{"id":8936,"date":"2019-05-22T17:56:36","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T20:56:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8936"},"modified":"2022-10-18T11:41:07","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T14:41:07","slug":"ocean-acidification-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/pl\/konsekwencje-zakwaszenia-oceanow\/","title":{"rendered":"Konsekwencje zakwaszenia ocean\u00f3w dla zwierz\u0105t morskich"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dwutlenek w\u0119gla jest gazem powszechnie wyst\u0119puj\u0105cym w atmosferze. W normalnych warunkach ziemski cykl w\u0119glowy utrzymuje naturaln\u0105 r\u00f3wnowag\u0119 w\u0119gla w atmosferze, l\u0105dzie i oceanie poprzez \"oddychanie planety\". Jednak dzia\u0142ania cz\u0142owieka, takie jak emisja paliw kopalnych, naruszaj\u0105 r\u00f3wnowag\u0119 cyklu w\u0119glowego, powoduj\u0105c zmiany klimatu, zwi\u0119kszaj\u0105c efekt cieplarniany i zakwaszenie ocean\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak wi\u0119c, aby zrozumie\u0107 konsekwencje zakwaszenia ocean\u00f3w, nale\u017cy najpierw podsumowa\u0107 cykl w\u0119glowy. Pisa\u0142em o tym tutaj1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Efekt cieplarniany umo\u017cliwia \u017cycie na Ziemi poprzez zatrzymywanie ciep\u0142a w atmosferze, ogrzewaj\u0105c planet\u0119. Pokaza\u0142em, jak to dzia\u0142a tutaj1<\/sup>. Jednak pomimo jego znaczenia, rosn\u0105ca ilo\u015b\u0107 dwutlenku w\u0119gla sprawi\u0142a, \u017ce sta\u0142o si\u0119 to problemem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednak nie ca\u0142y nadmiar dwutlenku w\u0119gla pozostaje w atmosferze. Naukowcy szacuj\u0105, \u017ce oceany poch\u0142on\u0119\u0142y jedn\u0105 trzeci\u0105 ca\u0142ego dwutlenku w\u0119gla wytworzonego w wyniku dzia\u0142alno\u015bci cz\u0142owieka. Usuwanie dwutlenku w\u0119gla z atmosfery przez ocean pomaga op\u00f3\u017ani\u0107 zakres zmian klimatycznych. Korzy\u015bci te maj\u0105 jednak swoj\u0105 cen\u0119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zacznij korzysta\u0107 z Mind The Graph ju\u017c teraz za darmo!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dwutlenek w\u0119gla i chemia oceanu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po rozpuszczeniu w wodzie morskiej CO2 reaguje z wod\u0105 (H2O), tworz\u0105c kwas w\u0119glowy: H2CO3: CO2 + H2O \u2194 H2CO3. Kwas w\u0119glowy szybko rozpuszcza si\u0119, tworz\u0105c jony H+ (kwas) i wodorow\u0119glan, HCO3- (zasada). Woda morska jest naturalnie nasycona inn\u0105 zasad\u0105, jonem w\u0119glanowym (CO3-2), kt\u00f3ry dzia\u0142a jak \u015brodek zoboj\u0119tniaj\u0105cy kwas, neutralizuj\u0105c H+, tworz\u0105c wi\u0119cej wodorow\u0119glanu. Reakcja netto wygl\u0105da nast\u0119puj\u0105co: CO2 + H2O + CO3-2\u2192 2HCO3-<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"zakwaszenie<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Poch\u0142anianie dwutlenku w\u0119gla zasadniczo zmienia sk\u0142ad chemiczny oceanu, wyzwalaj\u0105c reakcje, kt\u00f3re sprawiaj\u0105, \u017ce woda morska staje si\u0119 bardziej kwa\u015bna, co jest zjawiskiem zwanym zakwaszeniem ocean\u00f3w. W rzeczywisto\u015bci ocean sta\u0142 si\u0119 o prawie 30 procent bardziej kwa\u015bny ni\u017c na pocz\u0105tku ery przemys\u0142owej. Jest to zmiana wi\u0119ksza i szybsza ni\u017c obserwowana w zapisie kopalnym si\u0119gaj\u0105cym co najmniej 800 000 lat wstecz, przed pojawieniem si\u0119 kr\u0119gowc\u00f3w i ro\u015blin w zapisie kopalnym.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"zakwaszenie<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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Tworzenie efektywnych figur naukowych w kilka minut<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Jak zakwaszenie ocean\u00f3w wp\u0142ynie na \u017cycie morskie, takie jak ryby, koralowce i skorupiaki?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Wraz ze wzrostem st\u0119\u017cenia jon\u00f3w wodorowych woda staje si\u0119 bardziej kwa\u015bna. Poza tym jony w\u0119glanowe staj\u0105 si\u0119 mniej obfite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niekt\u00f3re z dodatkowych jon\u00f3w wodorowych reaguj\u0105 z jonami w\u0119glanowymi, tworz\u0105c wi\u0119cej wodorow\u0119glanu. W miar\u0119 zmniejszania si\u0119 ilo\u015bci w\u0119glan\u00f3w, organizmy te, takie jak koralowce i ma\u0142\u017ce, maj\u0105 wi\u0119ksze trudno\u015bci z budow\u0105 i utrzymaniem swoich muszli i szkielet\u00f3w. Zwi\u0119kszona kwasowo\u015b\u0107 mo\u017ce nawet powodowa\u0107 rozpuszczanie si\u0119 niekt\u00f3rych w\u0119glanowych muszli i szkielet\u00f3w. Jony wodoru reaguj\u0105 ze sta\u0142ym w\u0119glanem wapnia i przekszta\u0142caj\u0105 go w rozpuszczalny wodorow\u0119glan i jony wapnia.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

W\u015br\u00f3d mieszanki male\u0144kich ro\u015blin i zwierz\u0105t tworz\u0105cych plankton \u017cyje male\u0144ki \u015blimak morski zwany pteropodem. Pomimo niewielkich rozmiar\u00f3w, pteropody s\u0105 wa\u017cnym \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em po\u017cywienia dla wielu gatunk\u00f3w, w tym ryb, fok i wieloryb\u00f3w. Pteropody maj\u0105 jednak delikatne muszle z w\u0119glanu wapnia, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 wra\u017cliwe na zakwaszenie ocean\u00f3w. W serii eksperyment\u00f3w muszle pteropod\u00f3w umieszczono w wodzie morskiej o pH (kwasowo\u015bci) przewidywanym dla Oceanu Po\u0142udniowego do 2100 roku. W ci\u0105gu 48 godzin muszle pteropod\u00f3w zacz\u0119\u0142y si\u0119 rozpuszcza\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Uzyskaj widoczno\u015b\u0107 dzi\u0119ki Mind The Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Wizualizacja bada\u0144<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zasoby wizualne, takie jak infografiki i filmy wideo, to skuteczny spos\u00f3b przekazywania wiedzy naukowej. Stworzy\u0142em wszystkie te infografiki za pomoc\u0105 Mind the graph, platformy internetowej, kt\u00f3ra pozwala naukowcom tworzy\u0107 przyci\u0105gaj\u0105ce wzrok materia\u0142y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Cykl w\u0119glowy i efekt cieplarniany - infografika naukowa.<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Dwutlenek w\u0119gla jest gazem powszechnie wyst\u0119puj\u0105cym w atmosferze. Normalnie, ziemski cykl w\u0119glowy utrzymuje naturaln\u0105 r\u00f3wnowag\u0119 w\u0119gla w atmosferze, l\u0105dzie i oceanie poprzez \"oddychanie planety\". Jednak dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 cz\u0142owieka, taka jak emisja paliw kopalnych, narusza r\u00f3wnowag\u0119 cyklu w\u0119glowego, powoduj\u0105c zmiany klimatu, zwi\u0119kszaj\u0105c efekt cieplarniany [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8959,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[66,958],"tags":[219,51,299,311,310,554],"yoast_head":"\nConsequences of ocean acidification on marine animals - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists estimate that the oceans absorbed one-third of all the carbon dioxide produced by human activities causing ocean acidification\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/pl\/konsekwencje-zakwaszenia-oceanow\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Consequences of ocean acidification on marine animals - 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