{"id":13066,"date":"2021-06-29T15:10:49","date_gmt":"2021-06-29T18:10:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=13066"},"modified":"2023-01-05T13:09:00","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T16:09:00","slug":"ayahuasca-history-and-compounds-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/ayahuasca-history-and-compounds-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Ayahuasca: v\u0113sture un savienojumu anal\u012bze"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0113d\u0113jos gados interese par psihoakt\u012bvo t\u0113ju ayahuasca ir iev\u0113rojami pieaugusi. Zin\u0101tnieku aprindas un pla\u0161a sabiedr\u012bba \u0161o t\u0113ju bija atkl\u0101ju\u0161as, jo t\u0101 ac\u012bmredzami labv\u0113l\u012bgi ietekm\u0113 psihiskus trauc\u0113jumus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ir pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka tiem, kas lieto \u0161o dz\u0113rienu, ir antidepres\u012bva, anksiol\u012btiska un pretapreibino\u0161a iedarb\u012bba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tradicion\u0101li Braz\u012blijas zieme\u013cu re\u0123iona amazonu pamatiedz\u012bvot\u0101ji \u0161o dz\u0113rienu lieto reli\u0123iskos ritu\u0101los, ta\u010du tas ir k\u013cuvis popul\u0101rs un tiek lietots da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s pasaules da\u013c\u0101s, pat \u0101rpus reli\u0123isk\u0101 konteksta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tom\u0113r \u013coti maz cilv\u0113ku zina \u0161\u012bs uzl\u0113juma t\u0113jas v\u0113sturi un t\u0101s pagatavo\u0161anas veidu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0101rbaudiet Mind the Graph Galerija<\/a> vis\u0101m \u0161aj\u0101 amat\u0101 izmantotaj\u0101m ilustr\u0101cij\u0101m. Noklik\u0161\u0137iniet uz att\u0113la zem\u0101k!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayahuasca v\u0113sture s\u0101k rakst\u012bties, kad 1851. gad\u0101 ang\u013cu bot\u0101ni\u0137is<\/a> p\u0113tnieks Ri\u010dards Spruiss (Richard Spruce) rakst\u012bja par to, ka da\u017e\u0101das Dienvidamerikas ciltis izmantoja t\u0101du pa\u0161u augu mais\u012bjumu, kas k\u013cuva paz\u012bstams k\u0101 ajahuaska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tom\u0113r dz\u0113riena meistari apgalvo, ka ayahuasca tika lietota jau ilgi pirms 1851. gada, dat\u0113jot to ar 2 000 gadu pirms m\u016bsu \u0113ras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andu pamatiedz\u012bvot\u0101ji, kas dz\u012bvo da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s Dienvidamerikas valst\u012bs, piem\u0113ram, Peru, Bol\u012bvij\u0101, Argent\u012bn\u0101 un \u010c\u012bl\u0113. Ke\u010dua valod\u0101 run\u0101jo\u0161ie skaidro, ka nosaukums Ayahuasca noz\u012bm\u0113 gars, sen\u010du (aya-) un v\u012bnogul\u0101ju (-huasca). Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, garu v\u012bnogul\u0101js.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkl\u0101t tikai Dienvidamerik\u0101 tika apzin\u0101tas 72 pamatiedz\u012bvot\u0101ju ciltis, kas lietoja ayahuasku da\u017e\u0101dos kult\u016bras kontekstos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katr\u0101 kontekst\u0101 t\u0113jai tiek dots cits nosaukums, piem\u0113ram: yap\u00e9, caapi, natema, pind\u00e9, kahi, mihi, d\u00e1pa, bejuco de oro, zelta v\u012bnogul\u0101js un dv\u0113seles v\u012bnogul\u0101js.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0113ju gatavo no diviem viet\u0113jiem Amazones augiem. Miza un stubl\u0101ji Banisteriopsis caapi<\/em> sugas un Psychotria viridis <\/em>lapas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Organisko materi\u0101lu ilgsto\u0161i nov\u0101ra, lai no t\u0101 ieg\u016btu visas v\u0113lam\u0101s vielas. No  B. caapi<\/em> mizas un stubl\u0101ju ieg\u016bst tr\u012bs svar\u012bgus alkalo\u012bdus, ko sauc par harmine<\/strong>, harmaline<\/strong>, un tetrahidroharm\u012bns<\/strong>. \u0160\u012b \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 viela satur triciklisku strukt\u016bru, kas paz\u012bstama k\u0101 \u03b2-karbol\u012bna alkalo\u012bdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tikm\u0113r no P. viridis<\/em> lap\u0101m, tiek ieg\u016bts slavenais psihoakt\u012bvais alkalo\u012bds, kas paz\u012bstams k\u0101 DMT,<\/strong> \u012bss nosaukums N,N-dimetiltriptam\u012bns<\/strong>. Visas \u0161\u012bs alkalo\u012bdu vielas ir atbild\u012bgas par ayahuasca iedarb\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reli\u0123ij\u0101 un pamatiedz\u012bvot\u0101ju kult\u016br\u0101s ayahuasca noz\u012bm\u0113 ma\u0123isku apreibino\u0161u t\u0113ju ar dievi\u0161\u0137u izcelsmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101s lieto\u0161ana tiek aprakst\u012bta k\u0101 dv\u0113seles atbr\u012bvo\u0161an\u0101s no \u0137erme\u0146a ieslodz\u012bjuma uz k\u0101du laiku un atgrie\u0161an\u0101s ar sv\u0113t\u0101m zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m. Turkl\u0101t t\u0101 m\u0113r\u0137is ir iz\u0101rst\u0113t \u0137ermeni, dv\u0113seli un pr\u0101tu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101 ir ar\u012b reli\u0123isk\u0101s ziedo\u0161an\u0101s simbols reli\u0123iskajos ritu\u0101los.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lai gan ayahuasca psihoakt\u012bv\u0101 viela - DMT - ir aizliegta vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 no 1971. gada l\u012bdz pat \u0161ai dienai ar Starptautisko konvenciju par psihotropaj\u0101m viel\u0101m, Braz\u012blijas vald\u012bba kop\u0161 1989. gada ir at\u013c\u0101vusi \u0161o dz\u0113rienu lietot un lietot tikai reli\u0123isk\u0101 kontekst\u0101 un ritu\u0101los ritu\u0101los. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iesp\u0113jams, tas ir ietekm\u0113jis \u0161\u012bs prakses izplat\u012b\u0161anos un izaugsmi daudz\u0101s pasaules viet\u0101s. Piem\u0113ram, tikai 20. gadsimta 30. gadu vid\u016b t\u0101das reli\u0123isk\u0101s grupas k\u0101 Santo Daime bija izveidoju\u0161\u0101s k\u0101 neatkar\u012bga reli\u0123isk\u0101 identit\u0101te, kas integr\u0113ja t\u0113ju. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101 k\u0101 p\u0113c \u0161\u012b dz\u0113riena dzer\u0161anas psihiatrijas pacientiem ar depresiju, trauksmi un atkar\u012bbas probl\u0113m\u0101m uzlabojas dz\u012bves kvalit\u0101te, p\u0113tnieki ir veiku\u0161i p\u0113t\u012bjumus, lai tuv\u0101k iepaz\u012btos ar ajahuasku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lai noskaidrotu, vai t\u0113ju ir dro\u0161i dzert regul\u0101ri, p\u0113tnieki veica p\u0113t\u012bjumus par ayahuasca sast\u0101vu un vielu koncentr\u0101ciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkl\u0101t p\u0113tnieki uzsv\u0113ra, ka augu izcelsmes prepar\u0101ts var at\u0161\u0137irties atkar\u012bb\u0101 no vietas un kult\u016bras. Tas var ietekm\u0113t t\u0101 sast\u0101vu, izskatu, gar\u0161u un pat iedarb\u012bbu. T\u0101p\u0113c ir gr\u016bti noteikt, vai katrs ayahuasca prepar\u0101ts ir dro\u0161s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A 2020. gad\u0101 public\u0113taj\u0101 p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 tika veikta kvantitat\u012bva un kvalitat\u012bva makro- un mikrokomponentu anal\u012bze 19 ajahuaskas paraugos, ko lietoja reli\u0123isk\u0101s grup\u0101s Braz\u012blij\u0101.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 tika noteikta mikroorganisko un makroorganisko elementu koncentr\u0101cija \u0161ajos paraugos, lai noskaidrotu, vai \u0161o dz\u0113rienu patie\u0161\u0101m ir dro\u0161i lietot regul\u0101ri vai uzreiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Analiz\u0113tajos paraugos bija kalcijs, magnijs, k\u0101lijs, fosfors, mang\u0101ns, cinks, alum\u012bnijs un dzelzs. Visas to koncentr\u0101cijas nep\u0101rsniedza ieteicam\u0101s robe\u017ev\u0113rt\u012bbas dien\u0101. P\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 t\u0113ja tika klasific\u0113ta k\u0101 dro\u0161a lieto\u0161anai p\u0101rtik\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u0113l viens 2020. gad\u0101 \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 Journal of Psychoactive Drugs public\u0113taj\u0101 p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101,<\/a> m\u0113r\u0137is bija ar\u012b analiz\u0113t un sal\u012bdzin\u0101t vielas, ko satur ajahuaskas paraugi no da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m viet\u0101m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DMT, tetrahidroharm\u012bns un harm\u012bns paraugos bija sastopamas da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s koncentr\u0101cij\u0101s. Kopum\u0101 p\u0113c koncentr\u0101cijas sec\u012bbas: Harm\u012bna un tetrahidroharm\u012bna koncentr\u0101cija bija liel\u0101ka nek\u0101 DMT, un DMT koncentr\u0101cija bija liel\u0101ka nek\u0101 harmal\u012bna. Harm\u012bna un tetrahidroharm\u012bna koncentr\u0101cija bija attiec\u012bgi aptuveni 1318 mg\/l un 995 mg\/l. DMT un harmal\u012bna koncentr\u0101cija bija attiec\u012bgi 764 mg\/l un 85 mg\/l. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zin\u0101tnieki joproj\u0101m atrodas ce\u013ca s\u0101kum\u0101, lai lab\u0101k izprastu \u0161o augu t\u0113ju, ko sauc par ayahuasca. Lai gan tas tiek lietots jau daudzus gadus, tikai tagad p\u0113t\u012bjumi par\u0101da \u0161\u012b dz\u0113riena dro\u0161uma profilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajavaskas lieto\u0161ana neizraisa psiholo\u0123iskas, neiropsiholo\u0123iskas, psihiatriskas vai fiziskas patolo\u0123ijas, un t\u0101s lieto\u0161ana tiek uzskat\u012bta par pietiekami dro\u0161u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkl\u0101t diskusijas un interesanti dati par DMT molekulu liek zin\u0101tniekiem piev\u0113rsties tie\u0161i \u0161ai molekulai vien, bet tas ir temats citam rakstam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atsauces<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GROB, C. et al. Hoasca, augu halucinog\u0113na, ko izmanto ritu\u0101los Braz\u012blij\u0101, psihofarmakolo\u0123ija cilv\u0113kam. Nervu un gar\u012bgo slim\u012bbu \u017eurn\u0101ls<\/strong>, v. 184, p. 86-94, 1 mar. 1996<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

GUIMAR\u00c3ES, I. C.; T\u00d3FOLI, L. F.; SUSSULINI, A. Ayahuasca element\u0101r\u0101 sast\u0101va noteik\u0161ana un pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101ju dro\u0161\u012bbas nov\u0113rt\u0113jums. Biolo\u0123isko mikroelementu izp\u0113te<\/strong>, v. 199, n. 3, p. 1179-1184, 1 mar. 2021. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SARRIS, J. et al. Ayahuasca lieto\u0161ana un zi\u0146ot\u0101 ietekme uz depresijas un trauksmes simptomiem: Starptautisks \u0161\u0137\u0113rsgriezuma p\u0113t\u012bjums, kur\u0101 piedal\u012bj\u0101s 11 912 pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101ji. Journal of Affective Disorders Zi\u0146ojumi<\/strong>, v. 4, p. 100098, 1 abr. 2021. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SHANON, B. Os conte\u00fados das vis\u00f5es da ayahuasca. Mana<\/strong>, t. 9, n. 2, p. 109-152, izn. 2003. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja nezin\u0101t, Mind the Graph platform\u0101 bez infografik\u0101m, grafiskiem kopsavilkumiem un prezent\u0101cij\u0101m varat veidot ar\u012b diagrammas. J\u0101, j\u0101, j\u016bs pareizi izlas\u012bj\u0101t!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzziniet, k\u0101 pievienot diagrammu savam darbam videoklipa pam\u0101c\u012bb\u0101, ko izveidojis klik\u0161\u0137inot \u0161eit<\/a>. Un p\u0113c tam s\u0101ciet savu zin\u0101tnisk\u0101 dizaina projektu, noklik\u0161\u0137inot uz tie\u0161i \u0161eit<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0113d\u0113jos gados interese par psihoakt\u012bvo t\u0113ju ayahuasca ir iev\u0113rojami pieaugusi. Zin\u0101tnieku aprindas un pla\u0161a sabiedr\u012bba \u0161o t\u0113ju bija atkl\u0101ju\u0161as, jo t\u0101 ac\u012bmredzami labv\u0113l\u012bgi ietekm\u0113 psihiskus trauc\u0113jumus. Ayahuasca ir pier\u0101d\u012bjusi, ka tiem, kas \u0161o dz\u0113rienu lieto, ir antidepres\u012bva, anksiol\u012btiska un pret atkar\u012bbu v\u0113rsta iedarb\u012bba. [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":13068,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66,959,958,28],"tags":[96,51,554,964,775],"yoast_head":"\nAyahuasca: History and Compounds Analysis - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The interest in what is Ayahuasca, and its compounds has been growing due to its apparent benefits. 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