{"id":11803,"date":"2020-10-28T09:30:35","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T11:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11803"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:09:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:09:32","slug":"rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/pt\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/","title":{"rendered":"O teste RT-PCR para Coronavirus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De muitas coisas que voc\u00ea ouviu sobre a COVID-19 em 2020, uma coisa no meio de tudo isso \u00e9 o teste usado para detectar se algu\u00e9m est\u00e1 contaminado com o v\u00edrus, o famoso teste RT-PCR ou apenas PCR.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certamente, voc\u00ea j\u00e1 ouviu falar deste teste antes, de um profissional m\u00e9dico ou no notici\u00e1rio. O teste PCR \u00e9 empregado para detectar a presen\u00e7a (ou n\u00e3o) do v\u00edrus no corpo de algu\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O teste RT-PCR n\u00e3o \u00e9 o \u00fanico que pode detectar o v\u00edrus, mas \u00e9, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os outros m\u00e9todos, o mais preciso e confi\u00e1vel. Outro teste \u00e9 o teste sorol\u00f3gico convencional que detecta n\u00edveis espec\u00edficos de anticorpos em amostras de sangue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As cartas em RT-PCR, significam <\/span><b>Transcri\u00e7\u00e3o reversa da rea\u00e7\u00e3o em cadeia da polimerase<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A tecnologia \u00e9 utilizada h\u00e1 d\u00e9cadas pelos cientistas para produzir m\u00faltiplas c\u00f3pias de material gen\u00e9tico.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em outras palavras, neste caso, mais material gen\u00e9tico do SRA-CoV-2, que s\u00e3o usados como impress\u00e3o digital para atestar a presen\u00e7a do v\u00edrus em amostras do nariz, orelhas ou saliva coletadas dos pacientes. Se houver algum v\u00edrus escondido na amostra, mesmo em pequenas quantidades, ele ser\u00e1 capaz de detectar por causa de seu ciclo de copiar-colar. \u00c9 por isso que o teste RT-PCR \u00e9 t\u00e3o confi\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>O teste<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo com basicamente duas etapas dentro do ciclo de temperatura, que faz um processo de copiar-colar de um peda\u00e7o de material gen\u00e9tico, sejam DNAs ou RNAs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O teste requer um <\/span><b>m\u00e1quina de termociclagem<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> que tem um <\/span><b>controle de temperatura e tempo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Atrav\u00e9s de m\u00faltiplos ciclos de temperatura, o material gen\u00e9tico viral aumentar\u00e1. Um exemplo de um ciclo de temperatura \u00e9 mostrado a seguir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/polymerase-chain-reaction-steps.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11804 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/polymerase-chain-reaction-steps.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"567\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/polymerase-chain-reaction-steps.png 567w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/polymerase-chain-reaction-steps-300x207.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O m\u00e9todo requer duas enzimas principais, a Transcriptase Reversa (por isso o \"RT\" no t\u00edtulo) e a DNA-polimerase. Cada uma delas tem uma fase de a\u00e7\u00e3o e uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o. Na figura acima, a fase amarela do ciclo \u00e9 quando o RT age, e a fase vermelha \u00e9 quando a DNA-polimerase faz seu trabalho.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A primeira enzima faz a fita de DNA complementar do v\u00edrus RNA, permitindo que a segunda enzima realize o trabalho de copy-paste da nova fita de DNA, aumentando a quantidade de material gen\u00e9tico presente. Esta amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o torna poss\u00edvel caracterizar e\/ou manipular o material gen\u00e9tico, quando em uma quantidade menor n\u00e3o seria poss\u00edvel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dna-polyemrase.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11806 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dna-polyemrase.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dna-polyemrase.png 375w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dna-polyemrase-300x123.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para todo este processo, as enzimas precisam da ajuda de uma mol\u00e9cula pequena (ou grande) chamada PRIMER. A fun\u00e7\u00e3o do primer \u00e9 indicar o local onde a enzima deve come\u00e7ar a estender os fios, sem ele o processo de copiar-polar da DNA-polimerase n\u00e3o come\u00e7ar\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A cartilha pode ser escolhida com uma forma aleat\u00f3ria ou espec\u00edfica. \u00c9 muito importante conhecer o mapa gen\u00e9tico do v\u00edrus em casos como este, para que primes espec\u00edficos possam ser usados para aumentar a efici\u00eancia e a confiabilidade dos resultados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se voc\u00ea est\u00e1 curioso como n\u00f3s e gostaria de saber mais detalhes sobre o RT-PCR, voc\u00ea pode verificar mais detalhes\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14667534\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> este artigo cient\u00edfico <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aqui mesmo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 mas em ess\u00eancia aqui est\u00e1 tudo o que \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio para fazer o teste:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Material gen\u00e9tico viral, o RNA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/viral-genetic-material-the-rna.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11808 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/viral-genetic-material-the-rna.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"370\" height=\"157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/viral-genetic-material-the-rna.png 370w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/viral-genetic-material-the-rna-300x127.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Transcriptase reversa e enzimas DNA-polimerase<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/reverse-transcriptase-and-dna-polymerase-enzymes.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11809 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/reverse-transcriptase-and-dna-polymerase-enzymes.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"143\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>PRIMERS<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/primers.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11810 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/primers.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"177\" height=\"94\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Trifosfatos nucle\u00f3sidos<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nucleoside-triphosphates.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11811\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nucleoside-triphosphates.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"188\" height=\"70\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>E Corantes Rep\u00f3rteres Fluorescentes:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para conhecer os resultados de uma amostra que pode ou n\u00e3o estar contaminada com o v\u00edrus COVID-19, o ensaio de corantes fluorescentes de rep\u00f3rter \u00e9 usado em combina\u00e7\u00e3o com o teste RT-PCR. O ensaio \u00e9 baseado na presen\u00e7a ou n\u00e3o de um sinal fluorescente de uma amostra. Na aus\u00eancia de um sinal, o teste pode ser conclu\u00eddo como negativo ou falso-negativo. Na presen\u00e7a de um sinal intenso, pode ser conclu\u00eddo n\u00e3o apenas positivo para a presen\u00e7a de v\u00edrus, mas tamb\u00e9m como uma doen\u00e7a em est\u00e1gio avan\u00e7ado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Misture todos os ingredientes e coloque-os na m\u00e1quina de termociclo.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A primeira etapa do teste \u00e9 mostrada no infogr\u00e1fico a seguir. A enzima RT faz a primeira c\u00f3pia do material gen\u00e9tico do v\u00edrus presente na amostra. A seguir, voc\u00ea v\u00ea a segunda etapa do m\u00e9todo RT-PCR. O primer indica a posi\u00e7\u00e3o inicial e a DNA-polimerase atrav\u00e9s da rea\u00e7\u00e3o enzim\u00e1tica come\u00e7a a estender os fios de DNA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11812 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\" alt=\"O teste RT-PCR para Coronavirus\" width=\"512\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png 512w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine-300x88.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/01-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11813 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/01-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"472\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/01-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png 472w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/01-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine-300x244.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11814 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"466\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png 466w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine-300x234.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finalmente, esta imagem \u00e9 uma imagem de micrografia eletr\u00f4nica do v\u00edrus SARS-CoV-2, e \u00e9 poss\u00edvel ver perfeitamente a estrutura do v\u00edrus. N\u00e3o \u00e9 lindo?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O teste \u00e9 complexo e n\u00e3o \u00e9 t\u00e3o simples quanto parece, mas aposto que com os infogr\u00e1ficos foi muito mais f\u00e1cil entender o grande quadro de como ele funciona, certo?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voc\u00ea pode fazer isso com qualquer informa\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica que quiser usando\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mind the Graph<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A plataforma est\u00e1 aqui para lhe dar autonomia para melhor comunicar informa\u00e7\u00f5es cient\u00edficas. Saiba mais sobre como usar a plataforma e se voc\u00ea precisar de alguma ajuda, entre em contato conosco<\/span><b>!<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Refer\u00eancia<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI, T. et al. Correla\u00e7\u00e3o de CT do t\u00f3rax e RT-PCR Teste para Doen\u00e7a de Coronav\u00edrus 2019 (COVID-19) na China: Um relat\u00f3rio de 1014 casos. Radiologia, v. 296, n. 2, p. E32-E40, 26 fev. 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GIBELLINI, D. et al. Detec\u00e7\u00e3o quantitativa da carga viral do v\u00edrus da imunodefici\u00eancia humana tipo 1 (HIV-1) pela t\u00e9cnica RT-PCR verde em tempo real SYBR em pacientes soropositivos HIV-1. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 115, n. 2, p. 183-189, 1 fev. 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JAMES, D. Um protocolo simples e confi\u00e1vel para a detec\u00e7\u00e3o do v\u00edrus de grooving de caule de ma\u00e7\u00e3 por RT-PCR e em um ensaio de PCR multiplex. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 83, n. 1, p. 1-9, 1 dez. 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LI, Y. et al. Problemas de estabilidade dos testes RT-PCR do SRA-CoV-2 para pacientes hospitalizados diagnosticados clinicamente com COVID-19. Journal of Medical Virology, v. 92, n. 7, p. 903-908, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LIAO, C.-S. et al. Sistema RT-PCR miniatura para diagn\u00f3stico de v\u00edrus baseados em RNA. Nucleic Acids Research, v. 33, n. 18, p. e156-e156, 1 out. 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MOHAN, A. et al. Preval\u00eancia de infec\u00e7\u00e3o viral detectada por PCR e RT-PCR em pacientes com exacerba\u00e7\u00e3o aguda da DPOC: Uma revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica. Respirologia, v. 15, n. 3, p. 536-542, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NOLAN, T.; HANDS, R. E.; BUSTIN, S. A. Quantifica\u00e7\u00e3o do mRNA usando RT-PCR em tempo real. Nature Protocols, v. 1, n. 3, p. 1559-1582, ago. 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 | This transmission electron mi... | Flickr. Dispon\u00edvel em: . Acesso em: 23 jul. 2020. <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[388,799,554,798,250],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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