{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/pl\/crispr-duo-wygrywa-nagrode-nobla-2020-dla-chemii\/","title":{"rendered":"DUO CRISPR kradnie show: Nagroda Nobla 2020 w dziedzinie chemii"},"content":{"rendered":"

Precyzja to znak rozpoznawczy naukowc\u00f3w. Emmanuelle Charpentier i Jennifer Doudna odkry\u0142y rewolucyjne narz\u0119dzie w technologii genowej o nazwie CRISPR\/Cas9, \"no\u017cyczki genetyczne\". Pionierki tego zmieniaj\u0105cego \u017cycie narz\u0119dzia, Emmanuelle Charpentier i Jennifer Doudna, zosta\u0142y uhonorowane Nagrod\u0105 Nobla w dziedzinie chemii w 2020 roku. Ich wynalazek w 2012 roku doprowadzi\u0142 do niezliczonych odkry\u0107 w wa\u017cnych dziedzinach, takich jak badania nad rakiem, badania nad ro\u015blinami i znalezienie lekarstw na choroby dziedziczne. Narz\u0119dzie CRISPR\/Cas9 u\u0142atwi\u0142o edycj\u0119 sekwencji genetycznych w dok\u0142adnym miejscu w kr\u00f3tszym czasie. Ich odkrycie zmieni\u0142o spojrzenie na nauki przyrodnicze. Jest to kamie\u0144 milowy dla nowej ery w genetyce, kt\u00f3ra przyniesie korzy\u015bci \u017cyj\u0105cym.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Czym jest CRISPR\/Cas9 i jak zosta\u0142 odkryty?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9 to narz\u0119dzie do edycji gen\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re s\u0142u\u017cy do wycinania sekwencji DNA w dok\u0142adnie wybranym miejscu. CRISPR to skr\u00f3t od Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, a Cas9 to enzym, kt\u00f3ry pomaga w wycinaniu sekwencji. CRISPR ma dwie g\u0142\u00f3wne cechy, kt\u00f3rymi s\u0105 powt\u00f3rzenia nukleotyd\u00f3w i odst\u0119py. Zwykle w CRISPR sekwencje nukleotydowe dzia\u0142aj\u0105 jak ni\u0107 szablonowa do transkrypcji komplementarnego RNA, kt\u00f3re ostatecznie nazwano CRISPR RNA (cr RNA). Emmanuelle Charpentier i Jennifer Doudna by\u0142y pierwszymi, kt\u00f3re odkry\u0142y te odst\u0119py i powt\u00f3rzenia. Odkryli r\u00f3wnie\u017c, \u017ce enzym Cas9, kt\u00f3ry pomaga\u0142 w ci\u0119ciu sekwencji DNA, wi\u0105za\u0142 si\u0119 z innymi cz\u0105steczkami RNA. Te dwie cz\u0105steczki, cr RNA i transaktywuj\u0105cy cr RNA, pomaga\u0142y Cas9 w ci\u0119ciu w docelowym miejscu dwuniciowego DNA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odkrycia dokona\u0142a Emmanuelle Charpentier, obserwuj\u0105c mechanizm odporno\u015bciowy bakterii paciorkowca przeciwko wirusowi. Najbardziej zaintrygowa\u0142 j\u0105 fakt, \u017ce cz\u0105steczka RNA znaleziona w bakterii mia\u0142a bardzo podobny kod genetyczny do CRISPR bakterii. Po przeanalizowaniu obu sekwencji stwierdzono, \u017ce cz\u0105steczka RNA pasowa\u0142a do powtarzaj\u0105cej si\u0119 cz\u0119\u015bci CRISPR. Dalsze badania wykaza\u0142y, \u017ce ta ma\u0142a cz\u0105steczka RNA aktywowa\u0142a sekwencj\u0119 RNA w obecno\u015bci Cas9. Sekwencja RNA by\u0142a wynikiem sekwencji CRISPR. Cz\u0105steczk\u0119 t\u0119 nazwano transaktywuj\u0105cym RNA CRISPR. Kiedy bakteria zostaje zainfekowana wirusem, dodaje wirusowe DNA do swojego genomu w regionie CRISPR jako pami\u0119\u0107. Pomaga to bakterii przed kolejnymi infekcjami. To DNA CRISPR jest nast\u0119pnie kopiowane w celu utworzenia RNA CRISPR, kt\u00f3re ma zosta\u0107 rozszczepione w celu utworzenia wirusowego DNA, kt\u00f3re pomog\u0142oby w rozpoznaniu obcego wirusowego DNA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u00f3\u017aniej Jennifer Doudna przeanalizowa\u0142a, czy to wirusowe DNA mo\u017cna zidentyfikowa\u0107 za pomoc\u0105 RNA CRISPR i cz\u0105steczki enzymu Cas9. Po kilku eksperymentach nadal nie mogli go zidentyfikowa\u0107 i zdali sobie spraw\u0119, \u017ce czego\u015b brakuje. Dlatego nast\u0119pnym razem, gdy przeprowadzili eksperyment, dodano r\u00f3wnie\u017c transaktywuj\u0105c\u0105 cz\u0105steczk\u0119 cr RNA, kt\u00f3ra zosta\u0142a odkryta przez Emmanuelle. Ku ich zaskoczeniu, uda\u0142o si\u0119 zidentyfikowa\u0107 wirusowe DNA, co doprowadzi\u0142o do powstania nowej ery.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Obecnie CRISPR\/Cas9 zapocz\u0105tkowa\u0142 nowe podej\u015bcie do \u017cycia. Jest wykorzystywany w r\u00f3\u017cnych dziedzinach nauki. Narz\u0119dzie to przesz\u0142o ewolucj\u0119 w naukach medycznych. Obecnie naukowcy pracuj\u0105 nad wyeliminowaniem dziedzicznych zaburze\u0144, kt\u00f3re najbardziej dotkn\u0119\u0142y ludzko\u015b\u0107. Inn\u0105 dziedzin\u0105, w kt\u00f3rej narz\u0119dzie to jest wykorzystywane, jest rolnictwo w celu modyfikacji ro\u015blin na odporne na infekcje, w opracowywaniu lek\u00f3w, w terapii genowej i wielu innych. Dzi\u0119ki regulacyjnemu i etycznemu wykorzystaniu tego narz\u0119dzia ludzko\u015b\u0107 mo\u017ce do\u015bwiadczy\u0107 nieograniczonego \u015bwiata.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Odniesienie\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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