{"id":10332,"date":"2019-08-30T11:32:59","date_gmt":"2019-08-30T14:32:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=10332"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:23:55","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:23:55","slug":"underground-network-keeps-rainforests","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lv\/pazemes-tikls-saglaba-lietainos-mezus\/","title":{"rendered":"Pazemes t\u012bkls, kas nodro\u0161ina lietus me\u017eu dz\u012bv\u012bbu"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u0113s varam p\u0101rliecin\u0101ties par lietus me\u017eu pla\u0161umu, apl\u016bkojot ar droniem uz\u0146emtos koku galot\u0146u att\u0113lus. Ta\u010du, lai uztur\u0113tu visu \u0161o dz\u012bv\u012bbu, past\u0101v pazemes t\u012bkls, ko m\u0113s neredzam un par ko daudzi cilv\u0113ki nezina. J\u0101, es run\u0101ju par mikorizas s\u0113n\u0113m. Pat zin\u0101tniekiem \u0161ie dz\u012bv\u012bbas aspekti liel\u0101koties nav zin\u0101mi.<\/p>\n

2019. gad\u0101 p\u0113tnieki pirmo reizi kart\u0113ja\u00a0tr\u012bs galveno grupu glob\u0101lais sadal\u012bjums<\/a>\u00a0\u0161o mikrobu. Autori \"izveidot telpiski izteiktu glob\u0101lu me\u017eu simbiotisk\u0101 st\u0101vok\u013ca karti, izmantojot datu b\u0101zi, kur\u0101 ir vair\u0101k nek\u0101 1,1 miljons me\u017ea inventariz\u0101cijas parauglaukumu, kas kop\u0101 ietver vair\u0101k nek\u0101 28 000 koku sugu\".<\/em><\/p>\n

Abus veidus at\u0161\u0137ir tas, ka ektomikoriz\u0113jo\u0161o s\u0113\u0146u hifas neiek\u013c\u016bst atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101s saknes \u0161\u016bn\u0101s, savuk\u0101rt endomikoriz\u0113jo\u0161o s\u0113\u0146u hifas iek\u013c\u016bst \u0161\u016bnas sien\u0101 un invagin\u0113 \u0161\u016bnas membr\u0101nu.<\/p>\n

Endomikorizas domin\u0113 sezon\u0101los, siltos lietus me\u017eos. Simbioze starp augiem un mikroorganismiem ir \u013coti svar\u012bga ar\u012b augiem sezon\u0101li aukst\u0101 un saus\u0101 klimat\u0101. T\u0101 ir domin\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 simbiozes forma augstos platuma gr\u0101dos un augstum\u0101 virs j\u016bras l\u012bme\u0146a.<\/p>\n

\"ektomikoriza\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Milzu\u00a0Armillaria solidipes<\/em>\u00a0(medus s\u0113ne) tiek uzskat\u012bta par liel\u0101ko organismu uz Zemes, kas izplat\u012bjies vair\u0101k nek\u0101 2000 hekt\u0101ru plat\u012bb\u0101 pazemes augsn\u0113 Oregonas austrumos; tiek l\u0113sts, ka t\u0101 ir vismaz 2400 gadu veca.<\/p>\n

\"Liel\u0101kie<\/p>\n

\u00a0Neieg\u016bstiet nepareizu priek\u0161statu. S\u0113nes nav pas\u012bvi augu pal\u012bgl\u012bdzek\u013ci. T\u0101s ir sp\u0113c\u012bgas un dinamiskas.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Augiem nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s bar\u012bbas vielas t\u0101s var ieg\u016bt no augsnes. \u012apa\u0161i tas attiecas uz fosforu, k\u0101 ar\u012b sl\u0101pekli. Turkl\u0101t ir pier\u0101d\u012bjumi, ka mikrobi pal\u012bdz augiem no augsnes ieg\u016bt ar\u012b \u016bdeni. T\u0101p\u0113c, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 \u0161o milz\u012bgo noz\u012bmi dz\u012bv\u012bbas uztur\u0113\u0161an\u0101, mums par tiem ir j\u0101zina vair\u0101k, nek\u0101 m\u0113s zin\u0101m pa\u0161laik. Tom\u0113r mikrobi, protams, ir mikroskopiski, kas dz\u012bvo zem augsnes, kam\u0113r zem t\u0101s ir miljoniem kr\u0101sainu un dinamisku augu un dz\u012bvnieku.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t nav viegli p\u0113t\u0101ms objekts: da\u017eas sugas laboratorij\u0101 netiek audz\u0113tas. Turkl\u0101t, m\u0113\u0123inot izvilkt no augsnes, t\u012bkls viegli saboj\u0101jas. Da\u017e\u0101m no t\u0101m nav \"\u0161\u016bnu\", to kodoli ar DNS ir koplietoti starp \u0161\u016bn\u0101m, veidojot t\u012bklus, kas var b\u016bt kilometrus gari. J\u016bs varat man piekrist, ka ir daudz attaisnojumu m\u016bsu zin\u0101\u0161anu tr\u016bkumam par mikorizas s\u0113n\u0113m.<\/p>\n

Ta\u010du aptuveni 80% no m\u016bsdienu sauszemes augiem veido partnerattiec\u012bbas ar s\u0113n\u0113m, bet v\u0113l citi augi sadarbojas ar bakt\u0113rij\u0101m.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Un, ziniet, neviens nav teicis, ka b\u016bt zin\u0101tniekam b\u016bs viegli.<\/p>\n

A j\u016bnij\u0101 public\u0113ts jauns dokuments.<\/a> ienes jaunu gaismu \u0161aj\u0101 jaut\u0101jum\u0101. Metj\u016b Vaitsaids un vi\u0146a kol\u0113\u0123i \u013cauj vizualiz\u0113t neredzamo. Vi\u0146i\u00a0izstr\u0101d\u0101ja kvantu punktu bar\u012bbas vielu izseko\u0161anas tehniku, kas \u013c\u0101va mums izsekot fluoresc\u0113jo\u0161i mar\u0137\u0113ta fosfora tirdzniec\u012bbai pasaul\u0113, iesp\u0113jams, visizplat\u012bt\u0101kaj\u0101 tirdzniec\u012bbas partner\u012bb\u0101 - arbuskul\u0101ro mikorizas s\u0113\u0146u un sauszemes augu savstarp\u0113j\u0101 mijiedarb\u012bb\u0101.\u00a0<\/em>Mar\u0137\u0113jot fosforu ar da\u017e\u0101du kr\u0101su \u012bpa\u0161i fluoresc\u0113jo\u0161\u0101m nanoda\u013ci\u0146\u0101m, m\u0113s var\u0113j\u0101m izsekot resursu kust\u012bbai no to izcelsmes vietas, p\u0101ri s\u0113nei un uz saimnieka sakni.<\/em><\/p>\n

S\u0113ne mobiliz\u0113 un sav\u0101c fosforu no augsnes un apmain\u0101s ar \u0161o preci pret oglekli, izmantojot tirgum l\u012bdz\u012bgu apmai\u0146u ar saimniekaugiem. Autori v\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s noskaidrot, k\u0101 s\u0113nes rea\u0123\u0113 uz da\u017e\u0101diem resursu nevienl\u012bdz\u012bbas l\u012bme\u0146iem. \u0160is p\u0113t\u012bjums liecina, ka s\u0113nes nav tikai pas\u012bvi bar\u012bbas vielu tirgot\u0101ji, bet gan inform\u0101cijas apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji.<\/p>\n

\u017durn\u0101ls Quanta public\u0113ja piln\u012bgu un interesantu raksts<\/a>\u00a0par to. Autors ir Gabriels Popkins. \u013baujiet man sniegt jums spoileru no raksta:\u00a0\"s\u0113\u0146u pasaule patie\u0161\u0101m izce\u013cas ar savu daudzveid\u012bbu un sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bbu. Vien\u0101 karot\u0113 augsnes ir vair\u0101k mikrobu indiv\u012bdu nek\u0101 cilv\u0113ku uz Zemes. \"T\u0101 ir visbl\u012bv\u0101k\u0101 sugu dz\u012bvotne, k\u0101da mums ir,\" saka Ed\u012bte Hammera, augsnes ekolo\u0123e no Lundas Universit\u0101tes Zviedrij\u0101. Viens augs var apmain\u012bties molekul\u0101m ar desmitiem s\u0113\u0146u, no kur\u0101m katra, savuk\u0101rt, var sadarboties ar tikpat daudz augu. Tur ir daudz\u0161\u0137aut\u0146aina ball\u012bte.\"<\/em><\/p>\n

Zem\u0101k redzamaj\u0101 video var v\u0113rot, k\u0101 materi\u0101li pl\u016bst caur dz\u012bv\u0101m s\u0113\u0146u hif\u0101m. Pl\u016bsmas virziens main\u0101s, jo s\u0113ne, \u0161\u0137iet, strat\u0113\u0123iski novirza bar\u012bbas vielu pl\u016bsmu, rea\u0123\u0113jot uz vides apst\u0101k\u013ciem. \u0160o video ar Toby Kiers piekl\u0101j\u012bbu ir public\u0113jis \u017eurn\u0101la Quanta kan\u0101ls:<\/p>\n