{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/pt\/crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-quimica\/","title":{"rendered":"O CRISPR DUO Rouba o Show: Pr\u00eamio Nobel 2020 de Qu\u00edmica"},"content":{"rendered":"

Precis\u00e3o \u00e9 a marca registrada de um cientista. N\u00e3o deixando pedras por virar, Emmanuelle Charpentier e Jennifer Doudna descobriram a revolucion\u00e1ria ferramenta na tecnologia gen\u00e9tica chamada CRISPR\/Cas9, \"The Genetic Scissors\". Os pioneiros, Emmanuelle Charpentier e Jennifer Doudna, desta ferramenta de mudan\u00e7a de vida est\u00e3o sendo felicitados com o Pr\u00eamio Nobel de Qu\u00edmica, 2020. Sua inven\u00e7\u00e3o em 2012 levou a in\u00fameras descobertas em campos importantes como a pesquisa do c\u00e2ncer, a pesquisa de plantas e a descoberta de curas para doen\u00e7as heredit\u00e1rias. A ferramenta CRISPR\/Cas9 facilitou a edi\u00e7\u00e3o das seq\u00fc\u00eancias gen\u00e9ticas no local exato em menos tempo. Sua descoberta transformou a perspectiva para as ci\u00eancias da vida. \u00c9 um trampolim para a nova era da gen\u00e9tica que beneficiar\u00e1 os vivos.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

O que \u00e9 CRISPR\/Cas9 e como foi descoberto?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9 \u00e9 uma ferramenta de edi\u00e7\u00e3o de genes que \u00e9 usada para cortar uma seq\u00fc\u00eancia de DNA no local exato de interesse. CRISPR significa \"Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats\" e Cas9 \u00e9 uma enzima que ajuda a cortar a seq\u00fc\u00eancia. O CRISPR tem duas caracter\u00edsticas principais que s\u00e3o os repetidores de nucleot\u00eddeos e os espa\u00e7adores. Normalmente, no CRISPR, as seq\u00fc\u00eancias de nucleot\u00eddeos, atuam como uma cadeia de modelos para transcrever um RNA complementar, que acabou sendo chamado de CRISPR RNA (cr RNA). Emmanuelle Charpentier e Jennifer Doudna foram as primeiras a descobrir sobre estes espa\u00e7adores e repetidores. Elas tamb\u00e9m descobriram que a enzima Cas9 que ajudava no corte da seq\u00fc\u00eancia de DNA era ligada a outra mol\u00e9cula de RNA. As duas mol\u00e9culas, RNA cr e RNA trans ativando cr, ajudaram o Cas9 a cortar no local alvo do DNA duplamente encalhado.<\/span><\/p>\n

A descoberta foi feita por Emmanuelle Charpentier enquanto observava o mecanismo imunol\u00f3gico da bact\u00e9ria streptococcus contra o v\u00edrus. O fato que mais a intrigou foi como uma mol\u00e9cula de RNA encontrada na bact\u00e9ria tinha um c\u00f3digo gen\u00e9tico muito semelhante ao CRISPR da bact\u00e9ria. Ap\u00f3s analisar as duas seq\u00fc\u00eancias, descobriu-se que a mol\u00e9cula de RNA combinava com a parte repetitiva do CRISPR. Em pesquisas posteriores, ela descobriu que esta pequena mol\u00e9cula de RNA ativou a seq\u00fc\u00eancia de RNA na presen\u00e7a do Cas9. A seq\u00fc\u00eancia de RNA foi o resultado da seq\u00fc\u00eancia de CRISPR. Esta mol\u00e9cula foi chamada de RNA trans ativador de CRISPR. Quando uma bact\u00e9ria \u00e9 infectada por um v\u00edrus, a bact\u00e9ria adiciona o DNA viral em seu genoma na regi\u00e3o de CRISPR como uma mem\u00f3ria. Isto ajuda a bact\u00e9ria a evitar novas infec\u00e7\u00f5es. Este DNA CRISPR \u00e9 ent\u00e3o copiado para fazer o CRISPR RNA que supostamente deve ser clivado para formar o DNA viral que ajudaria no reconhecimento do DNA viral estrangeiro.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Mais tarde, Jennifer Doudna analisou se este DNA viral poderia ser identificado usando o RNA CRISPR e a mol\u00e9cula da enzima Cas9. Ap\u00f3s v\u00e1rias experi\u00eancias, eles ainda n\u00e3o conseguiram identific\u00e1-lo e perceberam que faltava algo. Assim, da pr\u00f3xima vez que conduziram o experimento, a mol\u00e9cula de RNA trans ativadora que foi descoberta por Emmanuelle, tamb\u00e9m foi adicionada. Para surpresa deles, o DNA viral foi identificado, levando ao novo aeon que viria.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoje o CRISPR\/Cas9 despertou uma nova abordagem para a vida. Ele est\u00e1 sendo usado em v\u00e1rios campos da ci\u00eancia. Esta ferramenta tem sido evolucion\u00e1ria nas ci\u00eancias m\u00e9dicas. Hoje os pesquisadores est\u00e3o trabalhando para acabar com as desordens heredit\u00e1rias que mais afetaram a humanidade. O outro campo onde esta ferramenta est\u00e1 sendo utilizada \u00e9 a agricultura para modificar a planta em resistente a infec\u00e7\u00f5es, no desenvolvimento de medicamentos, na terapia gen\u00e9tica e muito mais. Com um uso regulat\u00f3rio e \u00e9tico desta ferramenta, a humanidade pode experimentar um mundo sem limites.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Refer\u00eancia\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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