P\u0113tnieki zi\u0146oja par da\u017eiem gad\u012bjumiem vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113, kad m\u0101jas, fermu un zoolo\u0123isko d\u0101rzu dz\u012bvniekiem tika konstat\u0113ta pozit\u012bva COVID-19 infekcija. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Da\u017eas sugas, par kur\u0101m zi\u0146ots, ka t\u0101s ir infic\u0113tas, ir ka\u0137i, \u016bdeles, lauvas un t\u012b\u0123eri. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u0101kotn\u0113ji p\u0113t\u012bjumi liecin\u0101ja, ka pret SARS-CoV-2 uz\u0146\u0113m\u012bgi bija ka\u0137i, civets un seski, bet c\u016bkas, vistas un p\u012bles - ne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Otraj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b tika ieg\u016bti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi rezult\u0101ti, klasific\u0113jot j\u016brasc\u016bci\u0146as, peles un \u017eurkas k\u0101 nejut\u012bgas, savuk\u0101rt kamie\u013ci, liellopi, zirgi, aitas un tru\u0161i tika klasific\u0113ti k\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113m\u012bgi pret SARS-CoV-2 infekciju.<\/p>\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/covid-in-pets.png\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nJ\u0101atceras, ka SARS-CoV-2 v\u012bruss pirmo reizi tika p\u0101rnests uz cilv\u0113kiem ar starpsaimnieka starpniec\u012bbu. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Divi galvenie aizdom\u0101s tur\u0113tie dz\u012bvnieki ir siksp\u0101r\u0146i un pangol\u012bni. Ja pirmo reizi dzirdat par pangol\u012bniem, tad tie ir nakts z\u012bd\u012bt\u0101ji, kurus kl\u0101j kerat\u012bna zv\u012b\u0146as un kuri dz\u012bvo dobumos kokos un n\u0101rstos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0160eit ir pangol\u012bna ilustr\u0101cija:<\/p>\n\n\n Lai uzs\u0101ktu infekciju, v\u012brusam vispirms ir j\u0101savieno v\u012brusa smailes prote\u012bns ar saimnieka \u0161\u016bnas membr\u0101nas receptorprote\u012bnu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Saimnieka receptorprote\u012bns ir angiotenz\u012bnu konvert\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 enz\u012bma 2, parasti paz\u012bstama k\u0101 ACE2, ekstracelul\u0101rais prote\u0101zes dom\u0113ns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ACE2 ir viencaurlaid\u012bgs transmembr\u0101nas prote\u012bns, kas atrodas uz vair\u0101ku audu virsmas. ACE2 nepiem\u012bt tikai viena strukt\u016bra, tam var b\u016bt vair\u0101kas strukt\u016bras da\u017e\u0101du sugu starp\u0101, saglab\u0101jot to pa\u0161u funkciju. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Paties\u012bb\u0101 ACE2 tiek klasific\u0113ts k\u0101 ortologg\u0113ns, tas ir, g\u0113ns, kas sastopams da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s sug\u0101s un ir radies no kop\u012bga priek\u0161te\u010da g\u0113na.<\/p>\n\n\n Ac\u012bmredzot \u0161\u012bs struktur\u0101l\u0101s at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas ir iemesls, k\u0101p\u0113c SARS-CoV-2 v\u012bruss var saist\u012bties ar da\u017eu sugu ACE2, bet ne ar citu sugu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kad v\u012brusa smailes prote\u012bns ir savienots ar ACE2, v\u012bruss iek\u013c\u016bst \u0161\u016bn\u0101 un s\u0101k izmantot saimnieka \u0161\u016bnas meh\u0101nismu, lai vairotos, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di izraisot infekciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di, lab\u0101k izprotot AKE2 receptoru, noteikti var\u0113tu prec\u012bz\u0101k izskaidrot, k\u0101p\u0113c da\u017eas dz\u012bvnieku sugas ir uz\u0146\u0113m\u012bgas pret infekcij\u0101m, bet citas - ne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Turkl\u0101t tas pal\u012bdz\u0113tu zin\u0101tniekiem ar\u012b z\u0101\u013cu izstr\u0101d\u0113, piem\u0113rojot pretv\u012brusu strat\u0113\u0123ijas, piem\u0113ram, izgatavojot viltus sl\u0113dzenes, pie kur\u0101m v\u012bruss var piesl\u0113gties, nevis saimnieka faktisko sl\u0113dzeni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0101 ar\u012b, lai lab\u0101k izsekotu saimniekdz\u012bvniekus, kas ir starpposma dz\u012bvnieki v\u012brusa infekcijas gad\u012bjum\u0101 n\u0101kotn\u0113. <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u0101p\u0113c ACE2 tr\u012bsdimensiju strukt\u016bras un t\u0101s mijiedarb\u012bbas raksturo\u0161ana atomu l\u012bmen\u012b, izmantojot skait\u013co\u0161anas model\u0113\u0161anu, bija m\u0113r\u0137is. Rodriges un kol\u0113\u0123i<\/a> darbs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0160\u0101da veida raksturojo\u0161ie p\u0113t\u012bjumi ir eksperiment\u0101li d\u0101rgi un nav piem\u0113rojami lielos m\u0113rogos, jo ir gr\u016bti ieg\u016bt p\u0101rliecino\u0161us datus, savuk\u0101rt skait\u013co\u0161anas model\u0113\u0161ana ir \u0101tra un l\u0113ta, un t\u0101 ir \u013coti noder\u012bga, lai aizpild\u012btu da\u017eas nepiln\u012bbas struktur\u0101l\u0101s strukt\u016bras zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 tika analiz\u0113tas 28 dz\u012bvnieku sugas, izveidojot ACE2 3D modeli, kas savienots ar v\u012brusa smailes prote\u012bnu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Rezult\u0101ti par\u0101d\u012bja, ka ACE2 aminosk\u0101bju sekvenc\u0113 ir galven\u0101s vietas, kur mut\u0101ciju d\u0113\u013c v\u012brusa prote\u012bns nevar\u0113ja saist\u012bties ar saimnieka \u0161\u016bnu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Konkr\u0113ti, ACE2 sekvenc\u0113 tr\u016bkst vienas aminosk\u0101bes, kas ir atbild\u012bga par starpmolekul\u0101ro s\u0101ls tilti\u0146u, kas nov\u0113rots starp ACE2 un v\u012brusa prote\u012bna saist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s vietu, k\u0101 zi\u0146oja Rodriges un vi\u0146a komanda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0160o rezult\u0101tu apstiprina citi public\u0113tie p\u0113t\u012bjumi, kuros eksperiment\u0101li pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka \u0161\u012b mutanta tr\u016bkums ir negat\u012bvi l\u0101d\u0113tas aminosk\u0101bes tr\u016bkums, kas \u013cauj v\u012brusa prote\u012bnam saist\u012bties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 ar\u012b nor\u0101d\u012bts, ka SARS-CoV-2 infekcija ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101ka, nek\u0101 uzskat\u012bts iepriek\u0161, un tai ir vair\u0101k nek\u0101 viens saimnieka infic\u0113\u0161an\u0101s veids. <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u0101p\u0113c ir svar\u012bgi preciz\u0113t, ka ACE2 pieejam\u012bbas samazin\u0101\u0161ana var samazin\u0101t infekcijas iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu, tom\u0113r tas nenov\u0113r\u0161 infekcijas ra\u0161anos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Un ka apr\u0113\u0137inu mode\u013cus nevar izmantot vien, lai prognoz\u0113tu sugu infic\u0113\u0161an\u0101s riskus - lai ieg\u016btu ticam\u0101kus secin\u0101jumus, ir nepiecie\u0161ami papildu eksperiment\u0101li dati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u0101p\u0113c, manupr\u0101t, mums j\u0101turpina iev\u0113rot pand\u0113mijas protokolus un j\u0101dara tas, ko jau esam dar\u012bju\u0161i... j\u0101lieto maskas, p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas j\u0101iev\u0113ro soci\u0101l\u0101 distance, neejot uz iek\u0161telp\u0101m un p\u0101rpild\u012bt\u0101m telp\u0101m, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu savu dro\u0161\u012bbu un jo \u012bpa\u0161i m\u016bsu m\u012b\u013coto m\u0101jdz\u012bvnieku, m\u016bsu pa\u0161u un m\u016bsu \u0123imenes dro\u0161\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n \u0160is p\u016bkainais ka\u0137is ir tik skaists, vai ne? \u0160o un daudzas citas dz\u012bvnieku ilustr\u0101cijas var atrast Mind the Graph platform\u0101. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Veterin\u0101rija<\/a>, ornitolo\u0123ija<\/a>, entomolo\u0123ija<\/a>, un zoolo\u0123ija<\/a> platform\u0101 ir pieejamas ar\u012b ilustr\u0101cijas, ko var izmantot infografik\u0101. S\u0101ciet izmantot Mind the Graph tie\u0161i tagad<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" J\u0101, diem\u017e\u0113l ar\u012b j\u016bsu m\u0101jdz\u012bvniekam ir risks saslimt ar COVID-19. T\u0101pat k\u0101 m\u0113s esam uz\u0146\u0113m\u012bgi pret SARS-CoV-2 v\u012brusa infekciju, ar\u012b da\u017eas dz\u012bvnieku sugas ir uz\u0146\u0113m\u012bgas pret to. T\u0101 k\u0101 dz\u012bvniekiem ir l\u012bdz\u012bgas \u0161\u016bnu virsmas olbaltumvielu struktur\u0101l\u0101s iez\u012bmes, k\u0101das ir cilv\u0113kiem. \u012apa\u0161a olbaltumviela darbojas k\u0101 sl\u0113dzenes un atsl\u0113gas sist\u0113ma, atsl\u0113ga ir v\u012bruss, un t\u0101 [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12241,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[389,647,554],"yoast_head":"\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/pangolin-illustration.png\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/orthologs-genes.png\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fluffy-cat-illustration-by-mind-the-graph.png\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n