{"id":55543,"date":"2024-09-30T15:49:11","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T18:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/how-do-icebergs-work-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-09-24T16:00:31","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T19:00:31","slug":"higgs-boson-particle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/higgs-boson-particle\/","title":{"rendered":"Higso bozono dalel\u0117: Naujos visatos pa\u017einimo ribos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Higgso bozono dalel\u0117, dar vadinama \"Dievo dalele\", yra fundamentali visatos sudedamoji dalis, kuri jau de\u0161imtme\u010dius \u017eavi fizikus. Kaip dalel\u0117, suteikianti mas\u0119 kitoms elementariosioms dalel\u0117ms, ji vaidina svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f m\u016bs\u0173 supratimui apie pagrindines gamtos j\u0117gas. XX a. septintajame de\u0161imtmetyje Standartiniame daleli\u0173 fizikos modelyje pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 buvo pasi\u016blyta, kad \u0161i neai\u0161ki dalel\u0117 yra visatos fundamentali\u0173j\u0173 daleli\u0173 ir j\u0117g\u0173 dalis. Toliau \u0161iame tinklara\u0161tyje \u0161iek tiek i\u0161samiau nagrin\u0117sime dalel\u0119 higgso bozon\u0105!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Kas yra Higso bozonas?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mokslininkai jau daugel\u012f met\u0173 suka galvas d\u0117l Higso bozono dalel\u0117s egzistavimo, nes jos egzistavimas yra labai svarbus paai\u0161kinant, kod\u0117l vienos dalel\u0117s turi mas\u0119, o kitos ne. Visata, koki\u0105 j\u0105 pa\u017e\u012fstame, neegzistuot\u0173 be Higso bozono, kuris suteikia mas\u0119 tokioms dalel\u0117ms kaip elektronai ir kvarkai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CERN mokslininkai (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CERN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Europos branduolini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 organizacija<\/a>) 2012 m. patvirtino, kad Higso bozonas egzistuoja po beveik penkis de\u0161imtme\u010dius trukusi\u0173 tyrim\u0173 ir milijard\u0173 doleri\u0173 investicij\u0173. Mokslininkams pavyko steb\u0117ti Higgso bozono veikim\u0105 naudojant <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Large_Hadron_Collider\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Didysis hadron\u0173 prie\u0161prie\u0161ini\u0173 sraut\u0173 greitintuvas<\/a> (LHC) - did\u017eiausias ir galingiausias pasaulyje daleli\u0173 greitintuvas. \u0160is atradimas ne tik patvirtino Standartin\u012f model\u012f, bet ir atv\u0117r\u0117 naujas galimybes tyrin\u0117ti visatos paslaptis. \u0160is atradimas taip pat pad\u0117jo suma\u017einti atotr\u016bk\u012f tarp daleli\u0173 fizikos ir kosmologijos, taip pad\u0117damas geriau suprasti visat\u0105. Be to, jis leido mokslininkams i\u0161tirti nauj\u0173 daleli\u0173 greitintuv\u0173 ir technologij\u0173 k\u016brim\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"615\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/SWITZERLAND-SCIENCE-PHYSICS-PARTICLES-CERN-1024x615.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/SWITZERLAND-SCIENCE-PHYSICS-PARTICLES-CERN-1024x615.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/SWITZERLAND-SCIENCE-PHYSICS-PARTICLES-CERN-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/SWITZERLAND-SCIENCE-PHYSICS-PARTICLES-CERN-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/SWITZERLAND-SCIENCE-PHYSICS-PARTICLES-CERN-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/SWITZERLAND-SCIENCE-PHYSICS-PARTICLES-CERN-100x60.jpg 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/SWITZERLAND-SCIENCE-PHYSICS-PARTICLES-CERN.jpg 1086w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0160altinis: <a href=\"https:\/\/oglobo.globo.com\/saude\/ciencia\/saiba-mais-sobre-importancia-do-boson-de-higgs-10294390#:~:text=O%20b%C3%B3son%20de%20Higgs%20%C3%A9%20extremamente%20inst%C3%A1vel%20e%20se%20fragmenta,mundo%2C%20no%20laborat%C3%B3rio%20do%20Cern.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">O Globo<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>CERN paskelbtame paveiksl\u0117lyje pavaizduotas proton\u0173 susid\u016brimas eksperimente, kuriame ie\u0161koma Higso bozono Nuotrauka: AFP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nor\u0117dami suprasti, kaip dalel\u0117s \u012fgyja mas\u0119, turime suprasti Higso lauk\u0105. Higgso lauk\u0105 galima palyginti su tir\u0161ta, nematoma melasa, kuri pasklinda po vis\u0105 visat\u0105. S\u0105veikaudamos su \u0161iuo lauku, dalel\u0117s sul\u0117t\u0117ja, o jud\u0117damos per j\u012f \u012fgauna mas\u0119. Higso laukas skirtingai s\u0105veikauja su dalel\u0117mis, tod\u0117l j\u0173 mas\u0117s skiriasi. Norint patvirtinti Higgso lauko egzistavim\u0105, buvo labai svarbu atrasti Higgso bozon\u0105, kuris yra susij\u0119s su \u0161io lauko trikd\u017eiais arba su\u017eadinimais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Higso bozono atradimas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Higso bozono atradim\u0105 l\u0117m\u0117 beveik pus\u0119 am\u017eiaus trukusi \u012fsp\u016bdinga istorija. XX a. septintojo de\u0161imtme\u010dio prad\u017eioje fizikos mokslininkai sprend\u0117 svarbi\u0105 problem\u0105: kaip paai\u0161kinti elementari\u0173j\u0173 daleli\u0173 mas\u0117s kilm\u0119 pagal standartin\u012f daleli\u0173 fizikos model\u012f. Nors standartiniame modelyje s\u0117kmingai apra\u0161ytos trys i\u0161 keturi\u0173 pagrindini\u0173 visatos j\u0117g\u0173 - elektromagnetizmas, silpnoji branduolin\u0117 j\u0117ga ir stiprioji branduolin\u0117 j\u0117ga, - tr\u016bko mechanizmo, kuris paai\u0161kint\u0173, kod\u0117l dalel\u0117s turi mas\u0119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Prover\u017eis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Keletui fizik\u0173 nepriklausomai pasi\u016blius \u0161ios problemos sprendim\u0105, 1964 m. buvo pasiektas prover\u017eis. \u0160ie mokslininkai pristat\u0117 vis\u0105 erdv\u0119 persmelkiant\u012f lauk\u0105, dabar \u017einom\u0105 kaip Higso laukas, kur\u012f \u012fved\u0117 Peteris Higgsas, Fran\u00e7ois Englertas ir Robertas Broutas. Jie teigia, kad dalel\u0117s \u012fgyja mas\u0119 s\u0105veikaudamos su \u0161iuo lauku. D\u0117l Higgso lauko buvimo atsirast\u0173 nauja dalel\u0117 - Higgso bozonas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0161imtme\u010dius nebuvo joki\u0173 Higso bozono egzistavimo \u012frodym\u0173. \u0160iai neai\u0161kiai dalelei sukurti reik\u0117jo mil\u017eini\u0161ko energijos kiekio, tod\u0117l aptikti j\u0105 buvo sud\u0117tinga. CERN Didysis hadron\u0173 prie\u0161prie\u0161ini\u0173 sraut\u0173 greitintuvas (LHC) buvo pirmasis \u012frenginys, kuris XXI a. prad\u017eioje leido mokslininkams tiesiogiai ie\u0161koti Higgso bozono.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Pagrindiniai dalyvaujantys mokslininkai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kad Higso bozonas b\u016bt\u0173 atrastas, svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f suvaidino keli svarb\u016bs asmenys. Higso dalel\u0117 pavadinta brit\u0173 fiziko vardu <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Higgs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Peteris Higgsas<\/a>. Nors Higgso darbas buvo paremtas ankstesniais tyrimais, jis pirmasis ai\u0161kiai numat\u0117 naujos dalel\u0117s egzistavim\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ma\u017edaug tuo pa\u010diu metu kaip ir Higgsas, belg\u0173 fizikas <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fran\u00e7ois Englert<\/a> ir jo kolega <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Brout\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Robert Brout<\/a> nepriklausomai suk\u016br\u0117 pana\u0161i\u0105 teorij\u0105. Broutas mir\u0117 2011 m., prie\u0161 pat Higso bozono atradim\u0105, o Englertui ir Higsui 2013 m. kartu buvo paskirta Nobelio fizikos premija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teorinei sistemai, pagal kuri\u0105 prognozuojamas Higso bozonas, taip pat didel\u0119 \u012ftak\u0105 dar\u0117 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerald_Guralnik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Geraldas Guralnikas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C._R._Hagen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Carl Hagen<\/a>, ir <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tom_Kibble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tomas Kibble<\/a>. J\u0173 bendromis pastangomis \u0161iuolaikin\u0117 fizika pasiek\u0117 did\u017eiausi\u0105 atradim\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Did\u017eiojo hadron\u0173 prie\u0161prie\u0161ini\u0173 sraut\u0173 greitintuvo (Lhc) vaidmuo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Higso bozonas buvo atrastas CERN Did\u017eiajame hadron\u0173 prie\u0161prie\u0161ini\u0173 sraut\u0173 greitintuve (LHC) netoli \u017denevos (\u0160veicarija). Didel\u0117s energijos susid\u016brim\u0173 metu LHC pagreitina protonus beveik iki \u0161viesos grei\u010dio, tod\u0117l tai yra did\u017eiausias ir galingiausias pasaulyje daleli\u0173 greitintuvas. Po \u0161i\u0173 susid\u016brim\u0173 mokslininkai gali tirti materijos prigimt\u012f tokiomis s\u0105lygomis, kokios buvo i\u0161kart po Did\u017eiojo sprogimo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"671\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/133113553_050d731ab0d894c81e2b3345c5d20baa3eb587a0.jpg.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/133113553_050d731ab0d894c81e2b3345c5d20baa3eb587a0.jpg.webp 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/133113553_050d731ab0d894c81e2b3345c5d20baa3eb587a0.jpg-300x197.webp 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/133113553_050d731ab0d894c81e2b3345c5d20baa3eb587a0.jpg-768x503.webp 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/133113553_050d731ab0d894c81e2b3345c5d20baa3eb587a0.jpg-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/133113553_050d731ab0d894c81e2b3345c5d20baa3eb587a0.jpg-100x66.webp 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0160altinis: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-61149387\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BBC JUNGTIN\u0116 KARALYST\u0116<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017denevoje statomo CERN Did\u017eiojo hadron\u0173 prie\u0161prie\u0161ini\u0173 sraut\u0173 greitintuvo atlaso detektorius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2008 m., po daugel\u012f met\u0173 trukusio planavimo ir statybos, LHC prad\u0117jo veikti. Viso pasaulio mokslininkai atliko du pagrindinius eksperimentus - ATLAS ir CMS, kuriais buvo ie\u0161koma Higso bozono ir kit\u0173 daleli\u0173. \u0160i\u0173 eksperiment\u0173 metu didel\u0117s energijos susidaran\u010dioms dalel\u0117ms steb\u0117ti buvo naudojami dideli detektoriai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2012 m. liepos 4 d. ATLAS ir CMS eksperimentai pasteb\u0117jo nauj\u0105 dalel\u0119, atitinkan\u010di\u0105 Higso bozono savybes. Dalel\u0117s mas\u0117 buvo ma\u017edaug 125 gigaelektronvolt\u0173 (GeV), o tai atitinka tik\u0117tin\u0105 Higgso bozono mas\u0119. D\u0117l \u0161io atradimo buvo patvirtinta svarbi standartinio modelio dalis ir pagilintas m\u016bs\u0173 supratimas apie visatos sandar\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tai, kad LHC pavyko atrasti Higso bozon\u0105, liudija, jog \u0161iuolaikinis mokslas, kuriame dalyvauja t\u016bkstan\u010diai mokslinink\u0173, in\u017einieri\u0173 ir technik\u0173 i\u0161 viso pasaulio, grind\u017eiamas bendradarbiavimu. Tai prad\u0117jo nauj\u0105 daleli\u0173 fizikos er\u0105 ir atv\u0117r\u0117 duris tolesniems subatominio pasaulio ir j\u012f valdan\u010di\u0173 fundamentali\u0173j\u0173 j\u0117g\u0173 tyrimams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Higgso bozono atradimo pasekm\u0117s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>Standartinio fizikos modelio patvirtinimas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fizikoje Higso bozono atradimas buvo labai svarbus \u012fvykis, vis\u0173 pirma tod\u0117l, kad juo buvo patvirtintas standartinis modelis - teorija, pad\u0117jusi suprasti pagrindines visatos daleles ir j\u0117gas. Pagal standartin\u012f model\u012f Higso bozonas yra atsakingas u\u017e Higso lauk\u0105 - esmin\u012f mechanizm\u0105, paai\u0161kinant\u012f, kod\u0117l tam tikros dalel\u0117s turi mas\u0119, o kitos - ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160ioje teorin\u0117je sistemoje Higso bozonas buvo paskutin\u0117 tr\u016bkstama detal\u0117 prie\u0161 j\u012f atrandant. Eksperimentinis \u0161ios teorijos \u012frodymas - 2012 m. CERN Did\u017eiajame hadron\u0173 prie\u0161prie\u0161ini\u0173 sraut\u0173 greitintuve (LHC) aptiktas Higso bozonas. Teorini\u0173 prognozi\u0173 patikrinimas naudojant pa\u017eangiausias technologijas buvo ne tik standartinio modelio, bet ir platesnio masto mokslinio metodo triumfas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Poveikis m\u016bs\u0173 supratimui apie Visatos pagrindin\u0119 strukt\u016br\u0105<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Higgso bozono egzistavimas daro didel\u0119 \u012ftak\u0105 m\u016bs\u0173 supratimui apie pagrindin\u0119 visatos strukt\u016br\u0105. Higgso bozono laukas persmelkia vis\u0105 erdv\u0119 ir s\u0105veikauja su elementariosiomis dalel\u0117mis, tokiomis kaip kvarkai ir leptonai, suteikdamas joms mas\u0119. Be \u0161io lauko negal\u0117tume tur\u0117ti tokios materijos, koki\u0105 pa\u017e\u012fstame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u0117l \u0161io atradimo taip pat geriau supratome ankstyv\u0105j\u0105 visat\u0105, ypa\u010d Did\u017eiojo sprogimo padarinius. Manoma, kad Higgso laukas \"\u012fsijung\u0117\" visatos k\u016bdikyst\u0117je, tod\u0117l susiformavo mas\u0119 turin\u010dios dalel\u0117s, kurios l\u0117m\u0117 galaktik\u0173, \u017evaig\u017ed\u017ei\u0173, planet\u0173 ir galiausiai gyvyb\u0117s atsiradim\u0105. Taigi, Higgso bozono supratimas suteikia labai svarbi\u0173 \u012f\u017evalg\u0173 apie visatos sandar\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Galimas poveikis b\u016bsimiems moksliniams tyrimams ir technologijoms<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Higso bozonas ne tik patvirtino tai, k\u0105 fizikai jau \u012ftar\u0117, bet ir atv\u0117r\u0117 naujas tyrim\u0173 kryptis. Standartin\u012f model\u012f pranokstanti fizika turi reik\u0161ming\u0173 pasekmi\u0173. Nors ir labai s\u0117kmingas, standartinis modelis neatspindi gravitacijos, tamsiosios med\u017eiagos ir tamsiosios energijos, kurios sudaro did\u017ei\u0105j\u0105 dal\u012f visatos. \u0160ias paslaptis gali pad\u0117ti \u012fminti Higso bozonas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pagal kai kurias teorijas tamsioji materija gali s\u0105veikauti su Higso lauku ir taip atskleisti jo prigimt\u012f. Be to, i\u0161samiau tiriant Higgso bozon\u0105 gali b\u016bti aptiktos naujos dalel\u0117s ar j\u0117gos, o tai pad\u0117t\u0173 geriau suprasti visat\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u0117l \u0161io atradimo jau padaryta technologin\u0117 pa\u017eanga duomen\u0173 apdorojimo, med\u017eiag\u0173 mokslo ir kvantin\u0117s kompiuterijos srityse. LHC sukurtos technologijos gali b\u016bti taikomos ne tik daleli\u0173 fizikos, bet ir kitose mokslo ir in\u017einerijos srityse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>I\u0161\u0161\u016bkiai ir kontroversijos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>I\u0161\u0161\u016bkiai, su kuriais susiduriama atrandant&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160iuolaikinei fizikai Higgso bozono atradimas tapo i\u0161\u0161\u016bkiu ir ambicingu i\u0161\u0161\u016bkiu. Didel\u0117 problema kilo d\u0117l ne\u012ftik\u0117tinai sunkiai pasiekiamo Higso bozono, kurio gyvavimo trukm\u0117 trumpa ir kuris yra labai retas. Norint j\u012f aptikti, reik\u0117jo mil\u017eini\u0161ko energijos lygio, kad b\u016bt\u0173 atkurtos ankstyvosios visatos s\u0105lygos. CERN LHC - did\u017eiausias ir galingiausias pasaulyje daleli\u0173 greitintuvas - tai pasiek\u0117 sutriu\u0161kindamas protonus beveik \u0161viesos grei\u010diu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taip pat buvo sud\u0117tinga analizuoti tok\u012f didel\u012f duomen\u0173 kiek\u012f. LHC protonai susiduria trilijonus kart\u0173 per sekund\u0119, ir dauguma j\u0173 yra foninis triuk\u0161mas, o ne Higgso bozono \u012frodymas. Norint nustatyti konkre\u010dius Higso bozono po\u017eymius tarp \u0161io did\u017eiulio kiekio duomen\u0173, reik\u0117jo sud\u0117tingo detektoriaus, mil\u017eini\u0161kos skai\u010diavimo galios ir pa\u017eangi\u0173 algoritm\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Prie\u0161taravimai ir diskusijos mokslo bendruomen\u0117je<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mokslo bendruomen\u0117je Higso bozono atradimas neapsi\u0117jo be gin\u010d\u0173 ir diskusij\u0173. Prie\u0161 atrandant \u0161i\u0105 dalel\u0119 buvo \u012fvairi\u0173 nuomoni\u0173, ar ji apskritai egzistuoja. Nema\u017eai fizik\u0173 abejojo, ar Standartinis modelis remiasi Higgso bozonu, ir si\u016bl\u0117 alternatyvias teorijas daleli\u0173 masei paai\u0161kinti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tam tikras skepticizmas i\u0161liko net ir po to, kai 2012 m. buvo atrastas Higso bozonas. Kai kurie kritikai teig\u0117, kad tai, kas buvo pasteb\u0117ta, gali b\u016bti ne Higso bozonas, kaip numatyta standartiniame modelyje, o kita dalel\u0117 ar jos atmaina. Vykstan\u010dios diskusijos iliustruoja daleli\u0173 fizikos sud\u0117tingum\u0105 ir atsarg\u0173 mokslinio sutarimo pob\u016bd\u012f, kai nauji atradimai da\u017enai kelia daugiau klausim\u0173 nei atsakym\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Eksperiment\u0173 kaina ir mastas&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vienas svarbiausi\u0173 istorijoje mokslini\u0173 projekt\u0173 - Didysis hadron\u0173 prie\u0161prie\u0161ini\u0173 sraut\u0173 greitintuvas - leido atrasti Higso bozon\u0105. Nepaisant to, LHC mastas ir kaina kelia ir susi\u017eav\u0117jim\u0105, ir kritik\u0105. Daugiau nei 10 000 mokslinink\u0173 ir in\u017einieri\u0173 i\u0161 daugiau nei 100 \u0161ali\u0173 LHC k\u016br\u0117 beveik de\u0161imtmet\u012f. Apskai\u010diuota, kad LHC finansin\u0117s i\u0161laidos svyruoja nuo $4,75 mlrd. iki $9 mlrd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f pasaulini\u0173 problem\u0173 aktualum\u0105, daugelis kritik\u0173 suabejojo, ar b\u016btina skirti tokias dideles investicijas \u012f fundamentinius mokslinius tyrimus. Kiti teig\u0117, kad pinigus b\u016bt\u0173 buv\u0119 geriau i\u0161leisti skubesn\u0117ms problemoms spr\u0119sti, pavyzd\u017eiui, sveikatos prie\u017ei\u016brai ar klimato kaitai. Prie\u0161ingai, LHC ir pana\u0161i\u0173 projekt\u0173 \u0161alininkai teigia, kad fundamentiniai tyrimai skatina technologines naujoves ir \u017einias, o tai da\u017enai lemia nenumatytus praktinius pritaikymus, kurie ilgainiui duoda naudos visuomenei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nors Higgso bozono atradimas yra did\u017eiulis pasiekimas, jis taip pat primena, kad \u017eini\u0173 siekimas ir praktiniai i\u0161tekli\u0173 paskirstymo aspektai reikalauja subtilios pusiausvyros. Didelius mokslo laim\u0117jimus da\u017enai lydi diskusijos ir i\u0161\u0161\u016bkiai, susij\u0119 su Higgso bozonu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Dabartiniai ir b\u016bsimi tyrimai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>Vykdomi su Higgso bozonu susij\u0119 moksliniai tyrimai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nuo pat atradimo 2012 m. mokslininkai daug d\u0117mesio skiria Higso bozono savyb\u0117ms suprasti. Fizikus ypa\u010d domina Higgso bozono mas\u0117, sukinys ir s\u0105veikos su kitomis dalel\u0117mis stiprumas. \u0160ie matavimai yra labai svarb\u016bs, nes bet koks nukrypimas nuo prognozuot\u0173 ver\u010di\u0173 gali reik\u0161ti naujos fizikos egzistavim\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Be to, mokslininkai tiria, kaip Higso bozonas skyla \u012f fotonus, W ir Z bozonus, taip pat dar egzoti\u0161kesnes daleles, pavyzd\u017eiui, tamsiosios med\u017eiagos kandidatus. Gali b\u016bti \u012fmanoma pasinaudoti \u0161iais skilimo kanalais, siekiant atskleisti Higso bozono lauko ir kit\u0173 fundamentali\u0173j\u0173 visatos j\u0117g\u0173 s\u0105sajas. Jie taip pat gali pad\u0117ti i\u0161siai\u0161kinti Higgso bozono vaidmen\u012f visatoje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>K\u0105 mokslininkai tikisi atrasti toliau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Atradus Higso bozon\u0105 buvo pasiektas svarbus etapas, ta\u010diau i\u0161kilo ir daug klausim\u0173. Pagrindinis klausimas - ar Higso bozonas egzistuoja kaip atskira dalel\u0117, ar kaip didesn\u0117s \u012f Higso bozon\u0105 pana\u0161i\u0173 daleli\u0173 \u0161eimos narys. Yra teorij\u0173, kuriose teigiama, kad gali b\u016bti papildom\u0173 Higso bozon\u0173, kurie gal\u0117t\u0173 paai\u0161kinti tamsi\u0105j\u0105 med\u017eiag\u0105 ir disbalans\u0105 tarp materijos ir antimaterijos visatoje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fizikai taip pat trok\u0161ta atrasti fizik\u0105 u\u017e standartinio modelio rib\u0173. Nors standartinis modelis labai s\u0117kmingai apra\u0161o pagrindines daleles ir j\u0117gas, jis nepaai\u0161kina toki\u0173 rei\u0161kini\u0173 kaip gravitacija ar tamsioji energija. I\u0161samesn\u0119 visatos teorij\u0105 b\u016bt\u0173 galima sukurti tiksliau i\u0161tyrus Higso bozon\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Nauji eksperimentai ir Did\u017eiojo hadron\u0173 prie\u0161prie\u0161ini\u0173 sraut\u0173 greitintuvo patobulinimai&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Siekiant toliau tirti Higso bozon\u0105 ir jo reik\u0161m\u0119, CERN LHC buvo gerokai patobulintas. Siekiant geriau valdyti daleli\u0173 pluo\u0161tus ir pasiruo\u0161ti b\u016bsimoms didelio \u0161viesio operacijoms, \u012frengta 16 nauj\u0173 kolimatori\u0173.  Tikimasi, kad \u0161is atnaujinimas leis atlikti tikslesnius Higso bozono ir jo savybi\u0173 matavimus, kurie suteiks verting\u0173 \u017eini\u0173 apie visat\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Naudodamas 13,6 trilijono elektronvolt\u0173 (TeV) susid\u016brimo energij\u0105, LHC dabar gali sukurti sunkesnes ir galb\u016bt ne\u017einomas daleles. Ruo\u0161iantis HL-LHC projektui, buvo sumontuoti kriogeniniai mazgai ir papildoma \u0161ilumos apkrovos matavimo \u012franga. HL-LHC bus kompakti\u0161ka superlaidi krabo ertm\u0117 ir niobio alavo (Nb3Sn) greitintuvo magnetas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atnaujinus LHC padid\u0117s duomen\u0173 rinkimo paj\u0117gumai, pager\u0117s jo patikimumas ir bus galima padaryti nauj\u0173 daleli\u0173 fizikos atradim\u0173. Artimiausioje ateityje dideli\u0173 energij\u0173 fizikos pasaulyje yra ko laukti!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Be LHC, kitais eksperimentais, pavyzd\u017eiui, kompaktiniu linijiniu greitintuvu (CLIC) ir tarptautiniu linijiniu greitintuvu (ILC), siekiama sukurti kitoki\u0105 susid\u016brimo aplink\u0105 (elektron\u0173 ir pozitron\u0173 susid\u016brimai vietoj proton\u0173 ir proton\u0173 susid\u016brim\u0173). \u0160iais eksperimentais b\u016bt\u0173 galima tiksliau i\u0161matuoti Higgso bozono dalel\u0117s savybes ir taip atverti naujas tyrim\u0173 galimybes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kai buvo atrasta Higso bozono dalel\u0117, tai dar nebuvo istorijos pabaiga. Ateityje, t\u0119sdami tyrimus, gal\u0117sime geriau suprasti \u0161i\u0105 neai\u0161ki\u0105 dalel\u0119 ir jos vaidmen\u012f visatoje. Mokslininkai tyrin\u0117ja Higgso bozon\u0105 siekdami atskleisti nauj\u0105 fizik\u0105, kuri gali pakeisti m\u016bs\u0173 supratim\u0105 apie pagrindines visat\u0105 valdan\u010dias j\u0117gas. Higgso bozono tyrim\u0173 ateitis atrodo \u0161viesi ir daug \u017eadanti, nes tokie pa\u017eang\u016bs eksperimentai kaip HL-LHC ir galimi nauji kolidoriai jau yra horizonte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>J\u016bs\u0173 k\u016briniai bus paruo\u0161ti per kelias minutes!&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sudominkite auditorij\u0105 vizualiai patraukliais vaizdais, sukurtais remiantis j\u016bs\u0173 tyrimais, taip sutaupydami laiko ir prikaustydami auditorijos d\u0117mes\u012f. Nesvarbu, ar tai b\u016bt\u0173 sud\u0117tingi duomen\u0173 rinkiniai, ar sud\u0117tingos koncepcijos, <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> galite kurti \u012fdomias infografikas. M\u016bs\u0173 intuityvi platforma leid\u017eia greitai sukurti stulbinan\u010dius vaizdinius, kurie veiksmingai perteikia j\u016bs\u0173 id\u0117jas. Jei reikia, m\u016bs\u0173 ekspert\u0173 komanda gali jums pad\u0117ti ir patarti. Prad\u0117kite kurti \u0161iandien ir padarykite nei\u0161dildom\u0105 \u012fsp\u016bd\u012f. Apsilankykite m\u016bs\u0173 <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science-figures\/\">svetain\u0117<\/a> daugiau informacijos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"517\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/illustrations-banner.webp\" alt=\"iliustracijos-baneriai\" class=\"wp-image-27276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/illustrations-banner.webp 517w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/illustrations-banner-300x145.webp 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/illustrations-banner-18x9.webp 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/illustrations-banner-100x48.webp 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prad\u0117kite kurti su Mind the Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Susipa\u017einkite su Higso bozono dalele ir jos did\u017eiule reik\u0161me fizikai. Atraskite jos savybes ir poveik\u012f planetos pa\u017einimui.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":55548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Higgs Boson Particle: New Frontiers in Understanding the Universe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the Higgs boson particle and its profound implication in physics. Discover the properties and impact on understanding of the planet.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/higgs-boson-particle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Higgs Boson Particle: New Frontiers in Understanding the Universe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explore the Higgs boson particle and its profound implication in physics. Discover the properties and impact on understanding of the planet.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/higgs-boson-particle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-30T18:49:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-24T19:00:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/higgs-boson-particle.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1123\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"612\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Aayushi Zaveri\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Higgs Boson Particle: New Frontiers in Understanding the Universe\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Explore the Higgs boson particle and its profound implication in physics. 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She is currently pursuing a master's degree in Bioentrepreneurship from Karolinska Institute. She is interested in health and diseases, global health, socioeconomic development, and women's health. As a science enthusiast, she is keen in learning more about the scientific world and wants to play a part in making a difference.","sameAs":["http:\/\/linkedin.com\/in\/aayushizaveri"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/author\/aayuyshi\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55543"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55543"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55547,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55543\/revisions\/55547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55548"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}