{"id":12225,"date":"2021-02-01T10:50:46","date_gmt":"2021-02-01T12:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12225"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:44:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:44:23","slug":"agroforestry-vs-monoculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/agromezsaimnieciba-un-monokultura\/","title":{"rendered":"Kas ir agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bba un k\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 ir lab\u0101ka par monokult\u016bru?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lauksaimnieki un lauksaimnieki ir izmantoju\u0161i monokult\u016bru k\u0101 galveno p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161anas veidu, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu p\u0101rtiku nep\u0101rtraukti augo\u0161ajam iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaitam. \u0160is ra\u017eo\u0161anas veids ir rad\u012bjis ne vienu, bet vair\u0101kas probl\u0113mas plan\u0113tai. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da\u017ei piem\u0113ri ir augsnes bar\u012bbas vielu zudums, augsnes degrad\u0101cija un me\u017eu ugunsgr\u0113ki, un tas viss notiek t\u0101p\u0113c, ka m\u016bsu plan\u0113tas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaits arvien pieaug un katru dienu pieprasa vair\u0101k p\u0101rtikas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113d\u0113jo tr\u012bsdesmit gadu laik\u0101 da\u017e\u0101s Braz\u012blijas viet\u0101s ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ta jauna metode. Lauksaimnieki vairs neizv\u0113las monokult\u016bru audz\u0113\u0161anu, t\u0101 viet\u0101 vi\u0146i izv\u0113las citu ra\u017eo\u0161anas veidu, ko sauc par agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bbu jeb sintropisko lauksaimniec\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ernsts G\u0113\u010ds (Ernst G\u00f6tsch) ir pionieris, kur\u0161 pirms trim desmitgad\u0113m aizs\u0101ka \u0161o metodolo\u0123iju. Ernsts ir \u0161veicie\u0161u agronoms, p\u0113tnieks, kur\u0161 ir paz\u012bstams ar to, ka idealiz\u0113ja un izplat\u012bja agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bbu Braz\u012blijas zieme\u013caustrumu Bahijas \u0161tat\u0101, bet v\u0113l\u0101k ar\u012b vis\u0101 valst\u012b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0113\u010ds daudzus gadus bija str\u0101d\u0101jis ar \u0123en\u0113tisko uzlabo\u0161anu, ta\u010du ar laiku vi\u0146\u0161 s\u0101ka sev uzdot jaut\u0101jumu, vai patie\u0161\u0101m ir pamatoti \u0123en\u0113tiski modific\u0113t augu, lai tas izdz\u012bvotu da\u017e\u0101dos scen\u0101rijos un vid\u0113, k\u0101 tas m\u016bsdien\u0101s tiek dar\u012bts monokult\u016br\u0101s.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101 viet\u0101 G\u0113\u010ds nol\u0113ma uzlabot augkop\u012bbu bag\u0101t\u0101k\u0101 vid\u0113. Ernsts p\u0101rveidoja vienu degrad\u0113tu teritoriju 500 hekt\u0101ru plat\u012bb\u0101 par ra\u017e\u012bgu tropu me\u017eu Bahijas \u0161tat\u0101.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161ana nav vien\u012bgais agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bbas metodes m\u0113r\u0137is, t\u0101 ir ar\u012b \u013coti noder\u012bgs instruments degrad\u0113to plat\u012bbu atjauno\u0161anai, lai atgrieztu augsnei t\u0101s produkt\u012bv\u0101s sp\u0113jas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160o metodi raksturo vides organiz\u0101cija, integr\u0101cija, l\u012bdzsvars un ener\u0123ijas saglab\u0101\u0161ana, kas \u013cauj ekosist\u0113mai darboties dabisk\u0101 konfigur\u0101cij\u0101. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praks\u0113 augi tiek audz\u0113ti me\u017ea form\u0101t\u0101, sajaukti ar da\u017e\u0101da lieluma un \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu augiem, kas atrodas viens otram blakus. \u0160\u0101da izvietojuma d\u0113\u013c ekosist\u0113ma s\u0101k dz\u012bvot un augt siner\u0123iski, daloties bar\u012bbas viel\u0101s, \u016bden\u012b un aizsarg\u0101jot viena otru no s\u0113rgas. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 maza ekosist\u0113ma p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161as par lielu me\u017eu, kur\u0101 viss ir savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012bts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bez lauksaimniekiem nav p\u0101rtikas, lauksaimnieka profesija netiek veicin\u0101ta skol\u0101s, pat ne \u0123imen\u0113, jo t\u0101 ir smaga dz\u012bve, augsne, kas \u0101tri degrad\u0113jas, jo lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101 tiek nodarbin\u0101ta, ar katru gadu k\u013c\u016bst slikt\u0101k. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bet viet\u0101, kur ar katru gadu situ\u0101cija uzlabojas, veidojas sava veida izaugsmes spir\u0101le,\" st\u0101sta Mar\u0161a Hanzi, sal\u012bdzinot monokult\u016bru un agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bbu. Mar\u0161a ir zieme\u013camerik\u0101niete, kas dz\u012bvo Mariz\u0101, Bahijas \u0161tat\u0101, Braz\u012blij\u0101. Vi\u0146a ir atbild\u012bga par saimniec\u012bbu Epicentro.<\/a>, plat\u012bbu, ko vi\u0146a un vi\u0146as kol\u0113\u0123i veiksm\u012bgi atjaunoja, izmantojot agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bbu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saimniec\u012bbas augsne no smil\u0161ainas k\u013cuva par bag\u0101tu un \u013coti ra\u017e\u012bgu augsni, kas liecina, ka lauksaimniekiem un lauksaimniekiem b\u016btu j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 vair\u0101k uzman\u012bbas agrome\u017eiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monokult\u016bru audz\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101 augsne degrad\u0113jas, zaud\u0113jot bar\u012bbas vielas, turkl\u0101t tiek izmantoti pestic\u012bdi un \u0137\u012bmiskie m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ci, kas ar\u012b ietekm\u0113 augsnes kvalit\u0101ti, padarot to sliktu un apgr\u016btinot t\u0101s atjauno\u0161anos katru sezonu.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

No otras puses, agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bba neizmanto pestic\u012bdus vai citas \u0137imik\u0101lijas, un tai ir pret\u0113js efekts nek\u0101 monokult\u016br\u0101m, augsne k\u013c\u016bst \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi bag\u0101ta ar katru jaunu ra\u017eu, jo taj\u0101 ir pieejamas atliku\u0161\u0101s organisk\u0101s vielas - tas palielina oglek\u013ca daudzumu augsnes virsk\u0101rt\u0101, augos un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di ar\u012b vid\u0113. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 veidojas \u016bdens cikls, kas \u013cauj ekosist\u0113mai veidot pa\u0161pietiekamu \u016bdens ra\u017eo\u0161anu, nevis tikai to pat\u0113r\u0113t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tas viss palielina biolo\u0123isko daudzveid\u012bbu, augsn\u0113 saglab\u0101jas vair\u0101k bar\u012bbas vielu, main\u0101s mikroklimats un palielin\u0101s relat\u012bvais mitrums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bbas galvenie m\u0113r\u0137i ir \u0161\u0101di: rad\u012bt vair\u0101k dz\u012bv\u012bbas, liel\u0101ku augsnes augl\u012bbu un dabiski augo\u0161u vidi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozit\u012bv\u0101ki iemesli agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bbas ievie\u0161anai ir \u0161\u0101di:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas un uztur\u0113\u0161anas izmaksu samazin\u0101\u0161ana<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Lauksaimnieku \u0123ime\u0146u ien\u0101kumu palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- P\u0101rtikas kvalit\u0101tes uzlabo\u0161ana,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Samazin\u0101t augsnes eroziju<\/p>\n\n\n\n

un, k\u0101 jau min\u0113ts iepriek\u0161,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Degrad\u0113to teritoriju atjauno\u0161ana.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Henrike Souza, braz\u012blie\u0161u agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bbas lauksaimnieks, Ernsta draugs no Bahijas (Braz\u012blija), ir v\u0113l viena veiksm\u012bga agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bbas saimniec\u012bbas piem\u0113ra \u012bpa\u0161nieks.<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dokument\u0101laj\u0101 film\u0101 ar nosaukumu Dabas gr\u0101mata<\/a> vi\u0146\u0161 skaidro, ka \"sintrofisk\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba ir pretstats entropijai, kas ar laiku iztuk\u0161o augsni, k\u013c\u016bst tuk\u0161a no bar\u012bbas viel\u0101m, un sintrofiskaj\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101, jo vair\u0101k j\u016bs str\u0101d\u0101jat, att\u012bst\u0101t un saist\u0101t sevi ar \u0161iem resursiem, \u0161ie resursi aug un k\u013c\u016bst arvien liel\u0101ki, pieaugot visos aspektos\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ir pien\u0101cis laiks s\u0101kt praktiz\u0113t alternat\u012bvus dz\u012bvesveidus, kas nerada kait\u0113jumu vai pies\u0101r\u0146ojumu m\u016bsu plan\u0113tai. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monokult\u016bra nav ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgs ra\u017eo\u0161anas veids ilgtermi\u0146\u0101, t\u0101 pat\u0113r\u0113 daudz augsnes resursu, neatdodot tos atpaka\u013c, un atst\u0101j aiz sevis nabadz\u012bgu vidi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101p\u0113c agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bba bag\u0101tina ne tikai augsni, bet ar\u012b visu ekosist\u0113mu, turkl\u0101t pal\u012bdz nabadz\u012bgai videi atjaunoties un atkal k\u013c\u016bt produkt\u012bvai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bba, \u0161\u012b jaun\u0101 pieeja - dabas iedvesmota metodolo\u0123ija - var b\u016bt svar\u012bgs solis, lai mazin\u0101tu t\u0101das probl\u0113mas k\u0101 klimata p\u0101rmai\u0146as, augsnes degrad\u0101cija un transg\u0113n\u0101s kult\u016bras, pied\u0101v\u0101jot un radot pozit\u012bv\u0101ku ietekmi glob\u0101l\u0101 m\u0113rog\u0101. Katra diena ir p\u0101rmai\u0146u diena. T\u0101p\u0113c s\u0101ksim tagad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izmantojot Mind the Graph platformas r\u012bkus, varat izveidot jebkuru infografiku, kas ien\u0101k pr\u0101t\u0101. M\u0113s p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161am zin\u0101tniekus par dizaineriem, lai palielin\u0101tu vi\u0146u ietekmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u016bs, zin\u0101tnieks, kas str\u0101d\u0101 ar bot\u0101nika<\/a>, uzturs<\/a>, entomolo\u0123ija<\/a>vai Zemes zin\u0101tnes<\/a>, platform\u0101 ir pieejamas gatavas ilustr\u0101cijas, ko varat izmantot sav\u0101 darb\u0101. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ar skaist\u0101m un prec\u012bz\u0101m ilustr\u0101cij\u0101m varat palielin\u0101t sava dokumenta vai prezent\u0101cijas ietekmi un uzlabot savu darbu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja v\u0113l neesat lietot\u0101js, varat s\u0101kt bezmaksas izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101juma versiju. tie\u0161i tagad<\/a>! Pievienojieties mums Mind the Graph.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lauksaimnieki un lauksaimnieki ir izmantoju\u0161i monokult\u016bru k\u0101 galveno p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161anas veidu, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu p\u0101rtiku nep\u0101rtraukti augo\u0161ajam iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaitam. \u0160is ra\u017eo\u0161anas veids ir rad\u012bjis ne vienu, bet vair\u0101kas probl\u0113mas plan\u0113tai. Da\u017ei piem\u0113ri ir augsnes bar\u012bbas vielu zudums, augsnes degrad\u0101cija un me\u017eu ugunsgr\u0113ki, un tas viss ir saist\u012bts ar to, ka m\u016bsu plan\u0113tas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaits arvien pieaug, un [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66,959,958],"tags":[824,51,825,554],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is Agroforestry and Why It is Better Than Monoculture - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"People often compare agroforestry and monoculture. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. Connect with him on LinkedIn - Fabricio Pamplona.","sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabriciopamplona"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/author\/fabricio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12225"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26039,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225\/revisions\/26039"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}