{"id":55871,"date":"2025-01-23T14:05:08","date_gmt":"2025-01-23T17:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=55871"},"modified":"2025-01-23T14:05:11","modified_gmt":"2025-01-23T17:05:11","slug":"how-to-cite-a-book","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/how-to-cite-a-book\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaip cituoti knyg\u0105: Paprasti \u017eingsniai tikslioms nuorodoms pateikti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I\u0161mokti cituoti knyg\u0105 yra labai svarbu ra\u0161ant akademinius tekstus, nes tai u\u017etikrina ai\u0161kum\u0105, patikimum\u0105 ir mokslin\u012f s\u0105\u017einingum\u0105. \u0160iame vadove apra\u0161oma, kaip cituoti knyg\u0105 pagal MLA, APA ir \u010cikagos stilius, kad b\u016bt\u0173 laikomasi akademini\u0173 standart\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tinkamai \u017einant, kaip cituoti knyg\u0105, siekiama keli\u0173 tiksl\u0173: pripa\u017e\u012fstami original\u016bs autoriai ir j\u0173 ind\u0117lis, skaitytojai gali rasti j\u016bs\u0173 nurodytus \u0161altinius ir parodyti, kad susipa\u017einote su esama savo srities literat\u016bra. Tiksliai cituodami \u0161altinius ne tik pagerinate savo darbo kokyb\u0119, bet ir prisidedate prie pagarbos ir atsakomyb\u0117s kult\u016bros akademin\u0117je bendruomen\u0117je.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Kaip cituoti knyg\u0105 \u012fvairiuose citavimo stiliuose<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Supratimas, kaip cituoti knyg\u0105, prasideda nuo citavimo stili\u0173 i\u0161manymo, nes skirtingose disciplinose taikomi unikal\u016bs formatai, kad b\u016bt\u0173 u\u017etikrintas nuoseklumas ir patikimumas. \u0160tai keletas da\u017eniausiai naudojam\u0173 citavimo stili\u0173 ir j\u0173 pagrindin\u0117s savyb\u0117s:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Bendrieji citavimo stiliai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Akademiniame ra\u0161to darbe tinkamas citavimas yra labai svarbus siekiant u\u017etikrinti patikimum\u0105 ir i\u0161vengti plagijavimo. Toliau ap\u017evelgiami trys da\u017eniausiai \u012fvairiose disciplinose naudojami citavimo stiliai: MLA, APA ir \u010cikagos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>MLA (\u0160iuolaikin\u0117s kalbos asociacijos) stiliaus ap\u017evalga<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tikslas<\/strong>: Daugiausia naudojamas humanitariniuose moksluose, ypa\u010d literat\u016broje, kult\u016bros studijose ir menuose. MLA akcentuoja autoryst\u0117s ir paties k\u016brinio svarb\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pagrindin\u0117s funkcijos<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Citatos tekste<\/strong>: Naudojamos skliaustuose pateiktos citatos, kuriose nurodoma autoriaus pavard\u0117 ir puslapio numeris be kablelio (pvz., Smith 15). Tai leid\u017eia skaitytojams lengvai rasti \u0161altin\u012f cituojam\u0173 darb\u0173 s\u0105ra\u0161e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cituot\u0173 darb\u0173 puslapis<\/strong>: Dokumento pabaigoje pateikiamas i\u0161samus vis\u0173 cituojam\u0173 \u0161altini\u0173 s\u0105ra\u0161as, suformatuotas su kaban\u010dia \u012ftrauka. \u012era\u0161ai i\u0161d\u0117styti ab\u0117c\u0117l\u0117s tvarka pagal autoriaus pavard\u0119.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pagrindinis knyg\u0173 formatas<\/strong>: Autoriaus pavard\u0117, vardas. <em>Knygos pavadinimas<\/em>. Leid\u0117jas, i\u0161leidimo metai.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys<\/strong>: Smith, John. <em>Ra\u0161ymo menas<\/em>. Penguin Books, 2020.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4>APA (Amerikos psicholog\u0173 asociacijos) stiliaus ap\u017evalga<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tikslas<\/strong>: Pla\u010diai naudojamas socialiniuose moksluose, pavyzd\u017eiui, psichologijoje, sociologijoje, \u0161vietime ir versle. APA pabr\u0117\u017eia publikavimo dat\u0105, atspindin\u010di\u0105 dabartini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 svarb\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pagrindin\u0117s funkcijos<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Citatos tekste<\/strong>: Naudojamas autoriaus datos formatas. \u012e citat\u0105 \u012ftraukiama autoriaus pavard\u0117 ir publikavimo metai, atskirti kableliu (pvz., Smith, 2020). Tiesiogini\u0173 citat\u0173 atveju taip pat nurodomas puslapio numeris (pvz., Smith, 2020, p. 15).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nuorod\u0173 s\u0105ra\u0161as<\/strong>: Dokumento pabaigoje pateikiamas i\u0161samus nuorod\u0173 s\u0105ra\u0161as, kuriame \u012fra\u0161ai suformatuoti su kaban\u010dia \u012ftrauka. \u0160is s\u0105ra\u0161as pavadintas \"Nuorodos\" ir sudarytas ab\u0117c\u0117l\u0117s tvarka pagal autoriaus pavard\u0119.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pagrindinis knyg\u0173 formatas<\/strong>: Autorius, A. A. (I\u0161leidimo metai). <em>Darbo pavadinimas: Did\u017eioji raid\u0117 taip pat ir paantra\u0161t\u0117je<\/em>. Leid\u0117jas.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys<\/strong>: Smith, J. (2020). <em>Mokymosi psichologija: Psichologijos mokymas: ap\u017evalga<\/em>. Academic Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4>\u010cikagos stiliaus vadovo ap\u017evalga<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tikslas<\/strong>: Naudojamas \u012fvairiose disciplinose, ypa\u010d istorijoje, versle ir vaizduojamajame mene. \u010cikagoje si\u016blomos dvi dokumentacijos sistemos: Pastabos ir bibliografija bei Autorius ir data.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pagrindin\u0117s funkcijos<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pastabos ir bibliografija<\/strong>: \u0160is stilius da\u017enai naudojamas humanitariniuose moksluose, kai teksto citatoms naudojamos i\u0161na\u0161os arba pabaigos pastabos, kuriose pateikiama i\u0161sami informacija apie kiekvien\u0105 \u0161altin\u012f. Pabaigoje pateikiama atitinkama bibliografija.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Autorius-Data<\/strong>: \u0160is formatas labiau paplit\u0119s tiksli\u0173j\u0173 ir socialini\u0173 moksl\u0173 srityse, pana\u0161us \u012f APA, ta\u010diau jame, kaip ir APA, skliausteliuose nurodoma autoriaus pavard\u0117 ir publikavimo metai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pagrindinis knyg\u0173 formatas<\/strong>: Autoriaus pavard\u0117, vardas. <em>Knygos pavadinimas<\/em>. Paskelbimo vieta: Leid\u0117jas, I\u0161leidimo metai.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys (i\u0161na\u0161a)<\/strong>: Johnas Smithas, <em>Istorijos perspektyva<\/em> (\u010cikaga: \u010cikagos universiteto leidykla, 2020), 45.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bibliografijos pavyzdys<\/strong>: Smith, John. <em>Istorijos perspektyva<\/em>. \u010cikaga: \u010cikagos universiteto leidykla, 2020.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Kaip pasirinkti tinkam\u0105 stili\u0173 knygai cituoti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kai sprend\u017eiate, kaip cituoti knyg\u0105, pasirinkdami tinkam\u0105 citavimo stili\u0173 u\u017etikrinkite ai\u0161kum\u0105, nuoseklum\u0105 ir atitikt\u012f akademiniams standartams. Pateikiame kelet\u0105 svarbiausi\u0173 aspekt\u0173, kuriais vadovaukit\u0117s pasirinkdami:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science-figures\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=cta-final&amp;utm_campaign=conversion\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"651\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mind-the-graph.png\" alt=\"Mind the Graph logotipas, simbolizuojantis mokslini\u0173 iliustracij\u0173 ir dizaino priemoni\u0173 platform\u0105 mokslininkams ir pedagogams.\" class=\"wp-image-54844\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mind-the-graph.png 651w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mind-the-graph-300x80.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mind-the-graph-18x5.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mind-the-graph-100x27.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science-figures\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=cta-final&amp;utm_campaign=conversion\">Mind the Graph<\/a> - Mokslin\u0117s iliustracijos ir dizaino platforma.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4>Svarstymai d\u0117l disciplinos<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Skirtingose mokslo srityse d\u0117l j\u0173 mokslini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 ir ra\u0161ymo praktikos pob\u016bd\u017eio da\u017enai pasirenkami tam tikri citavimo stiliai. Suprasdami savo disciplinos taisykles, galite pasirinkti tinkam\u0105 stili\u0173:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Humanitariniai mokslai<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pageidaujamas stilius<\/strong>: MLA (\u0160iuolaikin\u0117s kalbos asociacija)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Focus<\/strong>: Knyga skirta literat\u016bros, filosofijos ir kult\u016bros studijoms, tod\u0117l ji puikiai tinka literat\u016bros, filosofijos ir kult\u016bros studijoms. Stilius skatina atid\u0173 skaitym\u0105 ir teksto analiz\u0119, o tai atitinka \u0161i\u0173 sri\u010di\u0173 tikslus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Socialiniai mokslai<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pageidaujamas stilius<\/strong>: APA (Amerikos psicholog\u0173 asociacija)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Focus<\/strong>: Pirmenyb\u0117 teikiama publikavimo datai, atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f dabartini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 svarb\u0105 tokiose srityse kaip psichologija, sociologija ir \u0161vietimas. APA stilius pabr\u0117\u017eia empirinius tyrimus ir \u0161altini\u0173 aktualum\u0105, tod\u0117l jis tinka greitai besikei\u010diantiems moksliniams tyrimams.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Istorija ir vaizduojamasis menas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pageidaujamas stilius<\/strong>: \u010cikagos stiliaus vadovas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Focus<\/strong>: Lankstumo suteikia dvi dokumentavimo sistemos (pastabos ir bibliografija bei autorius-data). \u010cikagos sistemai teikiama pirmenyb\u0117 disciplinose, kuriose reikia i\u0161sami\u0173 citat\u0173, pavyzd\u017eiui, istorijoje ir mene, kur da\u017enai reikia i\u0161sami\u0173 komentar\u0173 ir nuorod\u0173 \u012f pirminius \u0161altinius.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Verslas ir ekonomika<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pageidaujamas stilius<\/strong>: Da\u017enai naudoja APA arba \u010cikagos, priklausomai nuo tyrimo krypties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Focus<\/strong>: Akcentuojami ir empiriniai \u012frodymai, ir i\u0161samus istorinis kontekstas, tod\u0117l citavimo stiliaus pasirinkimas priklauso nuo konkretaus darbo pob\u016bd\u017eio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4>Institucin\u0117s arba leidybos gair\u0117s<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Be disciplinos norm\u0173, citavimo stili\u0173 da\u017enai nurodo ir konkre\u010dios institucijos ar leidyklos gair\u0117s. \u0160tai keletas svarbiausi\u0173 nuostat\u0173:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Reikalavimai instruktoriui<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Daugelis d\u0117stytoj\u0173 nurodo pageidaujam\u0105 citavimo stili\u0173 savo kurso programoje arba u\u017eduo\u010di\u0173 gair\u0117se. Visada laikykit\u0117s \u0161i\u0173 reikalavim\u0173, nes d\u0117stytojo pageidavim\u0173 laikymasis yra labai svarbus norint gauti \u012fskait\u0105.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Departamento politika<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Kai kurie akademiniai padaliniai yra nustat\u0119 citavimo stili\u0173 gaires, kurios taikomos visiems studentams ir d\u0117stytojams. Pasitarkite su savo katedra, kad \u012fsitikintum\u0117te, jog \u0161i\u0173 standart\u0173 laikomasi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Leidybos standartai<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Pateikdami darbus publikavimui, \u017eurnalai ir leid\u0117jai da\u017enai turi konkre\u010dias formatavimo ir citavimo stiliaus gaires. Susipa\u017einkite su \u0161iomis gair\u0117mis, kad padidintum\u0117te tikimyb\u0119, jog j\u016bs\u0173 darbas bus priimtas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nuoseklumas ir ai\u0161kumas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Nepriklausomai nuo pasirinkto stiliaus, labai svarbu i\u0161laikyti nuoseklum\u0105 visame darbe. Skrupulingai laikykit\u0117s pasirinkto stiliaus taisykli\u0173, kad ra\u0161inys b\u016bt\u0173 ai\u0161kesnis ir profesionalesnis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prieiga prie i\u0161tekli\u0173<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Kai kurie citavimo stiliai gali tur\u0117ti daugiau \u0161altini\u0173 (pavyzd\u017eiui, citavimo valdymo \u012franki\u0173, stili\u0173 vadov\u0173 ir internetini\u0173 duomen\u0173 bazi\u0173) nei kiti. Rinkdamiesi stili\u0173 atsi\u017evelkite \u012f \u0161\u012f prieinamum\u0105, nes tai gali palengvinti ra\u0161ymo ir citavimo proces\u0105.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2>Pagrindiniai tinkamo knygos citavimo elementai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Norint i\u0161mokti cituoti knyg\u0105, reikia suprasti pagrindinius citavimo elementus, tokius kaip autoriaus pavard\u0117, knygos pavadinimas ir leidinio duomenys. Kad b\u016bt\u0173 u\u017etikrintas tinkamas nurodymas ir skaitytojai gal\u0117t\u0173 rasti \u0161altin\u012f, paprastai reikia keli\u0173 pagrindini\u0173 komponent\u0173. Nors konkretus formatas gali skirtis priklausomai nuo citavimo stiliaus, pagrindiniai komponentai i\u0161 esm\u0117s sutampa visuose MLA, APA ir \u010cikagos stiliuose. Toliau pateikiami esminiai elementai, kuriuos reikia \u012ftraukti \u012f knygos citat\u0105:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Pagrindiniai komponentai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4>Autoriaus vardas ir pavard\u0117<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Apra\u0161ymas<\/strong>: Autoriaus vardas ir pavard\u0117 yra labai svarbus elementas, nes pagal j\u012f k\u016brinys priskiriamas asmeniui ar grupei, atsakingai u\u017e jo turin\u012f. Jis padeda skaitytojams nustatyti \u0161altin\u012f ir \u012fvertinti autoriaus patikimum\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formatas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Po autoriaus pavard\u0117s ra\u0161omas kablelis ir vardas. Jei yra keli autoriai, pirmojo autoriaus vardas ra\u0161omas atvirk\u0161\u010diai (pavard\u0117, vardas), o kit\u0173 autori\u0173 vardai ra\u0161omi \u012fprasta tvarka (vardas, pavard\u0117, pavard\u0117).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Po autoriaus pavard\u0117s ra\u0161omas kablelis ir pirmasis (-ieji) inicialas (-ai). Jei yra keli autoriai, juos i\u0161vardykite naudodami ampersand\u0105 (&amp;) prie\u0161 paskutinio autoriaus pavard\u0119.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Autoriaus vardas ir pavard\u0117 pateikiami standartiniu formatu: po vardo ir pavard\u0117s. Jei autori\u0173 yra keli, pavardes atskirkite kableliais, o prie\u0161 paskutinio autoriaus pavard\u0119 ra\u0161ykite \"ir\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Smith, John.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Smith, J.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Johnas Smithas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4>Knygos pavadinimas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Apra\u0161ymas<\/strong>: Knygos pavadinimas suteikia skaitytojui informacijos apie turin\u012f. Labai svarbu j\u012f pateikti teisingai, kad b\u016bt\u0173 i\u0161laikytas citatos profesionalumas ir laikomasi stiliaus gairi\u0173.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formatas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Pavadinimas ra\u0161omas pasviruoju \u0161riftu, o pagrindiniai \u017eod\u017eiai - did\u017ei\u0105ja raide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Pavadinimas ra\u0161omas kursyvu. Did\u017ei\u0105ja raide ra\u0161omas tik pirmasis pavadinimo \u017eodis, pirmasis bet kurios paantra\u0161t\u0117s \u017eodis ir visi tikriniai daiktavard\u017eiai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Pavadinimas ra\u0161omas pasviruoju \u0161riftu, o pagrindiniai \u017eod\u017eiai - did\u017ei\u0105ja raide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: <em>Ra\u0161ymo menas<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: <em>Mokymosi psichologija: Psichologijos mokymas: ap\u017evalga<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: <em>Istorijos perspektyva<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4>Leidinio informacija<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Apra\u0161ymas<\/strong>: Leidinio duomenys apima informacij\u0105 apie tai, kur ir kas i\u0161leido knyg\u0105, taip pat jos i\u0161leidimo metus. \u0160i informacija padeda skaitytojams surasti \u0161altin\u012f ir suteikia k\u016brinio kontekst\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formatas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Nurodykite leid\u0117jo pavadinim\u0105, po kurio ra\u0161omas kablelis, ir i\u0161leidimo metus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: \u012era\u0161omas leid\u0117jo pavadinimas, ta\u010diau nenurodomi tokie terminai kaip \"Company\", \"Inc.\" ar \"Ltd.\". I\u0161leidimo metai nurodomi skliausteliuose po autoriaus pavard\u0117s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Po leid\u0117jo pavadinimo ra\u0161oma leidinio i\u0161leidimo vieta, dedamas dvita\u0161kis ir leid\u0117jo pavadinimas, tada - leidinio i\u0161leidimo metai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Penguin Books, 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Academic Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: University of Chicago Press, 2020.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>I\u0161sami informacija apie autori\u0173<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tikslus autoriaus nurodymas yra labai svarbus akademiniame ra\u0161to darbe, nes jis suteikia autoryst\u0119 darbo k\u016br\u0117jams ir leid\u017eia skaitytojams rasti originalius \u0161altinius. Toliau pateikiamos autori\u0173 citavimo gair\u0117s, \u012fskaitant nurodymus, kaip nurodyti vien\u0105 ir kelis autorius, taip pat kaip nurodyti redaktorius ir vert\u0117jus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Vieno ir keli\u0173 autori\u0173 tvarkymas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vienas autorius<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Apra\u0161ymas<\/strong>: Jei autorius yra vienas asmuo, autoriaus vardas ir pavard\u0117 tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti nurodomi pagal naudojam\u0105 citavimo stili\u0173.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formatas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Pavard\u0117, vardas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Vardas, pavard\u0117, vardo inicialas (-ai).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Vardas Pavard\u0117.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Smith, John.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Smith, J.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Johnas Smithas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Johnas Smithas ir Jane Doe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Keli autoriai<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Apra\u0161ymas<\/strong>: Knyg\u0173, kuriose yra daugiau nei vienas autorius, citavimo formatas kei\u010diasi priklausomai nuo autori\u0173 skai\u010diaus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Du autoriai<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Formatas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Abiej\u0173 autori\u0173 pavardes nurodykite tokia tvarka, kokia jos yra, prie\u0161 paskutinio autoriaus pavard\u0119 ra\u0161ykite \"ir\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: I\u0161vardykite abu autorius, atskiriamus ampersandu (&amp;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Abiej\u0173 autori\u0173 pavardes nurodykite tokia tvarka, kokia jos yra, prie\u0161 paskutinio autoriaus pavard\u0119 ra\u0161ykite \"ir\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Smitas, D\u017eonas ir D\u017eein\u0117 Doe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Smith, J., ir Doe, J.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trys ar daugiau autori\u0173<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Formatas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Nurodykite pirmojo autoriaus pavard\u0119, po kurios ra\u0161oma \"et al.\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Po pirmosios citatos nurodykite pirmojo autoriaus pavard\u0119 ir \"et al.\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Nurodykite pirmojo autoriaus pavard\u0119, po kurios ra\u0161oma \"et al.\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Smith, John ir kt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Smith, J. ir kt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: John Smith ir kt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4>&nbsp;Redaktoriaus arba vert\u0117jo kreditas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Redaktorius<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Apra\u0161ymas<\/strong>: Jei knyg\u0105 redaguoja vienas ar keli asmenys, svarbu citatoje nurodyti redaktori\u0173 (-ius), kad b\u016bt\u0173 pripa\u017eintas j\u0173 vaidmuo formuojant k\u016brin\u012f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formatas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Naudokite \"edited by\", po kurio nurodoma redaktoriaus pavard\u0117.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Kelet\u0105 redaktori\u0173 \u017eym\u0117kite \"Eds.\", o vien\u0105 redaktori\u0173 - \"Ed.\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Naudokite \"edited by\", po kurio nurodoma redaktoriaus pavard\u0117.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: <em>Knygos pavadinimas<\/em>, redagavo John Smith.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: <em>Knygos pavadinimas<\/em> (J. Smith, red.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: <em>Knygos pavadinimas<\/em>, redagavo John Smith.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vert\u0117jas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Apra\u0161ymas<\/strong>: Cituojant i\u0161verst\u0105 k\u016brin\u012f, labai svarbu nurodyti vert\u0117jo vard\u0105, kad b\u016bt\u0173 pripa\u017eintas jo ind\u0117lis \u012f k\u016brinio prieinamum\u0105 kita kalba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formatas<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: Naudokite \"translated by\", po kurio nurodoma vert\u0117jo pavard\u0117.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: Vert\u0117jo inicialus ir pavard\u0119 ra\u0161ykite \"Trans.\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: Naudokite \"translated by\", po kurio nurodoma vert\u0117jo pavard\u0117.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pavyzdys<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MLA<\/strong>: <em>Knygos pavadinimas<\/em>, i\u0161vert\u0117 Jane Doe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APA<\/strong>: <em>Knygos pavadinimas<\/em> (J. Doe, Trans.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u010cikaga<\/strong>: <em>Knygos pavadinimas<\/em>, i\u0161vert\u0117 Jane Doe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Citavimo format\u0173 santrauka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Elementas<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>MLA formatas<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>APA formatas<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u010cikagos formatas<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Autorius<\/td><td>Pavard\u0117, vardas.<\/td><td>Pavard\u0117, vardo inicialas (-ai).<\/td><td>Pavard\u0117, vardas.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pavadinimas<\/td><td><em>Knygos pavadinimas.<\/em><\/td><td><em>Darbo pavadinimas: Taip pat did\u017ei\u0105ja raide ra\u0161ykite pirm\u0105j\u0105 paantra\u0161t\u0117s raid\u0119.<\/em><\/td><td><em>Knygos pavadinimas.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Leid\u0117jas<\/td><td>Leid\u0117jo pavadinimas.<\/td><td>Leid\u0117jo pavadinimas.<\/td><td>Leid\u0117jo pavadinimas,<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Paskelbimo metai<\/td><td>I\u0161leidimo metai.<\/td><td>(I\u0161leidimo metai).<\/td><td>I\u0161leidimo metai,<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Leidinys (jei taikoma)<\/td><td>Edi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/td><td>(X leidimas).<\/td><td>Leidimas.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Puslapi\u0173 numeriai<\/td><td>p. # arba str. #s.<\/td><td>p. # arba str. #s.<\/td><td>p. # arba str. #s.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Citavimo format\u0173 santrauka: MLA, APA ir \u010cikagos stili\u0173 glaustas vadovas.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>J\u016bs\u0173 k\u016briniai, paruo\u0161ti per kelias minutes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science-figures\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=cta-final&amp;utm_campaign=conversion\">Mind the Graph<\/a> platforma yra vertingas \u012frankis mokslininkams, siekiantiems pagerinti savo vizualinio bendravimo \u012fg\u016bd\u017eius. Suteikdama intuityvi\u0105 s\u0105saj\u0105, pritaikomus \u0161ablonus ir i\u0161samius i\u0161teklius, Mind the Graph leid\u017eia mokslininkams greitai kurti \u012ftikinam\u0105 grafik\u0105, o tai padeda skleisti mokslines \u017einias ir didinti j\u0173 poveik\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science-figures\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=cta-final&amp;utm_campaign=conversion\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1362\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/mtg-80-plus-fields.gif\" alt=\"&quot;Animuotas GIF, rodantis daugiau nei 80 mokslo sri\u010di\u0173, prieinam\u0173 per Mind the Graph, \u012fskaitant biologij\u0105, chemij\u0105, fizik\u0105 ir medicin\u0105, iliustruojantis platformos universalum\u0105 mokslininkams.&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-29586\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Animacinis GIF, kuriame pristatomos \u012fvairios mokslo sritys, kurias apima Mind the Graph.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-1 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science-figures\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=cta-final&amp;utm_campaign=conversion\" style=\"background-color:#7833ff\"><strong>Prad\u0117kite naudoti Mind the Graph<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Naudodamiesi \u0161iuo stili\u0173 ir format\u0173 vadovu su\u017einokite, kaip tiksliai cituoti knyg\u0105.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":55872,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[989,961,982],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - 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Jessica is an animal rights activist who enjoys reading and drinking strong coffee.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jessica-abbadia-9b834a13b\/"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/author\/jessica\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55871"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55871"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55871\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55873,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55871\/revisions\/55873"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55872"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}