uman, cu trilioane de celule, acestea trebuie s\u0103 fie specifice \u0219i precise. <\/span>\u00cen caz contrar, ei \u00eencep s\u0103 ne atace din interior. <\/span>Aceast\u0103 responsabilitate se bazeaz\u0103 pe ombros das c\u00e9lulas T, agen\u021bi specializa\u021bi \u00een identificarea antigenelor nocive \u0219i marcarea lor pentru a fi distruse. <\/span>Una dintre cele mai mari \u00eentreb\u0103ri cu privire la sinalizarea celulelor imune este cum se disting celulele T de propriile noastre celule s\u0103n\u0103toase \u0219i ce este d\u0103un\u0103tor pentru noi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"activarea<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00cen timpul dezvolt\u0103rii, corpul produce milioane de celule T cu diferite tipuri de receptori aleatoriu. <\/span>\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, corpul nostru nu \u0219tie exact ce ne rezerv\u0103 viitorul. <\/span>Dar exist\u0103 o problem\u0103 cu aceast\u0103 strategie. <\/span>Producem celule cu receptori care identific\u0103 peptide care apar\u021bin corpului. <\/span>\u00cen timpul dezvolt\u0103rii, elimin\u0103m majoritatea celulelor T care se refer\u0103 la aceste molecule \"proprii\". <\/span>Totu\u0219i, unele dintre ele continu\u0103 s\u0103 circule pe tot parcursul vie\u021bii, protej\u00e2nd \u00eempotriva celulelor infectate \u0219i a altora f\u0103r\u0103 a prejudicia organismul.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce \u00eempiedic\u0103 celulele T s\u0103 marcheze celulele noastre s\u0103n\u0103toase?<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Un nou articol intitulat Controle optogen\u00e9tico arat\u0103 c\u0103 o revizuire cinematografic\u0103 regleaz\u0103 activitatea receptorului de celule T aduce noi dovezi pentru aceast\u0103 problem\u0103. <\/span>Weiner, unul dintre autorii unuia dintre articole, a spus la <\/span><\/span>Revista Quanta<\/span><\/span><\/a> que \" <\/span><\/span>o celul\u0103 ar putea avea vreo modalitate de a lua diferen\u021be foarte, foarte mici \u00een durata de conectare a receptorului \u0219i de a amplifica acest lucru pentru un r\u0103spuns celular foarte mare\".<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Timpul este cheia pentru sinalizarea celulelor imune. <\/span>Substan\u021bele care se leag\u0103 de receptorii celulelor T timp de mai pu\u021bin de cinci secunde sunt considerate sigure, \u00een timp ce moleculele cu o leg\u0103tur\u0103 mai lung\u0103 trebuie distruse.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Aceast\u0103 teorie, cunoscut\u0103 ca revizuire cinematografic\u0103, nu este nou\u0103. <\/span>\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu anii '90, unii cercet\u0103tori au folosit timpul ca o cheie pentru identificare. <\/span><\/span>Totu\u0219i, testele de ipotez\u0103 au g\u0103sit corela\u021bii sugestive \u00eentre timpul de conectare \u0219i activarea celulelor T, la fel ca \u00een cazul revizuirii cinematice, dar aceste metode de testare nu reu\u0219esc s\u0103 separe efectul timpului de efectele altor factori biofizici, cum ar fi schimb\u0103rile de structur\u0103 a moleculelor \u0219i diferen\u021bele \u00een for\u021ba de leg\u0103tur\u0103. <\/span><\/span><\/em>Mai mult, cercet\u0103torii \u0219tiu c\u0103 mul\u021bi parametri poten\u021bial importan\u021bi pentru joc, pe care nu ar putea s\u0103-i m\u0103soare sau s\u0103 \u00eei ia \u00een considerare, au fost lua\u021bi \u00een considerare.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Noi date optogenice pentru sinalizarea celulelor imune<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0Optogenetica este un domeniu de cercetare care utilizeaz\u0103 lumina pentru a controla celulele. <\/span>Exist\u0103 oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 care folosesc aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 pentru a controla interac\u021biunile protein\u0103-protein\u0103 \u00een toate tipurile de studii. <\/span>\u00cen prezent, dou\u0103 echipe de cercetare folosesc aceast\u0103 tehnologie pentru a studia sinalizarea celulelor imune, una cu sediul \u00een Germania \u0219i cealalt\u0103 \u00een S\u00e3o Francisco. <\/span>\u00cen ciuda diferen\u021belor dintre aceste dou\u0103 studii, cercet\u0103torii au ob\u021binut rezultate similare: atunci c\u00e2nd un eveniment de conectare a durat mai mult de cinci secunde, o celul\u0103 T a devenit activ\u0103, dar nu a reu\u0219it s\u0103 fac\u0103 acest lucru pentru nimic mai pu\u021bin dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 acest lucru \u00eenc\u0103 nu este clar. <\/span>Dar cercet\u0103torii au o idee pentru a r\u0103spunde c\u0103: \" <\/span><\/span>Din momentul \u00een care un receptor de celul\u0103 T se leag\u0103 de o molecul\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 apar\u0103 o serie de etape biochimice ireversibile \u00eenainte ca aceasta s\u0103 fie activat\u0103. \u00cen cazul \u00een care molecula se desprinde foarte repede \u00een timpul acestei cascade de sinalizare, totul trebuie s\u0103 se recupereze \u00eenc\u0103 de la primul pas.\".\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

A\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 mereu \u00een \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, o nou\u0103 r\u0103spuns creeaz\u0103 mai multe \u00eentreb\u0103ri noi. <\/span>\u0218tim pu\u021bin mai multe dec\u00e2t \u00eenainte, dar avem \u00eenc\u0103 un univers necunoscut de explorat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"grij\u0103<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Globulele albe sunt responsabile pentru ap\u0103rarea corpului nostru \u00eempotriva amenin\u021b\u0103rilor, men\u021bin\u00e2ndu-ne \u00een via\u021b\u0103. Dar cum identific\u0103 aceste celule o amenin\u021bare? \u00cen interiorul corpului uman, care are trilioane de celule, acestea trebuie s\u0103 fie specifice \u0219i precise. \u00cen caz contrar, ele \u00eencep s\u0103 ne atace din interior. Aceast\u0103 responsabilitate se refer\u0103 la ombrografiile celulelor T, agen\u021bi specializa\u021bi \u00een [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":10461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[302,361,360,299,318,354,256],"yoast_head":"\nNew scientific data: time is the immune cell response<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"One of the biggest questions on immune cell signalling is how the T cells distinguish our own healthy cells and what is harmful for us.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/semnalizare-imuna-celulara\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New scientific data: time is the 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