{"id":11793,"date":"2020-10-15T05:06:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T08:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11793"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"nobel-prize-2020-for-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/nobela-premija-2020-medicinai\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobela pr\u0113mija medic\u012bn\u0101 2020 - C hepat\u012bta atkl\u0101\u0161ana, diagnostika un \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana"},"content":{"rendered":"

2020. gada 5. oktobr\u012b Stokholm\u0101 vien\u0101 no gada noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kajiem pasaules zin\u0101tnes notikumiem Nobela pr\u0113miju fiziolo\u0123ij\u0101 vai medic\u012bn\u0101 sa\u0146\u0113ma virusologu un bio\u0137\u012bmi\u0137u grupa par C hepat\u012bta v\u012brusa atkl\u0101\u0161anu. H\u0101rvijam Alteram, Maiklam Houtonam un \u010c\u0101rlzam R\u012bsam Nobela pr\u0113mija pie\u0161\u0137irta kop\u012bgi par slim\u012bbas izrais\u012bt\u0101ja atkl\u0101\u0161anu un slim\u012bbas \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas ce\u013ca atra\u0161anu. Nobela asamblejas locek\u013ci Karolinskas instit\u016bt\u0101 nevar\u0113ja attur\u0113ties, sakot, ka \u0161is atkl\u0101jums ir cer\u012bba izskaust no pasaules hepat\u012btu, kas rodas no asin\u012bm.<\/span><\/p>\n

2020. gada 5. oktobr\u012b Stokholm\u0101 vien\u0101 no gada noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kajiem pasaules zin\u0101tnes notikumiem Nobela pr\u0113miju fiziolo\u0123ij\u0101 vai medic\u012bn\u0101 sa\u0146\u0113ma virusologu un bio\u0137\u012bmi\u0137u grupa par C hepat\u012bta v\u012brusa atkl\u0101\u0161anu. H\u0101rvijam Alteram, Maiklam Houtonam un \u010c\u0101rlzam R\u012bsam Nobela pr\u0113mija pie\u0161\u0137irta kop\u012bgi par slim\u012bbas izrais\u012bt\u0101ja atkl\u0101\u0161anu un slim\u012bbas \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas ce\u013ca atra\u0161anu. Nobela asamblejas locek\u013ci Karolinskas instit\u016bt\u0101 nevar\u0113ja attur\u0113ties, sakot, ka \u0161is atkl\u0101jums ir cer\u012bba izskaust no pasaules hepat\u012btu, kas rodas no asin\u012bm.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kas ir hepat\u012bts?<\/b><\/h2>\n

V\u0101rds hepat\u012bts c\u0113lies no grie\u0137u valodas v\u0101rda \"Hepar\", kas apz\u012bm\u0113 aknas. Hepat\u012bts ir medic\u012bnisks st\u0101voklis, kad cilv\u0113ka aknas ir iekaisu\u0161as vai nu intoksik\u0101cijas, vai v\u012brusu infekcijas d\u0113\u013c. Hepat\u012bta slim\u012bbu raksturo dzelte, ciroze, drudzis un aknu palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s. No hepat\u012btu izraiso\u0161ajiem infekcijas izrais\u012bt\u0101jiem A hepat\u012bta v\u012bruss tiek p\u0101rnests ar infic\u0113tu \u016bdeni, savuk\u0101rt B un C hepat\u012bta v\u012bruss tiek p\u0101rnests ar asin\u012bm un \u0137erme\u0146a \u0161\u0137idrumiem.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0101 tas tika atkl\u0101ts?<\/b><\/h2>\n

P\u0113c B hepat\u012bta atkl\u0101\u0161anas Alters un vi\u0146a komanda bija nov\u0113roju\u0161i vair\u0101kas neizskaidrojamas aknu infekcijas un hronisku hepat\u012btu p\u0113c asins p\u0101rlie\u0161anas. Turpm\u0101kajos p\u0113t\u012bjumos vi\u0146i pier\u0101d\u012bja divus galvenos faktus: pirmk\u0101rt, nezin\u0101mais infekcijas ierosin\u0101t\u0101js var\u0113ja p\u0101rnest slim\u012bbu uz \u0161impanz\u0113m, un, otrk\u0101rt, infekcijas ierosin\u0101t\u0101jam bija v\u012brusam rakstur\u012bgas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, bet ne t\u0101das k\u0101 A vai B hepat\u012btam. Altera ieguld\u012bjums virusolo\u0123ijas jom\u0101 kalpoja k\u0101 gaisma tum\u0161aj\u0101 v\u0113trainaj\u0101 aknu infekciju gad\u012bjumu nakt\u012b. Tom\u0113r v\u012bruss netika identific\u0113ts, ne ar\u012b raksturots k\u0101d\u0101 v\u012brusu saim\u0113 un klasific\u0113ts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ieguld\u012bjumi identifik\u0101cijai un izskau\u0161anas ce\u013cam<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 augsto saslimst\u012bbu un mirst\u012bbu, gadu gait\u0101 p\u0113tnieki cent\u0101s identific\u0113t \"nezin\u0101m\u0101\" hepat\u012bta, piem\u0113ram, v\u012brusa, izrais\u012bt\u0101ju un raksturot to. P\u0113c visu tradicion\u0101lo meto\u017eu izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101\u0161anas un neveiksm\u0113m, pateicoties Houghtona inovat\u012bvajai pieejai Chiron pharmaceuticals, vi\u0146i var\u0113ja identific\u0113t un klon\u0113t DNS fragmentus, kas atbild\u012bgi par v\u012brusa prote\u012bna veido\u0161anos. P\u0113c sare\u017e\u0123\u012btas DNS bibliot\u0113kas sagatavo\u0161anas un klona mekl\u0113\u0161anas Houghton un vi\u0146a komanda beidzot var\u0113ja noteikt l\u012bdz\u012bbu ar Flaviviridae dzimtas v\u012brusiem un nosauca to par C hepat\u012bta v\u012brusu. Vi\u0146u p\u0113t\u012bjums sniedza ar\u012b testa proced\u016bru, lai identific\u0113tu ierosin\u0101t\u0101ju ar noteiktaj\u0101m antiviel\u0101m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Gal\u012bgais pier\u0101d\u012bjums tam, ka C hepat\u012bts var\u0113tu b\u016bt vien\u012bgais atbild\u012bgais ierosin\u0101t\u0101js, kas izraisa aknu infekciju, bija Va\u0161ingtonas Universit\u0101tes Sentluisas Sentluis\u0101 (Sentluisas \u0161tata Va\u0161ingtonas universit\u0101t\u0113) veikto Raisa p\u0113t\u012bjumu rezult\u0101ts. Izmantojot rekombinant\u0101s DNS tehnolo\u0123iju, Raiss un vi\u0146a komanda rad\u012bja C hepat\u012bta v\u012brusa genoma vari\u0101ciju, kur\u0101 nebija inaktiv\u0113jo\u0161u sekven\u010du, un injic\u0113ja to prim\u0101tiem. Rezult\u0101ti liecin\u0101ja, ka \u0161ie varianti var izrais\u012bt hronisku aknu slim\u012bbu un atspogu\u013coja visas patolo\u0123isk\u0101s izmai\u0146as. Pateicoties vis\u0101m jaunatkl\u0101taj\u0101m sekvenc\u0113m un inaktiv\u0113jo\u0161ajiem re\u0123ioniem, vi\u0146i deva cer\u012bbu rad\u012bt piem\u0113rotu terapeitisku l\u012bdzekli pret C hepat\u012bta v\u012brusu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Atkl\u0101juma ietekme<\/b><\/h2>\n

COVID-19 pand\u0113mijas d\u0113\u013c pasaule ir k\u013cuvusi par kara fronti. L\u012bdz ar pretv\u012brusu z\u0101\u013cu atkl\u0101\u0161anu, to diagnostikas un identifik\u0101cijas atkl\u0101jumiem C hepat\u012bta un ar to saist\u012btie sasniegumi ir iev\u0113rojams solis virusolo\u0123ijas un medic\u012bnas jom\u0101. Pasaules Vesel\u012bbas organiz\u0101cija ir izvirz\u012bjusi m\u0113r\u0137i desmit gadu laik\u0101 izskaust C hepat\u012bta v\u012brusu. \u0160ie atkl\u0101jumi ir pak\u0101pieni ce\u013c\u0101 uz \u0161o m\u0113r\u0137i. Tom\u0113r v\u0113l ir probl\u0113mas, kas j\u0101p\u0101rvar, un vakc\u012bna v\u0113l ir j\u0101izstr\u0101d\u0101, ta\u010du ir par\u0101d\u012bjies cer\u012bbu stari\u0146\u0161, proti, slim\u012bbas atkl\u0101\u0161anas un \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bmi c\u012b\u0146ai ar \u0161o slim\u012bbu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mind the Graph komanda apsveic zin\u0101tnieku trio, universit\u0101tes un vi\u0146u grupas ar sasniegumiem! Desmitiem gadu desmitu ilgs p\u0113t\u012bjums un smags darbs ir devis cilv\u0113cei jaunu ce\u013cu n\u0101v\u0113jo\u0161as v\u012brusu slim\u012bbas apkaro\u0161anai.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nNobel Prize in Medicine 2020 - Diagnosis and Cure of Hepatitis C<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The recent findings in Hepatitis C have been acclaimed for the Nobel Prize in 2020 in Chemistry. 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