{"id":26270,"date":"2023-01-18T10:42:10","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T13:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/viruses-that-can-cause-cancer-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-01-25T10:55:01","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T13:55:01","slug":"nuclear-fusion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/kodolsinteze\/","title":{"rendered":"Kodolsint\u0113ze: Viegli saprotams ievads"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zin\u0101tnieki ir veiku\u0161i noz\u012bm\u012bgu atkl\u0101jumu kodolsint\u0113zes jom\u0101, kas n\u0101kotn\u0113 var\u0113tu pav\u0113rt durvis uz bag\u0101t\u012bgu t\u012bras ener\u0123ijas ieguvi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160o atkl\u0101jumu bija iesp\u0113jams izdar\u012bt tikai pateicoties vair\u0101k nek\u0101 pusgadsimtu ilgiem kodolsint\u0113zes p\u0113t\u012bjumiem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160eit ir viegli saprotams ievads par kodolsint\u0113zi, lai j\u016bs var\u0113tu pareizi saprast \u0161o aizraujo\u0161o jaunumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas ir kodolsint\u0113ze?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kodolsint\u0113ze ir kodoltermiskais process, kas notiek, kad divi vai vair\u0101ki atomu kodoli apvienojas, lai ieg\u016btu vienu liel\u0101ku kodolu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kodolsint\u0113zes reakcijas notiek vielas st\u0101vokl\u012b, ko d\u0113v\u0113 par plazmu, kas ir karsta, uzl\u0101d\u0113ta g\u0101ze, ko veido pozit\u012bvi joni un br\u012bvi kust\u012bgi elektroni un kas at\u0161\u0137iras no ciet\u0101m viel\u0101m, \u0161\u0137idrumiem vai g\u0101z\u0113m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezum\u0113jot, kodolsint\u0113ze ir meh\u0101nisms, ar kura pal\u012bdz\u012bbu kodols Saule un citas zvaigznes ieg\u016bst ener\u0123iju<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piem\u0113ram: Tritija un deit\u0113rija atomi (attiec\u012bgi \u016bde\u0146ra\u017ea izotopi \u016ade\u0146radis-3 un \u016ade\u0146radis-2) apvienojas, lai rad\u012btu neitronu un h\u0113lija izotopu. L\u012bdz ar to izdal\u0101s milz\u012bgs ener\u0123ijas daudzums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160o ener\u0123iju var izmantot, lai ra\u017eotu elektr\u012bbu vai darbin\u0101tu citas lietas. Tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka tas ir potenci\u0101li bezgal\u012bgs un t\u012brs ener\u0123ijas avots. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Lai kodoli sapl\u016bstu, tiem j\u0101saskaras \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101, iesp\u0113jams, 10 miljonu gr\u0101du p\u0113c Celsija. Augst\u0101s temperat\u016bras d\u0113\u013c tiem ir pietiekami daudz ener\u0123ijas, lai p\u0101rvar\u0113tu savstarp\u0113jo elektrisko pretest\u012bbu. Kad kodoli atrodas \u013coti tuvu viens otram, kodolu savstarp\u0113j\u0101 pievilk\u0161an\u0101s p\u0101rvar elektrisko pretest\u012bbu un \u013cauj tiem sapl\u016bst, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 rodas ener\u0123ija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kodolsint\u0113ze pret kodola skald\u012b\u0161anu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gan kodola skald\u012b\u0161an\u0101s, gan kodolsint\u0113ze ir kodolreakcijas, kur\u0101s notiek atomu mai\u0146a, lai ieg\u016btu ener\u0123iju, bet k\u0101da ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp t\u0101m? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kodolsint\u0113ze ir divu viegl\u0101ku atomu savieno\u0161an\u0101s, lai ieg\u016btu liel\u0101ku atomu, savuk\u0101rt skald\u012b\u0161an\u0101s ir viena atoma sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s div\u0101s da\u013c\u0101s. B\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 tie ir pret\u0113ji procesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Alberta Ein\u0161teina pare\u0123ojums, ka masu var p\u0101rv\u0113rst ener\u0123ij\u0101, iedvesmoja kodola dal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s atkl\u0101jumu. Zin\u0101tnieki s\u0101ka eksperiment\u0113t 1939. gad\u0101, un gadu v\u0113l\u0101k Enriko Fermi uzb\u016bv\u0113ja pirmo kodolreaktoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0101rsvar\u0101 nestabils izotops tiek uzspridzin\u0101ts ar \u0101trdarb\u012bg\u0101m da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m, parasti neitroniem, kas tiek pa\u0101trin\u0101ti, piespie\u017eot tos sadurties ar nestabilo izotopu, izraisot skald\u012b\u0161anos un sadal\u012b\u0161anos divos maz\u0101kos izotopos, tr\u012bs \u0101trdarb\u012bgos neitronos un milz\u012bg\u0101 daudzum\u0101 ener\u0123ijas. Ur\u0101nu-235 izmanto k\u0101 neitronu liel\u0101kaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 kodolreaktoru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ieg\u016bt\u0101 ener\u0123ija tiek izmantota, lai uzsild\u012btu \u016bdeni kodolreaktoros, kas p\u0113c tam ra\u017eo elektroener\u0123iju. Kam\u0113r \u0101trie neitroni tiek izvad\u012bti un k\u013c\u016bst par l\u0101di\u0146iem, tie izraisa jaunus skald\u012b\u0161an\u0101s procesus, ko d\u0113v\u0113 ar\u012b par \u0137\u0113des reakcij\u0101m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kodolskald\u012b\u0161anas proces\u0101 rodas liels daudzums radioakt\u012bvo atkritumu, kas var b\u016bt b\u012bstami un r\u016bp\u012bgi j\u0101uzglab\u0101 - iesp\u0113jams, simtiem gadu. Savuk\u0101rt kodolsint\u0113ze ra\u017eo t\u012bru ener\u0123iju bez radioakt\u012bviem atkritumiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ir v\u0113rts ar\u012b uzsv\u0113rt, ka kodola skald\u012b\u0161an\u0101s nav dabisks process un to ir j\u0101induc\u0113, savuk\u0101rt kodolsint\u0113ze ir dabisks process, piem\u0113ram, saule ra\u017eo ener\u0123iju kodolsint\u0113zes ce\u013c\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101p\u0113c kodolsint\u0113ze ir svar\u012bga?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kodolsint\u0113zes reaktoriem ir sp\u0113ja nodro\u0161in\u0101t elektroener\u0123iju ar minim\u0101l\u0101m siltumn\u012bcefekta g\u0101zu emisij\u0101m, radioakt\u012bvajiem atkritumiem vai cit\u0101m sek\u0101m videi. Tie var\u0113tu nodro\u0161in\u0101t praktiski neierobe\u017eotu t\u012bras ener\u0123ijas pieg\u0101di, samazinot m\u016bsu atkar\u012bbu no fosil\u0101 kurin\u0101m\u0101 un citiem ierobe\u017eotiem ener\u0123ijas avotiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101 k\u0101 kodolsint\u0113zes reaktori nerada augsta radioaktivit\u0101tes l\u012bme\u0146a atkritumus k\u0101 skald\u012b\u0161anas reaktori, to apglab\u0101\u0161ana b\u016bs vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101ka. Turkl\u0101t at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no skald\u012b\u0161anas reaktoriem atkritumos neb\u016bs iero\u010du kategorijas radioakt\u012bvo elementu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kodolsint\u0113zes izr\u0101viens <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Financial Times datiem zin\u0101tniekiem izdev\u0101s atbr\u012bvot 2,5 MJ ener\u0123ijas p\u0113c tam, kad degvielas sild\u012b\u0161anai ar l\u0101zeriem tika izmantoti tikai 2,1 MJ. \u0160is atkl\u0101jums ir j\u0101apstiprina Nacion\u0101laj\u0101 aizdedzes iek\u0101rt\u0101 (NIF) Lorensa Livermora Nacion\u0101laj\u0101 laboratorij\u0101 Kalifornij\u0101, ta\u010du t\u0101 ir fantastiska zi\u0146a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tas ir noz\u012bm\u012bgs zin\u0101tnisks sasniegums kodolsint\u0113zes jom\u0101, galvenok\u0101rt t\u0101p\u0113c, ka pirmo reizi zin\u0101tnieki ir veiksm\u012bgi izveidoju\u0161i kodolsint\u0113zes procesu ar pozit\u012bvu neto ener\u0123ijas pieaugumu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Protams, v\u0113l ir daudz dar\u0101m\u0101, lai \u0161o iesp\u0113ju var\u0113tu \u012bstenot, ta\u010du tas, ka zin\u0101tniekiem izdev\u0101s sara\u017eot vair\u0101k ener\u0123ijas nek\u0101 eksperimenta s\u0101kum\u0101, ir noz\u012bm\u012bgs solis uz priek\u0161u zin\u0101tnes att\u012bst\u012bb\u0101. Tas p\u0113t\u012bjumam pie\u0161\u0137ir kontekstu un noz\u012bmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vizu\u0101l\u0101s zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s komunik\u0101cijas izplat\u012b\u0161ana vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Izplatiet savu darbu vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113, izmantojot vizu\u0101los plak\u0101tus. Papildus tam, ka j\u016bsu darbs ir piem\u0113rots \u012bslaic\u012bgai las\u012b\u0161anai, prasm\u012bgi izveidots plak\u0101ts var pal\u012bdz\u0113t j\u016bsu darbam sasniegt auditoriju, par k\u0101du j\u016bs nekad neesat iedom\u0101jies. Plak\u0101ti ir viegl\u0101k pieg\u0101d\u0101jami un izplat\u0101mi, un tie noteikti var likt cilv\u0113kiem atcer\u0113ties j\u016bsu p\u0113t\u012bjumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izmantojiet vienk\u0101r\u0161u plak\u0101tu veido\u0161anas r\u012bku. Izmantojiet Mind The Graph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Palielini manu p\u0113t\u012bjumu ar ilustr\u0101cij\u0101m<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nesen zin\u0101tnieki ir guvu\u0161i pan\u0101kumus kodolsint\u0113zes jom\u0101. Apskatiet \u0161o vienk\u0101r\u0161o ievadu, lai uzzin\u0101tu visu par kodolsint\u0113zi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":26279,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNuclear Fusion: An easy-to-understand introduction<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists have recently achieved advances in nuclear fusion. Take a look at this easy introduction to learn everything about it.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/kodolsinteze\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lv_LV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nuclear Fusion: An easy-to-understand introduction\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists have recently achieved advances in nuclear fusion. 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