{"id":28012,"date":"2023-05-24T10:07:19","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T13:07:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=28012"},"modified":"2023-05-24T10:07:21","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T13:07:21","slug":"sampling-bias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/paraugu-nemsanas-novirze\/","title":{"rendered":"Probl\u0113ma, ko sauc par izlases novirzi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Neatkar\u012bgi no izmantot\u0101s metodolo\u0123ijas vai p\u0113t\u0101m\u0101s discipl\u012bnas p\u0113tniekiem ir j\u0101nodro\u0161ina, ka vi\u0146i izmanto reprezentat\u012bvas izlases, kas atspogu\u013co p\u0113t\u0101m\u0101s popul\u0101cijas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. \u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 tiks apl\u016bkots izlases novirzes j\u0113dziens, t\u0101s da\u017e\u0101die veidi un piem\u0113ro\u0161anas veidi, k\u0101 ar\u012b lab\u0101k\u0101 prakse, lai mazin\u0101tu t\u0101s ietekmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kas ir izlases novirze?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Paraugu atlases novirze ir situ\u0101cija, kad da\u017ei indiv\u012bdi vai grupas popul\u0101cij\u0101 ir bie\u017e\u0101k iek\u013cauti izlas\u0113 nek\u0101 citi, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di veidojot neobjekt\u012bvu vai nereprezentat\u012bvu izlasi. Tas var notikt da\u017e\u0101du iemeslu d\u0113\u013c, piem\u0113ram, nejau\u0161as izlases metodes, pa\u0161izv\u0113les novirze vai p\u0113tnieka novirze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, izlases novirze var mazin\u0101t p\u0113t\u012bjuma rezult\u0101tu der\u012bgumu un visp\u0101rin\u0101m\u012bbu, jo izlase tiek izkrop\u013cota par labu noteikt\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m vai perspekt\u012bv\u0101m, kas var neb\u016bt reprezentat\u012bvas attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz liel\u0101ku popul\u0101ciju.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ide\u0101l\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 visi aptaujas dal\u012bbnieki ir j\u0101izv\u0113las nejau\u0161\u0101 veid\u0101. Tom\u0113r praks\u0113 var b\u016bt gr\u016bti veikt nejau\u0161u dal\u012bbnieku atlasi t\u0101du ierobe\u017eojumu d\u0113\u013c k\u0101 izmaksas un respondentu pieejam\u012bba. Pat tad, ja neveicat nejau\u0161u datu v\u0101k\u0161anu, ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi apzin\u0101ties iesp\u0113jam\u0101s novirzes, kas var\u0113tu b\u016bt sastopamas j\u016bsu datos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Da\u017ei piem\u0113ri, kas liecina par izlases novirzi, ir \u0161\u0101di:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgo aizspriedumi<\/strong>: Dal\u012bbniekiem, kuri br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgi piedal\u0101s p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101, var b\u016bt at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas nek\u0101 tiem, kuri br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgi nepiedal\u0101s, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di veidojot nereprezentat\u012bvu izlasi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Neizlases izlases veida atlase<\/strong>: Ja p\u0113tnieks atlasa dal\u012bbniekus tikai no noteikt\u0101m viet\u0101m vai atlasa dal\u012bbniekus ar noteikt\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, tas var rad\u012bt neobjekt\u012bvu izlasi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Izdz\u012bvo\u0161anas tendence<\/strong>: Tas notiek tad, ja izlas\u0113 ir tikai tie indiv\u012bdi, kuri ir izdz\u012bvoju\u0161i vai guvu\u0161i pan\u0101kumus konkr\u0113t\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101, bet nav iek\u013cauti tie, kuri nav izdz\u012bvoju\u0161i vai nav guvu\u0161i pan\u0101kumus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0112rta paraugu \u0146em\u0161ana<\/strong>: \u0160is izlases veids ietver t\u0101du dal\u012bbnieku atlasi, kuri ir viegli pieejami, piem\u0113ram, tie, kuri atrodas tuvum\u0101, vai tie, kuri atbild uz tie\u0161saistes aptaujas jaut\u0101jumiem, kas var neatspogu\u013cot liel\u0101ku popul\u0101ciju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Apstiprin\u0101juma neobjektivit\u0101te<\/strong>: P\u0113tnieki neapzin\u0101ti vai apzin\u0101ti var izv\u0113l\u0113ties dal\u012bbniekus, kas atbalsta vi\u0146u hipot\u0113zi vai p\u0113t\u012bjuma jaut\u0101jumu, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di ieg\u016bstot neobjekt\u012bvus rezult\u0101tus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hovortna efekts<\/strong>: Dal\u012bbnieki var main\u012bt savu uzved\u012bbu vai atbildes, ja vi\u0146i zina, ka tiek p\u0113t\u012bti vai nov\u0113roti, un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di ieg\u016btie rezult\u0101ti nav reprezentat\u012bvi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Ja apzin\u0101ties \u0161os novirzes veidus, varat tos \u0146emt v\u0113r\u0101 anal\u012bz\u0113, lai veiktu novir\u017eu korekciju un lab\u0101k izprastu, k\u0101du popul\u0101ciju j\u016bsu dati reprezent\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paraugu atlases neobjektivit\u0101tes veidi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Atlases neobjektivit\u0101te<\/strong>: rodas, ja izlase nav reprezentat\u012bva attiec\u012bb\u0101 pret popul\u0101ciju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u0113r\u012bjumu novirze<\/strong>: rodas, ja sav\u0101ktie dati ir neprec\u012bzi vai nepiln\u012bgi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zi\u0146o\u0161anas neobjektivit\u0101te<\/strong>: rodas, ja respondenti sniedz neprec\u012bzu vai nepiln\u012bgu inform\u0101ciju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Neatbildes novirze<\/strong>: rodas tad, ja da\u017ei iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju grupas locek\u013ci neatbild uz aptaujas jaut\u0101jumiem, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di veidojot nereprezentat\u012bvu izlasi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paraugu atlases neobjektivit\u0101tes c\u0113lo\u0146i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0112rta paraugu \u0146em\u0161ana<\/strong>: izlases izv\u0113le, pamatojoties uz \u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m, nevis izmantojot zin\u0101tnisku metodi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pa\u0161izv\u0113les tendence<\/strong>: aptauj\u0101 ir iek\u013cauti tikai tie, kas br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgi piedal\u0101s aptauj\u0101, kas var neb\u016bt reprezentat\u012bvs iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju \u012bpatsvars.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Paraugu atlases r\u0101mja novirze<\/strong>: ja izlases parauga atlasei izmantotais izlases kopums nav reprezentat\u012bvs attiec\u012bb\u0101 pret popul\u0101ciju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Izdz\u012bvo\u0161anas novirze<\/strong>: ja piedal\u0101s tikai da\u017ei iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju grupas locek\u013ci, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 veidojas nereprezentat\u012bva izlase. Piem\u0113ram, ja p\u0113tnieki aptauj\u0101 tikai dz\u012bvus cilv\u0113kus, vi\u0146i var nesa\u0146emt inform\u0101ciju no cilv\u0113kiem, kas miru\u0161i pirms p\u0113t\u012bjuma veik\u0161anas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Izlases neobjektivit\u0101te zin\u0101\u0161anu tr\u016bkuma d\u0113\u013c<\/strong>: neatz\u012bstot main\u012bguma avotus, kas var rad\u012bt neobjekt\u012bvus nov\u0113rt\u0113jumus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Paraugu atlases novirze, ko rada k\u013c\u016bdas parauga administr\u0113\u0161an\u0101<\/strong>: neizmanto atbilsto\u0161u vai labi funkcion\u0113jo\u0161u izlases sist\u0113mu vai atsak\u0101s piedal\u012bties p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 izlase tiek atlas\u012bta neobjekt\u012bvi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paraugu atlases neobjektivit\u0101te kl\u012bniskajos p\u0113t\u012bjumos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kl\u012bniskie p\u0113t\u012bjumi tiek veikti, lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu jaunas \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas vai medikamentu efektivit\u0101ti konkr\u0113t\u0101 popul\u0101cij\u0101. Tie ir b\u016btiska z\u0101\u013cu izstr\u0101des procesa da\u013ca un nosaka, vai \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana ir dro\u0161a un efekt\u012bva, pirms t\u0101 non\u0101k pla\u0161\u0101k\u0101 sabiedr\u012bb\u0101. Tom\u0113r ar\u012b kl\u012bniskie p\u0113t\u012bjumi ir pak\u013cauti atlases tendenc\u0113m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atlases novirze rodas tad, ja p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 izmantot\u0101 izlase nav reprezentat\u012bva attiec\u012bb\u0101 pret reprezent\u0113jamo popul\u0101ciju. Kl\u012bniskajos p\u0113t\u012bjumos atlases novirze var rasties, ja dal\u012bbnieki tiek selekt\u012bvi izraudz\u012bti dal\u012bbai p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 vai tiek atlas\u012bti pa\u0161i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pie\u0146emsim, ka farm\u0101cijas uz\u0146\u0113mums veic kl\u012bnisku p\u0113t\u012bjumu, lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu jauna v\u0113\u017ea \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ca efektivit\u0101ti. Uz\u0146\u0113mums nolemj veikt p\u0113t\u012bjuma dal\u012bbnieku atlasi, izmantojot sludin\u0101jumus slimn\u012bc\u0101s, kl\u012bnik\u0101s un v\u0113\u017ea atbalsta grup\u0101s, k\u0101 ar\u012b tie\u0161saistes pieteikumus. Tom\u0113r izlase, ko vi\u0146i v\u0101c, var b\u016bt tendencioza attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz tiem, kuri ir vair\u0101k motiv\u0113ti piedal\u012bties p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 vai kuriem ir noteikta veida v\u0113zis. Tas var apgr\u016btin\u0101t p\u0113t\u012bjuma rezult\u0101tu attiecin\u0101\u0161anu uz pla\u0161\u0101ku popul\u0101ciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lai kl\u012bniskajos p\u0113t\u012bjumos samazin\u0101tu atlases neobjektivit\u0101ti, p\u0113tniekiem j\u0101ievie\u0161 stingri iek\u013cau\u0161anas un izsl\u0113g\u0161anas krit\u0113riji un nejau\u0161as atlases procesi. Tas nodro\u0161in\u0101s, ka p\u0113t\u012bjumam atlas\u012bt\u0101 dal\u012bbnieku izlase ir reprezentat\u012bva attiec\u012bb\u0101 pret liel\u0101ku popul\u0101ciju, l\u012bdz minimumam samazinot jebk\u0101du sav\u0101kto datu neobjektivit\u0101ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Probl\u0113mas, ko rada izlases novirze<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Izlases novirze ir problem\u0101tiska, jo ir iesp\u0113jams, ka izlas\u0113 apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101t\u0101 statistika ir sistem\u0101tiski k\u013c\u016bdaina. Tas var novest pie sistem\u0101tiska attiec\u012bg\u0101 popul\u0101cijas parametra p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u0113juma vai nepietiekama nov\u0113rt\u0113juma. T\u0101 rodas praks\u0113, jo praktiski nav iesp\u0113jams nodro\u0161in\u0101t piln\u012bgu nejau\u0161\u012bbu izlases veido\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ja nepareizas reprezent\u0101cijas pak\u0101pe ir neliela, tad izlasi var uzskat\u012bt par pamatotu tuvin\u0101jumu nejau\u0161ajai izlasei. Turkl\u0101t, ja izlase iev\u0113rojami neat\u0161\u0137iras m\u0113r\u0101maj\u0101 daudzum\u0101, tad neobjekt\u012bva izlase joproj\u0101m var b\u016bt pamatots nov\u0113rt\u0113jums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lai gan da\u017eas personas var apzin\u0101ti izmantot neobjekt\u012bvu izlasi, lai ieg\u016btu maldino\u0161us rezult\u0101tus, bie\u017e\u0101k neobjekt\u012bva izlase ir vienk\u0101r\u0161i atspogu\u013cojums gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m ieg\u016bt patiesi reprezentat\u012bvu izlasi vai ar\u012b neobjektivit\u0101tes nezin\u0101\u0161anai m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas vai anal\u012bzes proces\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ekstrapol\u0101cija: \u0101rpus diapazona<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Statistik\u0101 par ekstrapol\u0101ciju sauc secin\u0101jumu izdar\u012b\u0161anu par kaut ko, kas ir \u0101rpus datu diapazona. Viens no ekstrapol\u0101cijas veidiem ir secin\u0101jumu izdar\u012b\u0161ana no neobjekt\u012bvas izlases: t\u0101 k\u0101 izlases metode sistem\u0101tiski izsl\u0113dz noteiktas apl\u016bkojam\u0101s popul\u0101cijas da\u013cas, secin\u0101jumi attiecas tikai uz izlas\u0113 iek\u013cauto apak\u0161popul\u0101ciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ekstrapol\u0101cija notiek ar\u012b tad, ja, piem\u0113ram, secin\u0101jums, kas balst\u012bts uz universit\u0101tes studentu izlasi, tiek attiecin\u0101ts uz gados vec\u0101kiem pieaugu\u0161ajiem vai pieaugu\u0161ajiem ar tikai asto\u0146u kla\u0161u izgl\u012bt\u012bbu. Ekstrapol\u0101cija ir bie\u017ei sastopama k\u013c\u016bda, piem\u0113rojot vai interpret\u0113jot statistiku. Da\u017ereiz, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 gr\u016bt\u012bbas vai neiesp\u0113jam\u012bbu ieg\u016bt labus datus, ekstrapol\u0101cija ir lab\u0101kais, ko m\u0113s varam dar\u012bt, bet t\u0101 vienm\u0113r ir j\u0101uztver ar vismaz nelielu s\u0101ls graudu - un bie\u017ei vien ar lielu nenoteikt\u012bbas devu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">No zin\u0101tnes par pseidozin\u0101tni<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sampling_bias\">K\u0101 min\u0113ts Wikipedia<\/a>, piem\u0113rs tam, k\u0101 var past\u0101v\u0113t aizspriedumain\u012bba, ir pla\u0161i izplat\u012bt\u0101 koeficienta (paz\u012bstama ar\u012b k\u0101 reizes izmai\u0146as) k\u0101 biolo\u0123isk\u0101s at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas m\u0113rvien\u012bbas izmanto\u0161ana. T\u0101 k\u0101 ir viegl\u0101k pan\u0101kt lielu attiec\u012bbu ar diviem maziem skait\u013ciem ar noteiktu starp\u012bbu un sal\u012bdzino\u0161i gr\u016bt\u0101k pan\u0101kt lielu attiec\u012bbu ar diviem lieliem skait\u013ciem ar liel\u0101ku starp\u012bbu, sal\u012bdzinot sal\u012bdzino\u0161i lielus skaitliskos m\u0113r\u012bjumus, var tikt nepaman\u012btas lielas b\u016btiskas at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Da\u017ei to d\u0113v\u0113 par \"demark\u0101cijas novirzi\", jo, izmantojot attiec\u012bbu (dal\u012b\u0161anu), nevis starp\u012bbu (at\u0146em\u0161anu), anal\u012bzes rezult\u0101ti no zin\u0101tnes k\u013c\u016bst par pseidozin\u0101tni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Da\u017e\u0101s izlas\u0113s izmanto neobjekt\u012bvu statistisko pl\u0101nojumu, kas tom\u0113r \u013cauj nov\u0113rt\u0113t parametrus. Piem\u0113ram, ASV Nacion\u0101lais vesel\u012bbas statistikas centrs daudzos valsts m\u0113roga apsekojumos apzin\u0101ti veido p\u0101r\u0101k lielas minorit\u0101\u0161u iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju izlases, lai ieg\u016btu pietiekamu precizit\u0101ti \u0161o grupu apl\u0113s\u0113m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160ajos apsekojumos ir j\u0101izmanto izlases sv\u0113rumi, lai ieg\u016btu pareizus nov\u0113rt\u0113jumus vis\u0101s etniskaj\u0101s grup\u0101s. Ja tiek iev\u0113roti konkr\u0113ti nosac\u012bjumi (galvenok\u0101rt, ka svari ir pareizi apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ti un izmantoti), \u0161\u012bs izlases \u013cauj prec\u012bzi nov\u0113rt\u0113t popul\u0101cijas parametrus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">paraugprakses parauga atlases neobjektivit\u0101tes mazin\u0101\u0161anai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu, ka ieg\u016btie dati prec\u012bzi atspogu\u013co p\u0113t\u0101mo popul\u0101ciju, ir b\u016btiski izv\u0113l\u0113ties piem\u0113rotu izlases metodi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Nejau\u0161\u0101s izlases metodes<\/strong>: Izmantojot nejau\u0161as izlases metodes, palielin\u0101s varb\u016bt\u012bba, ka izlase ir reprezentat\u012bva attiec\u012bb\u0101 pret popul\u0101ciju. \u0160is pa\u0146\u0113miens pal\u012bdz nodro\u0161in\u0101t, ka izlase ir p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas reprezentat\u012bv\u0101ka par attiec\u012bgo popul\u0101ciju, un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di ir maz\u0101ka varb\u016bt\u012bba, ka taj\u0101 b\u016bs neobjektivit\u0101te.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Parauga lieluma apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: Izlases lielums j\u0101apr\u0113\u0137ina t\u0101, lai b\u016btu pieejama pietiekama jauda statistiski noz\u012bm\u012bgu hipot\u0113\u017eu p\u0101rbaudei. Jo liel\u0101ka ir izlase, jo lab\u0101ka ir popul\u0101cijas reprezentativit\u0101te.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tenden\u010du anal\u012bze<\/strong>: Alternat\u012bvu datu avotu mekl\u0113\u0161ana un nov\u0113roto tenden\u010du anal\u012bze datos, kas var b\u016bt neizv\u0113l\u0113ti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Neobjektivit\u0101tes p\u0101rbaude<\/strong>: J\u0101uzrauga neobjektivit\u0101tes gad\u012bjumi, lai identific\u0113tu sistem\u0101tisku konkr\u0113tu datu punktu izsl\u0113g\u0161anu vai p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgu iek\u013cau\u0161anu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0145emiet v\u0113r\u0101 paraugus<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Veicot p\u0113t\u012bjumu, b\u016btisks apsv\u0113rums ir izlases novirze. Neatkar\u012bgi no izmantot\u0101s metodolo\u0123ijas vai p\u0113t\u0101m\u0101s discipl\u012bnas p\u0113tniekiem ir j\u0101nodro\u0161ina, ka vi\u0146i izmanto reprezentat\u012bvas izlases, kas atspogu\u013co p\u0113t\u0101m\u0101s popul\u0101cijas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Veidojot p\u0113t\u012bjumus, ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi piev\u0113rst lielu uzman\u012bbu izlases atlases procesam, k\u0101 ar\u012b metodolo\u0123ijai, kas izmantota, lai sav\u0101ktu izlases datus. Lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu, ka p\u0113t\u012bjumu rezult\u0101ti ir der\u012bgi un uzticami, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di palielinot to ietekmi uz politiku un praksi, j\u0101izmanto t\u0101da paraugprakse k\u0101 nejau\u0161as izlases metodes, izlases lieluma apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161ana, tenden\u010du anal\u012bze un neobjektivit\u0101tes p\u0101rbaude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pievilc\u012bgas zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s infografikas da\u017eu min\u016b\u0161u laik\u0101<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\">Mind the Graph<\/a> ir jaud\u012bgs tie\u0161saistes r\u012bks zin\u0101tniekiem, kuriem nepiecie\u0161ams izveidot augstas kvalit\u0101tes zin\u0101tnisko grafiku un ilustr\u0101cijas. \u0160\u012b platforma ir lietot\u0101jam draudz\u012bga un pieejama zin\u0101tniekiem ar da\u017e\u0101da l\u012bme\u0146a tehniskaj\u0101m zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 ir ide\u0101ls risin\u0101jums p\u0113tniekiem, kuriem nepiecie\u0161ams izveidot grafikas sav\u0101m publik\u0101cij\u0101m, prezent\u0101cij\u0101m un citiem zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s komunik\u0101cijas materi\u0101liem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai esat p\u0113tnieks dz\u012bv\u012bbas zin\u0101tn\u0113s, fizikas zin\u0101tn\u0113s vai in\u017eenierzin\u0101tn\u0113s, Mind the Graph pied\u0101v\u0101 pla\u0161u resursu kl\u0101stu, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu jums skaidri un vizu\u0101li p\u0101rliecino\u0161i pazi\u0146ot savus p\u0113t\u012bjumu rezult\u0101tus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/r3qiu0qenda-3.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25130\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/app\/offer-trial\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">S\u0101ciet veidot infografikas bez maksas<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Veicot p\u0113t\u012bjumus t\u0101d\u0101s discipl\u012bn\u0101s k\u0101 statistika, soci\u0101l\u0101s zin\u0101tnes un epidemiolo\u0123ija, \u013coti svar\u012bgs apsv\u0113rums ir izlases novirze. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":28013,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - 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