{"id":8713,"date":"2019-04-18T18:07:31","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T21:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8713"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:24:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:24:00","slug":"brain-damage-pig-brains-alive-hours-death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/pl\/uszkodzenie-mozgu-swinia-mozg-zyje-godziny-smierci\/","title":{"rendered":"Uszkodzenie m\u00f3zgu: infografika u\u0142atwiaj\u0105ca zrozumienie nowego artyku\u0142u Nature"},"content":{"rendered":"

Naukowcy z Uniwersytetu Yale utrzymywali m\u00f3zgi \u015bwi\u0144 przy \u017cyciu poza cia\u0142em przez wiele godzin po \u015bmierci. Artyku\u0142 Przywr\u00f3cenie kr\u0105\u017cenia m\u00f3zgowego i funkcji kom\u00f3rkowych kilka godzin po \u015bmierci<\/strong> Wyja\u015bnia eksperyment z wykorzystaniem \u015bwi\u0144skich m\u00f3zg\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017ce rzuci\u0107 \u015bwiat\u0142o na badania nad uszkodzeniami m\u00f3zgu. Magazyn Nature\u00a0opublikowany <\/a>w dniu 17 kwietnia.<\/p>\n

\"Przez wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 historii ludzko\u015bci \u015bmier\u0107 by\u0142a bardzo prosta\".<\/em> m\u00f3wi Christof Koch. Jest on prezesem i g\u0142\u00f3wnym naukowcem Allen Institute for Brain Science w Seattle w stanie Waszyngton. \"Teraz musimy zakwestionowa\u0107 to, co jest nieodwracalne\".\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Nie ma \u017cadnej komunikacji mi\u0119dzy neuronami w tych m\u00f3zgach, wi\u0119c nie by\u0142o \u015bwiadomo\u015bci. Ale kom\u00f3rki by\u0142y \u017cywe - i ju\u017c samo to jest bardzo du\u017cym odkryciem.<\/p>\n

\"Wcze\u015bniejsze odkrycia wykaza\u0142y, \u017ce w ci\u0105gu kilku minut kom\u00f3rki przechodz\u0105 proces \u015bmierci kom\u00f3rkowej\".<\/em>\u00a0powiedzia\u0142 Nenad Sestan, neuronaukowiec z Yale, kt\u00f3ry kierowa\u0142 badaniami podczas konferencji prasowej. \"Pokazujemy, \u017ce proces \u015bmierci kom\u00f3rek jest stopniowy i etapowy, a niekt\u00f3re z tych proces\u00f3w mo\u017cna op\u00f3\u017ani\u0107, zachowa\u0107, a nawet odwr\u00f3ci\u0107\".<\/em><\/p>\n

Eksperyment z uszkodzeniem m\u00f3zgu<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Wed\u0142ug Nature Magazine, naukowcy sprawdzili, jak dobrze radzi\u0142y sobie m\u00f3zgi w ci\u0105gu sze\u015bciu godzin. Okaza\u0142o si\u0119, \u017ce neurony i inne kom\u00f3rki m\u00f3zgowe wznowi\u0142y normalne funkcje metaboliczne, takie jak spo\u017cywanie cukru i wytwarzanie dwutlenku w\u0119gla. R\u00f3wnie\u017c uk\u0142ad odporno\u015bciowy m\u00f3zgu wydawa\u0142 si\u0119 dzia\u0142a\u0107. Struktury poszczeg\u00f3lnych kom\u00f3rek i cz\u0119\u015bci m\u00f3zgu zosta\u0142y zachowane. W przeciwie\u0144stwie do tego, kom\u00f3rki w kontrolnych m\u00f3zgach, kt\u00f3re nie otrzyma\u0142y bogatego w sk\u0142adniki od\u017cywcze i tlen roztworu, rozpad\u0142y si\u0119. A kiedy naukowcy zastosowali elektryczno\u015b\u0107 do pr\u00f3bek tkanek z leczonych m\u00f3zg\u00f3w, odkryli, \u017ce poszczeg\u00f3lne neurony mog\u0105 nadal przenosi\u0107 sygna\u0142.<\/p>\n

Naukowcy stworzyli system o nazwie BrainEx, specjalnie zaprojektowany w celu os\u0142abienia niekt\u00f3rych proces\u00f3w odpowiedzialnych za degradacj\u0119 tkanki w po\u015bmiertnych m\u00f3zgach. System obejmuje pompowanie roztworu o nazwie BEx perfusate. Roztw\u00f3r ten jest opatentowan\u0105 mieszank\u0105 \u015brodk\u00f3w ochronnych, stabilizuj\u0105cych i kontrastowych, kt\u00f3re dzia\u0142aj\u0105 jako substytuty krwi. Perfuzat zawiera r\u00f3wnie\u017c substancje chemiczne, kt\u00f3re zatrzymuj\u0105 utlenianie tkanki cia\u0142a, co zatrzymuje apoptoz\u0119. Zawiera r\u00f3wnie\u017c bloker aktywno\u015bci neuronalnej, kt\u00f3rego cel jest dwojaki. Pompowano roztw\u00f3r do g\u0142\u00f3wnych t\u0119tnic izolowanego m\u00f3zgu w normalnej temperaturze cia\u0142a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\u015bwinie\"<\/a>
Rysunek przedstawia spos\u00f3b pod\u0142\u0105czenia ca\u0142ego m\u00f3zgu do urz\u0105dzenia BEx. Po\u0142\u0105czenie m\u00f3zgu \u015bwini z systemem perfuzji zosta\u0142o wykonane za pomoc\u0105 linii t\u0119tniczych.\u00a0<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Naukowcy wykorzystali oko\u0142o 300 \u015bwi\u0144skich g\u0142\u00f3w z ubojni Departamentu Rolnictwa Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych. Po zoptymalizowaniu technologii, zesp\u00f3\u0142 pod\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 32 \u015bwi\u0144skie m\u00f3zgi do systemu BrainEx. Pod\u0142\u0105czenia dokonano 4 godziny po zabiciu \u015bwi\u0144 i po usuni\u0119ciu m\u00f3zg\u00f3w z czaszek. Ta skomputeryzowana sie\u0107 pomp, grzejnik\u00f3w i filtr\u00f3w kontrolowa\u0142a przep\u0142yw, temperatur\u0119 i zastrze\u017cony roztw\u00f3r perfuzatu przez sze\u015b\u0107 godzin.<\/p>\n

Infografika u\u0142atwiaj\u0105ca zrozumienie eksperymentu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"preview_77833<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Infografik\u0119 stworzy\u0142em przy u\u017cyciu Mind the Graph. Je\u015bli chcesz wykorzysta\u0107 atrakcyjne ilustracje naukowe, aby dotrze\u0107 ze swoimi badaniami do wi\u0119kszej liczby os\u00f3b, mo\u017cesz r\u00f3wnie\u017c skorzysta\u0107 z mind the Graph!<\/p>\n

\"preview_250\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Naukowcy z Uniwersytetu Yale utrzymywali m\u00f3zgi \u015bwi\u0144 przy \u017cyciu poza cia\u0142em przez wiele godzin po \u015bmierci. Artyku\u0142 Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours post-mortem wyja\u015bnia eksperyment z wykorzystaniem \u015bwi\u0144skich m\u00f3zg\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017ce rzuci\u0107 \u015bwiat\u0142o na badania nad uszkodzeniami m\u00f3zgu. Magazyn Nature opublikowa\u0142 artyku\u0142 17 kwietnia. \"Przez wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 historii ludzko\u015bci \u015bmier\u0107 by\u0142a bardzo prosta\", [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[54,288,287,286,282,554,71,964,775,70],"yoast_head":"\nBrain damage: an infographic to understand the new Nature paper - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists from Yale University kept pig brains alive for hours after death. 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