{"id":8713,"date":"2019-04-18T18:07:31","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T21:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8713"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:24:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:24:00","slug":"brain-damage-pig-brains-alive-hours-death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/pt\/brain-damage-pig-brains-alive-hours-death\/","title":{"rendered":"Dano cerebral: um infogr\u00e1fico para entender o novo papel da Natureza"},"content":{"rendered":"

Os cientistas da Universidade de Yale mantiveram o c\u00e9rebro de porco vivo fora do corpo durante horas ap\u00f3s a morte. O papel Restaura\u00e7\u00e3o da circula\u00e7\u00e3o cerebral e das fun\u00e7\u00f5es celulares horas post-mortem<\/strong> explica o experimento utilizando c\u00e9rebros de porco, que pode trazer luz \u00e0 pesquisa de danos cerebrais. A revista Nature\u00a0publicado <\/a>o jornal em 17 de abril.<\/p>\n

\"Durante a maior parte da hist\u00f3ria humana, a morte foi muito simples\".<\/em> diz Christof Koch. Ele \u00e9 o presidente e cientista chefe do Allen Institute for Brain Science em Seattle, Washington. \u201cAgora, temos que questionar o que \u00e9 irrevers\u00edvel\".\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00e3o h\u00e1 nenhuma comunica\u00e7\u00e3o entre os neur\u00f4nios nestes c\u00e9rebros, portanto, n\u00e3o havia consci\u00eancia. Mas as c\u00e9lulas estavam vivas - e s\u00f3 isso \u00e9 uma descoberta muito grande.<\/p>\n

\"Anteriormente, as descobertas mostraram que, basicamente em minutos, as c\u00e9lulas passam por um processo de morte celular\".<\/em>\u00a0disse Nenad Sestan, o neurocientista de Yale que liderou a pesquisa durante uma coletiva de imprensa. \"O que estamos mostrando \u00e9 que o processo de morte celular \u00e9 um processo gradual, e alguns desses processos podem ser adiados, preservados ou at\u00e9 mesmo revertidos\".<\/em><\/p>\n

A experi\u00eancia dos danos cerebrais<\/strong><\/h3>\n

De acordo com a revista Nature, os pesquisadores testaram qu\u00e3o bem o c\u00e9rebro se saiu durante um per\u00edodo de seis horas. Eles descobriram que os neur\u00f4nios e outras c\u00e9lulas cerebrais haviam reiniciado as fun\u00e7\u00f5es metab\u00f3licas normais, como o consumo de a\u00e7\u00facar e a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de di\u00f3xido de carbono. Al\u00e9m disso, o sistema imunol\u00f3gico do c\u00e9rebro parecia estar funcionando. As estruturas das c\u00e9lulas individuais e se\u00e7\u00f5es do c\u00e9rebro foram preservadas. Em contraste, c\u00e9lulas em c\u00e9rebros de controle, que n\u00e3o recebiam a solu\u00e7\u00e3o rica em nutrientes e oxig\u00eanio, colapsaram. E quando os cientistas aplicaram eletricidade em amostras de tecidos do c\u00e9rebro tratado, eles descobriram que os neur\u00f4nios individuais ainda podiam levar um sinal.<\/p>\n

Os cientistas criaram um sistema chamado BrainEx, especialmente projetado para atenuar alguns dos processos respons\u00e1veis pela degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do tecido no c\u00e9rebro post-mortem. O sistema envolve o bombeamento de uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o chamada BEx perfusate. A solu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma mistura propriet\u00e1ria de agentes protetores, estabilizadores e de contraste, que atua como substitutos do sangue. O perfusato tamb\u00e9m cont\u00e9m produtos qu\u00edmicos que impedem a oxida\u00e7\u00e3o do tecido corporal, que impede a apoptose. Ele tamb\u00e9m cont\u00e9m um bloqueador de atividade neural, cuja finalidade \u00e9 dupla. Eles bombearam a solu\u00e7\u00e3o nas principais art\u00e9rias isoladas do c\u00e9rebro \u00e0 temperatura corporal normal.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"porcos\"<\/a>
A figura do artigo mostra como todo um c\u00e9rebro foi conectado ao dispositivo BEx. A conex\u00e3o do c\u00e9rebro su\u00edno com o sistema de perfus\u00e3o foi feita atrav\u00e9s de linhas arteriais.\u00a0<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Os pesquisadores utilizaram cerca de 300 cabe\u00e7as de porco de um matadouro do Departamento de Agricultura dos EUA. Depois de otimizar a tecnologia, a equipe conectou 32 c\u00e9rebros de porco ao sistema BrainEx. Eles fizeram a conex\u00e3o 4 horas ap\u00f3s os porcos terem sido mortos, e depois de remover os c\u00e9rebros dos cr\u00e2nios. Esta rede computadorizada de bombas, aquecedores e filtros controlava o fluxo, a temperatura e uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o propriet\u00e1ria de perfusato durante seis horas.<\/p>\n

Um infogr\u00e1fico para entender a experi\u00eancia<\/strong><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"preview_77833<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Eu criei o infogr\u00e1fico usando o Mind the Graph. Se voc\u00ea quiser usar ilustra\u00e7\u00f5es cient\u00edficas atraentes para alcan\u00e7ar mais pessoas com sua pesquisa, voc\u00ea pode usar o Gr\u00e1fico tamb\u00e9m!<\/p>\n

\"preview_250\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Os cientistas da Universidade de Yale mantiveram o c\u00e9rebro de porco vivo fora do corpo durante horas ap\u00f3s a morte. O papel Restaura\u00e7\u00e3o da circula\u00e7\u00e3o cerebral e das fun\u00e7\u00f5es celulares horas p\u00f3s-morte explica a experi\u00eancia usando c\u00e9rebros de porco, que pode trazer luz \u00e0 pesquisa de danos cerebrais. A revista Nature publicou o artigo em 17 de abril. \"Durante a maior parte da hist\u00f3ria humana, a morte foi muito simples\", [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[54,288,287,286,282,554,71,964,775,70],"yoast_head":"\nBrain damage: an infographic to understand the new Nature paper - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists from Yale University kept pig brains alive for hours after death. 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