{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/crispr-duo-iegust-nobela-premiju-2020-par-kimiju\/","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR DUO p\u0101rsteidz: Nobela pr\u0113mija 2020. gad\u0101 \u0137\u012bmij\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"

Precizit\u0101te ir zin\u0101tnieka paz\u012bme. Emmanuelle Charpentier un Jennifer Doudna atkl\u0101ja revolucion\u0101ro g\u0113nu tehnolo\u0123iju r\u012bku CRISPR\/Cas9, \"\u0123en\u0113tisk\u0101s \u0161\u0137\u0113res\". \u0160\u012b dz\u012bvi maino\u0161\u0101 r\u012bka pionieres Emmanuelle Charpentier un Jennifer Doudna ir apbalvotas ar Nobela pr\u0113miju \u0137\u012bmij\u0101 2020. gad\u0101. Vi\u0146u izgudrojums 2012. gad\u0101 \u013c\u0101va veikt neskait\u0101mus atkl\u0101jumus t\u0101d\u0101s svar\u012bg\u0101s jom\u0101s k\u0101 v\u0113\u017ea p\u0113tniec\u012bba, augu p\u0113tniec\u012bba un iedzimtu slim\u012bbu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu atra\u0161ana. CRISPR\/Cas9 r\u012bks ir atvieglojis \u0123en\u0113tisko sekven\u010du redi\u0123\u0113\u0161anu prec\u012bz\u0101 viet\u0101 \u012bs\u0101k\u0101 laik\u0101. To atkl\u0101jums ir main\u012bjis skat\u012bjumu uz dz\u012bv\u012bbas zin\u0101tn\u0113m. Tas ir atsp\u0113riena punkts jaunai \u0113rai \u0123en\u0113tik\u0101, kas nes\u012bs labumu dz\u012bvajiem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kas ir CRISPR\/Cas9 un k\u0101 tas tika atkl\u0101ts?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9 ir g\u0113nu redi\u0123\u0113\u0161anas r\u012bks, ko izmanto, lai nogrieztu DNS sekvenci prec\u012bzi vajadz\u012bgaj\u0101 viet\u0101. CRISPR noz\u012bm\u0113 Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, bet Cas9 ir enz\u012bms, kas pal\u012bdz nogriezt sekvenci. CRISPR ir divas galven\u0101s iez\u012bmes - nukleot\u012bdu atk\u0101rtojumi un atstarpes. Parasti CRISPR nukleot\u012bdu sekvences darbojas k\u0101 \u0161ablona virkne, lai transkrib\u0113tu komplement\u0101ro RNS, ko galu gal\u0101 nosauca par CRISPR RNS (cr RNS). Emmanuelle Charpentier un Jennifer Doudna bija pirm\u0101s, kas atkl\u0101ja \u0161os atstarpes un repetitorus. Vi\u0146i ar\u012b atkl\u0101ja, ka Cas9 enz\u012bms, kas pal\u012bdz\u0113ja sagriezt DNS sekvenci, saist\u012bj\u0101s ar cit\u0101m RNS molekul\u0101m. \u0160\u012bs divas molekulas, cr RNS un transaktiv\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 cr RNS, pal\u012bdz\u0113ja Cas9 p\u0101rgriezt m\u0113r\u0137vietu dubult\u0101s DNS virknes m\u0113r\u0137a viet\u0101.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160o atkl\u0101jumu izdar\u012bja Emmanuelle Charpentier, nov\u0113rojot streptokoka bakt\u0113rijas im\u016bnsist\u0113mas meh\u0101nismu pret v\u012brusu. Vi\u0146u visvair\u0101k intri\u0123\u0113ja tas, ka bakt\u0113rij\u0101 atrodamajai RNS molekulai bija \u013coti l\u012bdz\u012bgs \u0123en\u0113tiskais kods k\u0101 bakt\u0113rijas CRISPR. Analiz\u0113jot abas sekvences, tika konstat\u0113ts, ka RNS molekula atbilst CRISPR atk\u0101rtojo\u0161ajai da\u013cai. Turpinot p\u0113t\u012bjumus, vi\u0146a atkl\u0101ja, ka \u0161\u012b maz\u0101 RNS molekula aktiviz\u0113 RNS sekvenci Cas9 kl\u0101tb\u016btn\u0113. RNS sekvence bija CRISPR sekvences rezult\u0101ts. \u0160o molekulu nosauca par trans aktiviz\u0113jo\u0161o CRISPR RNS. Kad bakt\u0113rija ir infic\u0113ta ar v\u012brusu, bakt\u0113rija pievieno v\u012brusa DNS sav\u0101 genom\u0101 CRISPR re\u0123ion\u0101 k\u0101 atmi\u0146u. Tas pal\u012bdz bakt\u0113rijai izvair\u012bties no turpm\u0101kas jaunas infekcijas. P\u0113c tam \u0161\u012b CRISPR DNS tiek kop\u0113ta, lai izveidotu CRISPR RNS, kurai ir j\u0101b\u016bt sa\u0161\u0137eltai, lai veidotu v\u012brusa DNS, kas pal\u012bdz\u0113tu atpaz\u012bt sve\u0161o v\u012brusa DNS.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u0113l\u0101k D\u017eenifera Doudna analiz\u0113ja, vai \u0161o v\u012brusa DNS var identific\u0113t, izmantojot CRISPR RNS un Cas9 enz\u012bma molekulu. P\u0113c vair\u0101kiem eksperimentiem vi\u0146i joproj\u0101m nesp\u0113ja to identific\u0113t un saprata, ka kaut kas pietr\u016bkst. T\u0101p\u0113c n\u0101kamaj\u0101 reiz\u0113, kad vi\u0146i veica eksperimentu, tika pievienota ar\u012b transaktiv\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 CR RNS molekula, ko atkl\u0101ja Emanuela. Vi\u0146iem par p\u0101rsteigumu tika identific\u0113ta v\u012brusa DNS, kas noveda pie jaun\u0101 eona.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u016bsdien\u0101s CRISPR\/Cas9 ir rad\u012bjusi jaunu pieeju dz\u012bvei. T\u0101 tiek izmantota da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s zin\u0101tnes jom\u0101s. \u0160is r\u012bks ir bijis evolucion\u0101rs medic\u012bnas zin\u0101tn\u0113s. \u0160odien p\u0113tnieki str\u0101d\u0101 pie t\u0101, lai izskaustu iedzimtus trauc\u0113jumus, kas cilv\u0113ci ir sk\u0101ru\u0161i visvair\u0101k. Cita joma, kur\u0101 \u0161is r\u012bks tiek izmantots, ir lauksaimniec\u012bba, lai modific\u0113tu augus, padarot tos iztur\u012bgus pret infekcij\u0101m, z\u0101\u013cu izstr\u0101d\u0113, g\u0113nu terapij\u0101 un daudz\u0101s cit\u0101s jom\u0101s. Izmantojot \u0161o r\u012bku reglament\u0113t\u0101 un \u0113tisk\u0101 veid\u0101, cilv\u0113ce var iepaz\u012bt neierobe\u017eotu pasauli.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Atsauce\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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