{"id":26288,"date":"2023-01-16T10:56:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-16T13:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/nuclear-fusion-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T15:45:12","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T18:45:12","slug":"significance-level","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/nozimiguma-limenis\/","title":{"rendered":"Viegli saprotams noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bme\u0146a kopsavilkums"},"content":{"rendered":"

Statistik\u0101 noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bme\u0146i ir svar\u012bga hipot\u0113\u017eu p\u0101rbaudes sast\u0101vda\u013ca. Turkl\u0101t at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no citiem skait\u013ciem j\u016bsu statistikas datos noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni neapr\u0113\u0137ina statistisk\u0101s anal\u012bzes programmat\u016bra. T\u0101 viet\u0101 j\u016bs izv\u0113laties noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni. Vai jums k\u0101dreiz ir radies jaut\u0101jums, k\u0101p\u0113c tas t\u0101 ir? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 Mind The Graph sniegs jums p\u0101rskatu par noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni, lai j\u016bs var\u0113tu viegli saprast t\u0101 funkcionalit\u0101ti un noz\u012bmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101ds ir noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmenis?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmenis, ko sauc ar\u012b par alfa vai \u03b1, ir m\u0113rvien\u012bba, kas nosaka, cik daudz pier\u0101d\u012bjumu ir j\u0101ieg\u016bst izlas\u0113, lai noraid\u012btu nulles hipot\u0113zi un atz\u012btu ietekmi par statistiski noz\u012bm\u012bgu. V\u0113l pirms eksperimenta uzs\u0101k\u0161anas ir j\u0101izv\u0113las noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmenis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atk\u0101rtoti sakot, t\u0101 ir varb\u016bt\u012bba noraid\u012bt nulles hipot\u0113zi, ja t\u0101 ir patiesa; piem\u0113ram, noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmenis 0,05 noz\u012bm\u0113 5% varb\u016bt\u012bbu pie\u0146emt l\u0113mumu, ka at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba past\u0101v, ja t\u0101das nav. Zem\u0101ks noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmenis nor\u0101da, ka ir nepiecie\u0161ams vair\u0101k pier\u0101d\u012bjumu, lai noraid\u012btu nulles hipot\u0113zi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmenis Simbols<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni apz\u012bm\u0113 ar grie\u0137u simbolu \u03b1 (alfa). \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmenis = varb\u016bt\u012bbas v\u0113rt\u012bba (I tipa k\u013c\u016bda) = \u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja v\u0113rt\u012bbas vai nov\u0113rojumi novirz\u0101s no vid\u0113j\u0101, tie ir maz\u0101k ticami. Rezult\u0101ti tiek apz\u012bm\u0113ti k\u0101 \"noz\u012bm\u012bgi pie x%\". <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piem\u0113ram, noz\u012bm\u012bga v\u0113rt\u012bba pie 5% apz\u012bm\u0113 p-v\u0113rt\u012bbu, kas maz\u0101ka par 0,05 vai p < 0,05. L\u012bdz\u012bgi, noz\u012bm\u012bga pie 1% apz\u012bm\u0113 p-v\u0113rt\u012bbu, kas maz\u0101ka par 0,01.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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K\u0101 noteikt noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lai noteiktu sava atkl\u0101juma noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni, vispirms nosakiet p-v\u0113rt\u012bbu, kas nosaka varb\u016bt\u012bbu, ka tiks atkl\u0101ts efekts, kas atbild\u0113s uz jaut\u0101jumu, vai nulles hipot\u0113ze ir pareiza vai n\u0113. Nulles hipot\u0113ze tiek noraid\u012bta, ja p-v\u0113rt\u012bba ir maz\u0101ka par noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni. Ja p v\u0113rt\u012bba ir liel\u0101ka vai vien\u0101da ar noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni (\u03b1), nulles hipot\u0113ze ir j\u0101pie\u0146em. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turpm\u0101k ir sniegta p-v\u0113rt\u012bbas kop\u0113j\u0101 interpret\u0101cija pie 10% noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bme\u0146a: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja p > 0,1, nulles hipot\u0113ze netiek pie\u0146emta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja p > 0,05 un p \u2264 0,1, nulles hipot\u0113zes pie\u0146\u0113mums ir zems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja p > 0,01 un p \u2264 0,05, nulles hipot\u0113ze tiek stingri pie\u0146emta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja p \u2264 0,01, nulles hipot\u0113ze tiek pie\u0146emta \u013coti stingri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tikai paturiet pr\u0101t\u0101, ka 0,05 jeb 5% ir parastais alfa, un, mainot noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni uz k\u0101du citu, kas nav 0,05, parasti ir nepiecie\u0161ams p\u0101rliecino\u0161s iemesls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bme\u0146a mai\u0146a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Piem\u0113ram, palielinot noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni no 0,05 l\u012bdz 0,10, tiek samazin\u0101ts pier\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas standarts. Turpret\u012b, pazeminot to no 0,05 l\u012bdz 0,01, standarts tiek paaugstin\u0101ts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pie\u0146emsim, ka j\u016bs nov\u0113rt\u0113jat ball\u012b\u0161u balonu iztur\u012bbu, lai noteiktu, kur\u0161 z\u012bmols ir lab\u0101kais. T\u0101 k\u0101 viltus pozit\u012bvais rezult\u0101ts liks jums ieg\u0101d\u0101ties v\u0101j\u0101ku balonu, tr\u016bkumi ir minim\u0101li. Samazinot noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni l\u012bdz 0,10, j\u016bs varat samazin\u0101t nepiecie\u0161amo pier\u0101d\u012bjumu daudzumu, vienlaikus palielinot viltus pozit\u012bva rezult\u0101ta iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu no 0,05 l\u012bdz 0,10. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No otras puses, ja nov\u0113rt\u0113jat gaisa balonos izmantot\u0101 auduma iztur\u012bbu, k\u013c\u016bdaini pozit\u012bvs rezult\u0101ts ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi b\u012bstams, jo var izrais\u012bt n\u0101vi. Jums j\u0101b\u016bt \u013coti uzman\u012bgam un j\u0101izv\u0113las vislab\u0101kais ra\u017eot\u0101js. \u0160aj\u0101 scen\u0101rij\u0101 ir v\u0113lams palielin\u0101t, nevis samazin\u0101t noz\u012bm\u012bguma l\u012bmeni l\u012bdz 0,01. Tas samazina viltus pozit\u012bvu rezult\u0101tu iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu no 0,05 l\u012bdz 0,01. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nekas nevar p\u0101rsp\u0113t nevainojamu vizu\u0101lo darbu, kas sniedz sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu v\u0113st\u012bjumu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jums ir gr\u016bt\u012bbas pazi\u0146ot lielu inform\u0101cijas apjomu? Izmantojiet infografikas un ilustr\u0101cijas, lai padar\u012btu savu darbu saprotam\u0101ku un pieejam\u0101ku. Mind the Graph<\/a> ir lielisks r\u012bks p\u0113tniekiem, kuri v\u0113las padar\u012bt savu darbu efekt\u012bv\u0101ku, izmantojot vizu\u0101li pievilc\u012bgas infografikas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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