{"id":26236,"date":"2023-01-13T10:00:11","date_gmt":"2023-01-13T13:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/epstein-barr-copy-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T13:43:48","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T16:43:48","slug":"viruses-that-can-cause-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/virusi-kas-var-izraisit-vezi\/","title":{"rendered":"Uzziniet vair\u0101k par 8 v\u012brusiem, kas var izrais\u012bt v\u0113zi"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0113zis ir slim\u012bba, kuras laik\u0101 da\u017eas \u0137erme\u0146a \u0161\u016bnas nekontrol\u0113ti aug un izplat\u0101s uz cit\u0101m \u0137erme\u0146a da\u013c\u0101m. Tas ir viens no galvenajiem iemesliem mirst\u012bba vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113<\/a>, kas 2020. gad\u0101 izrais\u012bs aptuveni 10 miljonus n\u0101ves gad\u012bjumu jeb gandr\u012bz katru sesto n\u0101ves gad\u012bjumu.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai zin\u0101j\u0101t, ka pa\u0161laik ir asto\u0146i v\u012brusi, kas var izrais\u012bt v\u0113zi? Tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka v\u012brusi ir atbild\u012bgi par 10% v\u0113\u017ea gad\u012bjumu pasaul\u0113.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160aj\u0101 Mind The Graph rakst\u0101 iepaz\u012bstin\u0101sim j\u016bs ar asto\u0146iem v\u0113zi izraiso\u0161iem v\u012brusiem un to, k\u0101 no tiem izvair\u012bties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101ds ir meh\u0101nisms, k\u0101 v\u012brusi izraisa v\u0113zi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u012brusus veido ierobe\u017eots g\u0113nu kopums DNS vai RNS form\u0101, ko p\u0101rkl\u0101j olbaltumvielu apvalks. V\u012brusam ir nepiecie\u0161ams iek\u013c\u016bt dz\u012bv\u0101 \u0161\u016bn\u0101 un p\u0101r\u0146emt kontroli p\u0101r \u0161\u016bnas meh\u0101nismu, lai vairotos un ra\u017eotu papildu v\u012brusus. Da\u017ei v\u012brusi to pan\u0101k, ievadot saimnieka \u0161\u016bn\u0101s savu DNS (vai RNS). Kad DNS vai RNS izmaina saimnieka \u0161\u016bnas g\u0113nus, t\u0101 var izrais\u012bt \u0161\u016bnas v\u0113\u017ea att\u012bst\u012bbu.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101di v\u012brusi var izrais\u012bt v\u0113zi?\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ep\u0161teina-Barra v\u012bruss<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

EBV v\u012bruss ir herpes v\u012brusa paveids, kas pla\u0161i paz\u012bstams k\u0101 mononukleoze (\"mono\") jeb \"sk\u016bpsta slim\u012bba\". To p\u0101rn\u0113s\u0101 ar siekal\u0101m vai \u0137erme\u0146a \u0161\u0137idrumiem, visbie\u017e\u0101k klepojot, \u0161\u0137audot, lietojot kop\u012bgus dz\u0113rienus un traukus, pieskaras priek\u0161metiem, kuriem ir siekalas un p\u0113c tam pieskaras mutei, un, protams, sk\u016bpstoties. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca cilv\u0113ku infic\u0113jas k\u0101d\u0101 dz\u012bves posm\u0101, un cilv\u0113ki ar EBV parasti ir veseli un tiem nav nek\u0101du simptomu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ar EBV ir saist\u012bta Burkita limfoma, nazofaringe\u0101l\u0101 karcinoma (r\u012bkles aug\u0161da\u013cas v\u0113zis), Hod\u017ekina un ne-Hod\u017ekina limfoma, T-\u0161\u016bnu limfomas, limfoproliferat\u012bv\u0101 (p\u0101r\u0101k daudz balto asins\u0137ermen\u012b\u0161u) limfoma p\u0113c transplant\u0101cijas un leiomijosarkoma (m\u012bksto audu v\u0113zis).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Caur Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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B hepat\u012bts (HBV)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

HBV ir iesp\u0113ja integr\u0113ties cilv\u0113ka genom\u0101 un vairoties aknu \u0161\u016bn\u0101s, tie\u0161i pastiprinot kancerog\u0113no aktivit\u0101ti, izmantojot daudzus signaliz\u0101cijas ce\u013cus akn\u0101s. HBV infekcijas ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi lip\u012bgas, un t\u0101s tiek p\u0101rnestas saskar\u0113 ar infic\u0113t\u0101m asin\u012bm, sviedriem vai asar\u0101m. To var p\u0101rnest ar\u012b, lietojot intravenozas injekcijas, seksu\u0101li kontakt\u0113joties un nododot no m\u0101tes b\u0113rnam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HBV var izrais\u012bt aknu infekciju, kas var progres\u0113t l\u012bdz aknu v\u0113zim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Caur Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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C hepat\u012bts (HCV)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

HCV ret\u0101k nek\u0101 HBV izraisa simptomus, un to nevar iestr\u0101d\u0101t cilv\u0113ka genom\u0101. Slim\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bba ir daudzfaktori\u0101la, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 var ilgt 20-40 gadus, t\u0101p\u0113c cilv\u0113ki ar HCV var b\u016bt neapzin\u0101ti, ja vi\u0146iem ir \u0161\u012b slim\u012bba. T\u0101 k\u0101 im\u016bnsist\u0113ma laika gait\u0101 uzbr\u016bk v\u012brusam, HCV bie\u017e\u0101k izraisa hronisku infekciju, izraisot aknu fibrozi, kas var progres\u0113t l\u012bdz cirozei un HCC. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 HBV infekcijas gad\u012bjum\u0101, infekcija tiek p\u0101rnesta, saskaroties ar infic\u0113t\u0101m asin\u012bm, sviedriem vai asar\u0101m. To var p\u0101rnest ar\u012b, lietojot intravenozas injekcijas, dzimumkontakta laik\u0101 un nododot no m\u0101tes b\u0113rnam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C hepat\u012bts ir galvenais aknu v\u0113\u017ea c\u0113lonis un var izrais\u012bt ar\u012b ne-Hod\u017ekina limfomu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Caur Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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HIV (cilv\u0113ka im\u016bndefic\u012bta v\u012bruss)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

HIV ir retrov\u012bruss, kas var izrais\u012bt ieg\u016bt\u0101s im\u016bndefic\u012bta sindromu - hronisku, da\u017ek\u0101rt n\u0101v\u0113jo\u0161u slim\u012bbu (AIDS). HIV infic\u0113 un izn\u012bcina T-locek\u013cu pal\u012bgsist\u0113mas \u0161\u016bnas. Samazinoties T \u0161\u016bnu skaitam, im\u016bnsist\u0113mai ir \u013coti gr\u016bti c\u012bn\u012bties ar infekcij\u0101m. HIV infekcija stimul\u0113 ar\u012b specifisku B \u0161\u016bnu aug\u0161anu, palielinot p\u0101rpalikuma un mut\u0101ciju risku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HIV izplat\u0101s ar \u0137erme\u0146a \u0161\u0137idrumiem, tostarp asin\u012bm, spermu un maksts \u0161\u0137idrumiem. To var nodot ar\u012b HIV pozit\u012bva m\u0101te savam b\u0113rnam. HIV nav \u0101rst\u0113jams, tom\u0113r to var \u0101rst\u0113t ar medikamentiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da\u017eu limfomu formu, piem\u0113ram, ne-Hod\u017ekina limfomas, Hod\u017ekina limfomas, prim\u0101r\u0101s CNS limfomas, leik\u0113mijas un mielomas, izplat\u012bbu var palielin\u0101t HIV infekcija. HIV papildus limfom\u0101m palielina ar\u012b Kaposi sarkomas, dzemdes kakla v\u0113\u017ea, k\u0101 ar\u012b an\u0101l\u0101s atveres, aknu, mutes un r\u012bkles un plau\u0161u v\u0113\u017ea iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Caur Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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Cilv\u0113ka herpesv\u012bruss 8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cilv\u0113ka herpesv\u012bruss-8 (HHV-8), paz\u012bstams ar\u012b k\u0101 ar Kaposi sarkomu saist\u012btais herpesv\u012bruss, ir DNS v\u012brusu Herpesviridae dzimtas v\u012bruss. KS ir reti sastopams, l\u0113ni augo\u0161s v\u0113zis, kas bie\u017ei izpau\u017eas k\u0101 sarkan\u012bgi violeti vai zili br\u016bni audz\u0113ji tie\u0161i zem \u0101das. HHV-8 infic\u0113 \u0161\u016bnas, kas KS gad\u012bjum\u0101 izkl\u0101j asins un limfas art\u0113rijas. Infekcijas rezult\u0101t\u0101 t\u0101s p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgi dal\u0101s un dz\u012bvo daudz ilg\u0101k, nek\u0101 t\u0101m vajadz\u0113tu. \u0160\u012bs izmai\u0146as var potenci\u0101li p\u0101rv\u0113rst t\u0101s par v\u0113\u017ea \u0161\u016bn\u0101m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HHV-8 p\u0101rsvar\u0101 tiek p\u0101rnests dzimumkontakta un siekalu ce\u013c\u0101. Potenci\u0101li var notikt org\u0101nu un asins p\u0101rlie\u0161ana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101 ir atbild\u012bga par Kaposi sarkomu - v\u0113\u017ea veidu, kas skar \u0101du un m\u012bkstos audus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Caur Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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Cilv\u0113ka papilomas v\u012bruss<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cilv\u0113ka papilomas v\u012bruss (HPV) ir visizplat\u012bt\u0101kais seksu\u0101li transmis\u012bvais v\u012bruss, kas izplat\u0101s no \u0101das uz \u0101du, un visizplat\u012bt\u0101kais ir seksu\u0101ls kontakts. Kad HPV genoms integr\u0113jas cilv\u0113ka hromosom\u0101s, tas izjauc atv\u0113rto las\u012b\u0161anas r\u0101mi un izraisa divu v\u012brusa onkog\u0113nu p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgu ekspresiju, kas var izrais\u012bt v\u0113zi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ir 14 augsta riska HPV celmi, kas var izrais\u012bt v\u0113zi gan v\u012brie\u0161iem, gan sieviet\u0113m. \u0160ie v\u0113\u017ea veidi ir an\u0101lais, dzemdes kakla, dzimumdzemdes kakla, dzimumlocek\u013ca, dzimumlocek\u013ca, r\u012bkles, maksts un vulvas, k\u0101 ar\u012b galvas un kakla v\u0113zis. Tiek l\u0113sts, ka vair\u0101k nek\u0101 70% dzemdes kakla v\u0113\u017ea gad\u012bjumu izraisa divi augsta riska celmi - 16 un 18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Caur Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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Cilv\u0113ka T-\u0161\u016bnu leik\u0113mijas v\u012brusa tips<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

HTLV-1 ir retrov\u012bruss, kas ir sava veida v\u012bruss. \u0160iem v\u012brusiem \u0123en\u0113tiskais kods ir RNS, nevis DNS. Lai var\u0113tu replic\u0113ties, tiem ir j\u0101veic papildu posms, kur\u0101 RNS g\u0113ni j\u0101p\u0101rveido par DNS. Da\u017ei no papildu DNS g\u0113niem galu gal\u0101 var tikt iek\u013cauti v\u012brusa infic\u0113t\u0101s cilv\u0113ka \u0161\u016bnas hromosom\u0101s. Tas var izrais\u012bt izmai\u0146as \u0161\u016bnu att\u012bst\u012bb\u0101 un dal\u012b\u0161an\u0101, potenci\u0101li izraisot v\u0113zi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101pat k\u0101 HIV, t\u0101 izplat\u0101s ar \u0137erme\u0146a \u0161\u0137idrumiem, piem\u0113ram, asin\u012bm, spermu un maksts \u0161\u0137idrumiem. HIV infic\u0113ta m\u0101te to var nodot ar\u012b b\u0113rnam, tom\u0113r \u0161is risks ir minim\u0101ls, ja m\u0101te nebaro b\u0113rnu ar kr\u016bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTLV-1 ir saist\u012bts ar limfoc\u012btisko leik\u0113miju un ne-Hod\u017ekina limfomu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Caur Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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Mer\u0137e\u013ca \u0161\u016bnu poliomav\u012bruss<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

MCV tika identific\u0113ts paraugos no ret\u0101s un smag\u0101s \u0101das v\u0113\u017ea formas, kas paz\u012bstama k\u0101 Merke\u013ca \u0161\u016bnu karcinoma. Ar MCV infic\u0113jas liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca cilv\u0113ku k\u0101d\u0101 dz\u012bves posm\u0101 (galvenok\u0101rt b\u0113rn\u012bb\u0101), un parasti tas neizraisa nek\u0101dus simptomus. Tom\u0113r retos v\u012brusa infekcijas gad\u012bjumos v\u012bruss var izmain\u012bt DNS \u0161\u016bn\u0101s, izraisot Merke\u013ca \u0161\u016bnu v\u0113zi, un pa\u0161laik tas ir atz\u012bts par gandr\u012bz visu Merke\u013ca \u0161\u016bnu v\u0113\u017ea veidu c\u0113loni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lai gan nav zin\u0101ms, k\u0101 cilv\u0113ki infic\u0113jas ar \u0161o v\u012brusu, tas ir konstat\u0113ts vair\u0101k\u0101s \u0137erme\u0146a viet\u0101s, tostarp \u0101d\u0101 un siekal\u0101s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Caur Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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K\u0101 izvair\u012bties no v\u0113zi izraiso\u0161iem v\u012brusiem?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n