{"id":12051,"date":"2020-12-23T11:11:39","date_gmt":"2020-12-23T13:11:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12051"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:32:04","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:32:04","slug":"nerve-impulses-the-action-potential","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/nervu-impulsi-darbibas-potencials\/","title":{"rendered":"Nervu impulsi 1. DA\u013bA - Darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101ls"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lai saprastu, k\u0101 darbojas neirons, ir divi j\u0113dzieni, kas mums j\u0101apl\u016bko. Pirmais ir saist\u012bts ar to, kas notiek neirona iek\u0161ien\u0113, kad inform\u0101cija p\u0101riet uz priek\u0161u, - darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101ls, bet otrais ir tas, k\u0101 inform\u0101cija p\u0101riet no vienas \u0161\u016bnas uz citu, - sinapses. Pateicoties \u0161iem diviem procesiem, nervu sist\u0113mas \u0161\u016bnas sp\u0113j nest sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101ko inform\u0101ciju pa visu \u0137ermeni, p\u0101rvietojot to no neirona uz neironu, l\u012bdz beidzot sasniedz m\u0113r\u0137a \u0161\u016bnu. \u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 m\u0113s apl\u016bkosim pirmo j\u0113dzienu, t. i., siner\u0123iju. darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101ls<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nervu impulss ir elektro\u0137\u012bmisks sign\u0101ls; tas ir galvenais meh\u0101nisms, ko izmanto, lai p\u0101rnestu inform\u0101ciju neirona iek\u0161ien\u0113. Da\u017eu neironu dendr\u012bti konstat\u0113 un sa\u0146em impulsu no iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s \u0161\u016bnas, nervu impulss ce\u013co no \u0161\u016bnas uz \u0161\u016bnas un no t\u0101s uz \u0161\u016bnas. dendr\u012bti <\/strong>uz kodols <\/strong>nek\u0101 uz Aksons<\/strong>, un visbeidzot uz aksona termin\u0101ls<\/strong> kad impulss tiek nodots n\u0101kamajam neironam. \u0160is process turpin\u0101s <\/strong>atk\u0101rtoti, l\u012bdz sasniedz m\u0113r\u0137a \u0161\u016bnu.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Elektro\u0137\u012bmiskais sign\u0101ls rodas jonu kust\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c starp neirona plazmas membr\u0101nas iek\u0161\u0113jo un \u0101r\u0113jo da\u013cu. Joni p\u0101rvietojas no \u0101rpuses uz iek\u0161pusi, radot potenci\u0101lu starp\u012bbu membr\u0101n\u0101. \"Tilts\", pa kuru \u0161ie joni nok\u013c\u016bst \u0161\u016bn\u0101s, ir transmembr\u0101na olbaltumviela, ko sauc par sprieguma vad\u012bti jonu kan\u0101li<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160os sprieguma kan\u0101lus kontrol\u0113 elektriskais spriegums k\u0101 atbildes reakciju uz elektriskajiem stimuliem, citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, \u0161ie kan\u0101li nav vienm\u0113r atv\u0113rti jonu caurvadei, tie atveras un aizveras tikai da\u017eu elektrisk\u0101 sprieguma stimulu ietekm\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Kad \u0161\u016bna nav pak\u013cauta stimuliem, kad membr\u0101na ir miera st\u0101vokl\u012b, starp neirona iek\u0161\u0113jo un \u0101r\u0113jo da\u013cu saglab\u0101jas potenci\u0101lu starp\u012bba. Membr\u0101nas potenci\u0101ls miera st\u0101vokl\u012b ir -70 mV, t. i., negat\u012bvs potenci\u0101ls, bet \u0101rpus\u0113 ir pozit\u012bvs potenci\u0101ls. \u0160o potenci\u0101lu starp\u012bbu sauc par miera membr\u0101nas potenci\u0101ls, <\/strong>un to uztur galvenok\u0101rt n\u0101trija un k\u0101lija joni, izmantojot n\u0101trija-k\u0101lija s\u016bkni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elektrisk\u0101 sprieguma ietekm\u0113 membr\u0101nas potenci\u0101lu starp\u012bba s\u0101k invert\u0113ties, atveras n\u0101trija kan\u0101li, \u013caujot daudziem n\u0101trija joniem iek\u013c\u016bt \u0161\u016bn\u0101, uz br\u012bdi p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161ot membr\u0101nu depolariz\u0113ts<\/strong>vai, lab\u0101k, n\u0101trija joni p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161 membr\u0101nas iek\u0161\u0113jo da\u013cu par pozit\u012bvu t\u012bklu. \u0160\u012b depolariz\u0101cijas kust\u012bba ir slaven\u0101 darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101ls<\/strong>; membr\u0101nas potenci\u0101ls strauji palielin\u0101s un samazin\u0101s. Potenci\u0101ls paaugstin\u0101s l\u012bdz +40 mV nedaudz vair\u0101k nek\u0101 2 milisekund\u0113s un atgrie\u017eas miera st\u0101vokl\u012b maz\u0101k nek\u0101 3 milisekund\u0113s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101ls nenotiek vis\u0101 neiron\u0101 uzreiz, membr\u0101nas depolariz\u0101cija s\u0101kas dendritos un p\u0113c tam pa da\u013c\u0101m non\u0101k kodol\u0101, depolariz\u0113joties un dr\u012bz p\u0113c tam atgrie\u017eoties miera st\u0101vokl\u012b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lai atjaunotu membr\u0101nas miera potenci\u0101lu, n\u0101trija kan\u0101li aizveras un atveras ar spriegumu saist\u012btie k\u0101lija kan\u0101li, \u013caujot k\u0101lija joniem iek\u013c\u016bt \u0161\u016bnas iek\u0161ien\u0113, repolariz\u0113jot membr\u0101nu, membr\u0101nas iek\u0161\u0113jai da\u013cai atkal k\u013c\u016bstot negat\u012bvi l\u0101d\u0113tai, bet \u0101r\u0113jai da\u013cai - pozit\u012bvai. N\u0101trija-k\u0101lija s\u016bknis pal\u012bdz atjaunot pareizo katra jona daudzumu \u0161\u016bn\u0101, izlai\u017eot tr\u012bs n\u0101trija jonus uz katriem diviem k\u0101lija joniem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To varam izt\u0113loties k\u0101 sinhroniz\u0113tu kust\u012bbu no darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101la reakcijas br\u012b\u017ea l\u012bdz miera st\u0101vok\u013ca atjauno\u0161anas br\u012bdim.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Interesanti, ka, lai gan akson\u0101 ir sprieguma vad\u012bti jonu kan\u0101li, kas \u0123ener\u0113 un izplata nervu impulsu, dendr\u012btos \u0161\u0101du kan\u0101lu nav. \u0160ajos neironu re\u0123ionos sign\u0101ls tiek p\u0101rraid\u012bts nevis ar darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101lu, bet gan ar a nov\u0113rt\u0113ts potenci\u0101ls, <\/strong>a <\/strong>at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgs sign\u0101la izplat\u012b\u0161an\u0101s veids, kur\u0101 sign\u0101la skala pa ce\u013cam palielin\u0101s, l\u012bdz p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161as par aksona darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0145emiet v\u0113r\u0101, ka n\u0101trija jons ir atbild\u012bgs par darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101la izplat\u012b\u0161anos, bet k\u0101lija - par miera st\u0101vok\u013ca atjauno\u0161anu. \u0160o jonu tr\u016bkums organism\u0101 var rad\u012bt probl\u0113mas ar darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101la kvalit\u0101ti un efektivit\u0101ti, kas noz\u012bm\u0113 probl\u0113mas sinaps\u0113s un inform\u0101cijas caurvadi nervu sist\u0113m\u0101. Visas \u0161\u012bs probl\u0113mas var izrais\u012bt gar\u012bg\u0101s vesel\u012bbas sare\u017e\u0123\u012bjumus un slim\u012bbas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0101kamais solis b\u016bs nervu impulsa p\u0101rne\u0161ana uz n\u0101kamo neironu. Telp\u0101 starp diviem neironiem, sinaptisk\u0101 plais\u0101, notiek kas cits. Sinaptiskais \u0161\u0137\u0113lums ir \u013coti svar\u012bga vieta, ko apl\u016bkot un p\u0113t\u012bt, jo taj\u0101 iedarbojas daudzi da\u017e\u0101di neirotransmiteri, aktiviz\u0113jot jaunu signaliz\u0101cijas ce\u013cu, izmantojot receptorus, citas olbaltumvielas un jonus, ne tikai n\u0101trija un k\u0101lija. Bet to m\u0113s atst\u0101sim n\u0101kamajam raksta apskatam. Nervu impulss 2. DA\u013bA - Sinaptiskais \u0161\u0137\u0113lums<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai jums patika \u0161aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 iek\u013caut\u0101s infografikas? J\u016bs varat izmantot Mind the Graph un izveidot \u0161\u0101dus informat\u012bvus att\u0113lus. Ieg\u016bstiet Mind the Graph<\/a> un apl\u016bkojiet ilustr\u0101ciju galerija<\/a>, ir pieejams neirolo\u0123ija<\/a> un bio\u0137\u012bmija<\/a> ilustr\u0101cijas, un, ja jums ir nepiecie\u0161ama pal\u012bdz\u012bba, l\u016bdzu. sazinieties ar mums<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lai saprastu, k\u0101 darbojas neirons, ir divi j\u0113dzieni, kas mums j\u0101apl\u016bko. Pirmais ir saist\u012bts ar to, kas notiek neirona iek\u0161ien\u0113, kad inform\u0101cija p\u0101riet uz priek\u0161u - darb\u012bbas potenci\u0101ls, bet otrais ir par to, k\u0101 inform\u0101cija p\u0101riet no vienas \u0161\u016bnas uz citu - [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12055,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959],"tags":[812,813],"yoast_head":"\nNerve Impulses PART 1 \u2013 The Action Potential - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"It's a deep dive into nerve impulses. 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