{"id":13066,"date":"2021-06-29T15:10:49","date_gmt":"2021-06-29T18:10:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=13066"},"modified":"2023-01-05T13:09:00","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T16:09:00","slug":"ayahuasca-history-and-compounds-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/nb\/ayahuasca-historie-og-analyse-av-forbindelser\/","title":{"rendered":"Ayahuasca: Historie og analyse av forbindelser"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the last few years, the interest in what is the psychoactive tea Ayahuasca has been largely growing. The scientific community and the general public had been discovering the tea due to its apparent benefits for psychiatric disorders.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayahuasca har vist seg \u00e5 ha antidepressive, angstdempende og vanedannende effekter hos de som drikker drikken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Being traditionally used in religious rituals by amazon indigenous in the north region of Brazil, the beverage has become popular and used in different parts of the world, even outside the religious context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Det er imidlertid sv\u00e6rt f\u00e5 som kjenner historien bak denne infusjonsteen og hvordan den lages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Sjekk ut <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/app\/illustrations\">Mind the Graph-galleriet<\/a> for alle illustrasjoner som er brukt i dette innlegget. Klikk p\u00e5 bildet nedenfor!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/app\/illustrations?search=chemical%20substances,%20ayahuasca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"567\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/qd9bF6cZibwVnoReAM5iNH_OJT-Fq8oHkel9vZdqyWqUYNH_A6feUuGwnSuZBUfOTlhRiwV7ZI86_675kuDbpmHQR2AdLS4vrMSkFOvNEGXTvRbvjiF6EryAiGL7k_Ybzxjr0d-y\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayahuasca-historien begynner \u00e5 bli skrevet i 1851, da den engelske&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Botanist\">botaniker<\/a> utforskeren Richard Spruce skrev om ulike stammers bruk av den samme blandingen av planter i S\u00f8r-Amerika, som ble kjent som ayahuasca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Mestere av drikken bekrefter likevel at ayahuasca ble brukt lenge f\u00f8r 1851, 2 000 \u00e5r f.Kr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andinske urfolk som bor i forskjellige land i S\u00f8r-Amerika, som Peru, Bolivia, Argentina og Chile. Quechua-talere forklarer at navnet Ayahuasca betyr \u00e5nd, forfader (aya-) og vinranke (-huasca). Med andre ord, \u00e5ndenes vinranke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I tillegg ble det bare i S\u00f8r-Amerika identifisert 72 urfolksstammer som bruker ayahuasca i ulike kulturelle sammenhenger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I hver sammenheng f\u00e5r teen et annet navn, for eksempel: yap\u00e9, caapi, natema, pind\u00e9, kahi, mihi, d\u00e1pa, bejuco de oro, gullranke og sjelens vinranke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Teen er laget av to planter fra Amazonas. Barken og stilkene fra <em>Banisteriopsis caapi<\/em> arter og de <em>Psychotria viridis <\/em>blader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Det organiske materialet gjennomg\u00e5r en lang dekokt for \u00e5 trekke ut alle \u00f8nskelige stoffer. Fra&nbsp; <em>B. caapi<\/em> bark og stengler utvinnes tre viktige alkaloider som kalles <strong>harmin<\/strong>, <strong>harmalin<\/strong>, og <strong>tetrahydroharmin<\/strong>. This chemical substance contains a tricyclic structure known as \u03b2-carboline alkaloids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I mellomtiden, fra <em>P. viridis<\/em> bladene, utvinnes det ber\u00f8mte psykoaktive alkaloidet kjent som <strong>DMT,<\/strong> et kortnavn for <strong>N,N-dimetyltryptamin<\/strong>. Alle disse alkaloide stoffene er ansvarlige for ayahuasca-effektene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">I religionen og i urfolkskulturer har ayahuasca en betydning som en magisk berusende te med guddommelig opprinnelse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inntaket beskrives som at sjelen l\u00f8srives fra sitt kroppslige fangenskap for en tid og vender tilbake fullastet med hellig kunnskap. I tillegg tar den sikte p\u00e5 \u00e5 kurere kropp, sjel og sinn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Er ogs\u00e5 et symbol p\u00e5 religi\u00f8s hengivenhet, i religi\u00f8se ritualer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selv om den psykoaktive substansen i ayahuasca, DMT, er forbudt globalt fra 1971 og frem til i dag i henhold til den internasjonale konvensjonen om psykotrope stoffer, har brasilianske myndigheter siden 1989 kun tillatt bruk og inntak av drikken i religi\u00f8s sammenheng og rituell praksis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dette kan ha bidratt til at praksisen spredte seg og vokste mange forskjellige steder i verden. F\u00f8rst p\u00e5 midten av 1930-tallet hadde for eksempel religi\u00f8se grupper som Santo Daime utviklet seg som en selvstendig religi\u00f8s identitet som integrerte teen.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Due to the better quality of life experienced by psychiatric patients with depression, anxiety, and addiction problems after drinking the beverage, researchers have been conducting studies to take a close look inside Ayahuasca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For \u00e5 finne ut om teen er trygg \u00e5 drikke regelmessig, har forskere gjennomf\u00f8rt studier av ayahuascaens sammensetning og stoffkonsentrasjon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Forskerne understreket ogs\u00e5 at et plantebasert preparat kan variere fra sted til sted og fra kultur til kultur. Og det kan p\u00e5virke sammensetningen, utseendet, smaken og til og med effekten. Det gj\u00f8r det vanskelig \u00e5 fastsl\u00e5 om alle Ayahuasca-preparater er trygge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12011-020-02226-4\"> studie publisert i 2020 gjorde en kvantitativ og kvalitativ analyse av makro- og mikrokomponenter i 19 ayahuasca-pr\u00f8ver, brukt i religi\u00f8se grupper i Brasil.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research reached the concentrations of micro and macro inorganic elements present on those samples, aiming to find out if it is truly safe to consume the beverage regularly or at once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00f8vene som ble analysert, inneholdt kalsium, magnesium, kalium, fosfor, mangan, sink, aluminium og jern. Alle konsentrasjonene var innenfor de anbefalte grenseverdiene per dag. Studien klassifiserte teen som trygg for konsum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/preview-340939-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"878\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/preview-340939-1-1024x878.png\" alt=\" Ayahuasca-infografikk laget i Mind the Graph\" class=\"wp-image-13069\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/preview-340939-1-1024x878.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/preview-340939-1-300x257.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/preview-340939-1-768x658.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/preview-340939-1-1536x1317.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/preview-340939-1-2048x1755.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>En annen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02791072.2020.1815911?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true\">studie publisert i Journal of Psychoactive Drugs i 2020,<\/a> hadde ogs\u00e5 som m\u00e5l \u00e5 analysere og sammenligne stoffene i ayahuasca-pr\u00f8ver fra ulike steder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stoffene DMT, tetrahydroharmin og harmin var til stede i pr\u00f8vene i varierende konsentrasjoner. Generelt fulgte konsentrasjonsrekkef\u00f8lgen: Konsentrasjonen av harmin og tetrahydroharmin var h\u00f8yere enn DMT, og DMT-konsentrasjonen var h\u00f8yere enn harmin. Konsentrasjonen av harmin og tetrahydroharmin var henholdsvis 1318 mg\/L og 995 mg\/L. Konsentrasjonen av DMT og harmalin var henholdsvis 764 mg\/L og 85 mg\/L.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Forskere befinner seg fortsatt i begynnelsen av arbeidet med \u00e5 forst\u00e5 denne plantebaserte teinfusjonen, kalt ayahuasca. Selv om den har v\u00e6rt brukt i mange \u00e5r, er det f\u00f8rst n\u00e5 at studier viser drikkevarens sikkerhetsprofil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Inntak av ayahuasca utvikler ikke psykologiske, nevropsykologiske, psykiatriske eller fysiske sykdommer, og det anses som rimelig trygt \u00e5 innta ayahuasca. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apart from that, discussions and interesting data about the DMT molecule are making scientists look directly at this molecule alone, but this is a topic for another post.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Referanser<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8596116\/\">GROB, C. et al. Human Psychopharmacology of Hoasca, A Plant Hallucinogen Used in Ritual Context in Brazil. <strong>Tidsskrift for nerv\u00f8se og mentale sykdommer<\/strong>, v. 184, s. 86-94, 1. mars. 1996<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32504397\/\">GUIMAR\u00c3ES, I. C.; T\u00d3FOLI, L. F.; SUSSULINI, A. Bestemmelse av den element\u00e6re sammensetningen av Ayahuasca og vurderinger ang\u00e5ende forbrukersikkerhet. <strong>Forskning p\u00e5 biologiske sporstoffer<\/strong>, v. 199, nr. 3, s. 1179-1184, 1 mar. 2021.&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2666915321000251\">SARRIS, J. et al. Ayahuasca-bruk og rapporterte effekter p\u00e5 depresjons- og angstsymptomer: En internasjonal tverrsnittsstudie av 11 912 forbrukere. <strong>Journal of Affective Disorders Rapporter<\/strong>, v. 4, s. 100098, 1 abr. 2021.&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/mana\/a\/LsSHhNnxtCswpPWk4vVgGNs\/?lang=pt\">SHANON, B. Os conte\u00fados das vis\u00f5es da ayahuasca. <strong>Mana<\/strong>, v. 9, nr. 2, s. 109-152, ut. 2003.&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In case you did know, besides infographics, graphical abstracts, and presentations, you can also create charts in the Mind the Graph platform. Yes yes, you read right!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Learn now how you can add a chart to your work in a video tutorial by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vks4vD98isQ&amp;ab_channel=MindtheGraph\">ved \u00e5 klikke her<\/a>. Deretter kan du starte ditt vitenskapelige designprosjekt ved \u00e5 klikke p\u00e5<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/app\/auth\/register\"> her<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De siste \u00e5rene har interessen for den psykoaktive teen Ayahuasca v\u00e6rt sterkt \u00f8kende. Det vitenskapelige milj\u00f8et og allmennheten har f\u00e5tt \u00f8ynene opp for teen p\u00e5 grunn av dens tilsynelatende fordeler ved psykiske lidelser.  Ayahuasca har vist seg \u00e5 ha antidepressive, angstdempende og vanedannende effekter hos dem som drikker drikken. [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":13068,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66,959,958,28],"tags":[96,51,554,964,775],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ayahuasca: History and Compounds Analysis - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The interest in what is Ayahuasca, and its compounds has been growing due to its apparent benefits. 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