{"id":28779,"date":"2023-07-26T06:52:12","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T09:52:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/extraneous-variables-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T15:48:38","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T18:48:38","slug":"reliability-vs-validity-in-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/patikimumo-ir-patikimumo-tyrimai\/","title":{"rendered":"Patikimumas ir pagr\u012fstumas tyrimuose: Patikimumas ir patikimumas."},"content":{"rendered":"

Prie\u0161 prad\u0117dami rinkti duomenis, tyr\u0117jai turi \u012fsitikinti, kad j\u0173 tyrimo priemon\u0117s yra patikimos ir galiojan\u010dios. Duomen\u0173 patikimumas ir pagr\u012fstumas yra dvi svarbios mokslini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 s\u0105vokos, naudojamos surinkt\u0173 duomen\u0173 kokybei \u012fvertinti. Tiek duomen\u0173 patikimumas, tiek pagr\u012fstumas yra labai svarb\u016bs tyrimuose, nes u\u017etikrina, kad gauti rezultatai b\u016bt\u0173 tiksl\u016bs, nuosekl\u016bs ir patikimi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patikimumas ir pagr\u012fstumas moksliniuose tyrimuose<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Patikimumas<\/strong> rei\u0161kia matavimo nuoseklum\u0105 arba stabilum\u0105 laikui b\u0117gant arba skirtingiems vertintojams. Matavimo priemon\u0117 laikoma patikima, jei pakartotinai naudojant j\u0105 tam pa\u010diam dalykui matuoti gaunami tie patys rezultatai. Kitaip tariant, tai patikima priemon\u0117, kuri duoda pastovius rezultatus, nepriklausomai nuo to, kas, kada ir kokiomis s\u0105lygomis j\u0105 taiko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galiojimas<\/strong> rei\u0161kia, kokiu mastu matavimo priemon\u0117 matuoja tai, k\u0105 ji tur\u0117t\u0173 matuoti. Matavimo instrumentas laikomas galiojan\u010diu, jei jis tiksliai matuoja s\u0105vok\u0105 ar konstruktus, kuriuos jis skirtas matuoti. Kitaip tariant, tai yra galiojanti priemon\u0117, kuri matuoja tai, k\u0105 teigia, kad matuoja, ir duoda rezultatus, kurie yra prasmingi ir susij\u0119 su tyrimo klausimu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apibendrinant galima teigti, kad patikimumas rei\u0161kia matavimo nuoseklum\u0105, o pagr\u012fstumas - matavimo tikslum\u0105 arba teisingum\u0105. Patikimumas svarbus siekiant u\u017etikrinti rezultat\u0173 nuoseklum\u0105 ir stabilum\u0105, o pagr\u012fstumas labai svarbus siekiant u\u017etikrinti, kad rezultatai, gauti naudojant matavimo priemon\u0119, b\u016bt\u0173 prasmingi ir susij\u0119 su tyrimo klausimu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ioje lentel\u0117je pateikiama trumpa nuoroda \u012f patikimumo ir pagr\u012fstumo santyk\u012f moksliniuose tyrimuose:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Kriterijai<\/strong><\/th>Patikimumas<\/strong><\/th>Galiojimas<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Apibr\u0117\u017eimas<\/td>Priemon\u0117s nuoseklumo laipsnis, kai laikui b\u0117gant ir skirtingose imtyse gaunami tie patys rezultatai.<\/td>Kiek tiksliai priemon\u0117 matuoja tai, k\u0105 ji tur\u0117t\u0173 matuoti.<\/td><\/tr>
Tipai<\/td>Testo patikimumas, patikimumas tarp vertintoj\u0173, vidinio nuoseklumo patikimumas.<\/td>Turinio validumas, kriterinis validumas ir konstrukto validumas.<\/td><\/tr>
Pavyzdys<\/td>Vaist\u0173 poveik\u012f kraujosp\u016bd\u017eiui galima patikrinti tikrinant, ar skirtingu laiku u\u017efiksuoti kraujosp\u016bd\u017eio rodmenys sutampa tarpusavyje.<\/td>Apklausa, kuria tiksliai nustatomas pasitenkinimas darbu.<\/td><\/tr>
Svarbumas<\/td>Tai svarbu siekiant gauti nuoseklius rezultatus ir suma\u017einti matavimo paklaidas.<\/td>Svarbu u\u017etikrinti priemon\u0117s pagr\u012fstum\u0105.<\/td><\/tr>
Tikslas<\/td>Siekiant u\u017etikrinti, kad matavimo priemon\u0117 duot\u0173 nuoseklius rezultatus.<\/td>U\u017etikrinti, kad matavimo priemon\u0117 duot\u0173 tikslius rezultatus.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kas yra patikimumas?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Duomen\u0173 patikimumas rei\u0161kia, kokiu mastu galima pakartoti tyrimo rezultatus. Jis rei\u0161kia tyrimo priemon\u0117s, pavyzd\u017eiui, apklausos ar klausimyno, gaut\u0173 rezultat\u0173 nuoseklum\u0105 ir stabilum\u0105. Jei tyrimo priemon\u0117 yra patikima, ji tur\u0117t\u0173 duoti vienodus rezultatus, kai daug kart\u0173 taikoma tai pa\u010diai dalyvi\u0173 grupei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas yra pagr\u012fstumas?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Duomen\u0173 pagr\u012fstumas - tai tyrimo instrumento gaut\u0173 rezultat\u0173 tikslumas. Tai rei\u0161kia, kiek tyrimo priemon\u0117 matuoja tai, k\u0105 ji turi matuoti. Kitaip tariant, jei tyrimo priemon\u0117 yra validi, ji tur\u0117t\u0173 tiksliai i\u0161matuoti s\u0105vok\u0105 ar rei\u0161kin\u012f, kuriam i\u0161matuoti ji skirta. Egzistuoja \u012fvairi\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 validumas, pavyzd\u017eiui, tiesioginis validumas, turinio validumas, konstrukto validumas ir kriterinis validumas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
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Per hoganassessments.com<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Patikimumo ir pagr\u012fstumo vertinimas<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Patikimumo ir pagr\u012fstumo vertinimas yra svarbus procesas rengiant ir vertinant bet koki\u0105 tyrimo priemon\u0119, pavyzd\u017eiui, apklausas, klausimynus ar testus. Patikimumas rei\u0161kia matavimo nuoseklum\u0105 arba stabilum\u0105 laikui b\u0117gant arba skirtingiems vertintojams, o pagr\u012fstumas rei\u0161kia, kiek priemon\u0117 matuoja tai, k\u0105 ji tur\u0117t\u0173 matuoti. Apskritai patikimumo ir pagr\u012fstumo vertinimas yra labai svarbus u\u017etikrinant, kad tyrimo priemon\u0117s b\u016bt\u0173 tikslios ir duot\u0173 nuoseklius rezultatus, o tai didina tyrimo kokyb\u0119 ir patikimum\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patikimumas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yra keletas patikimumo vertinimo metod\u0173, \u012fskaitant testavimo ir pakartotinio testavimo patikimum\u0105, patikimum\u0105 tarp vertintoj\u0173 ir vidinio nuoseklumo patikimum\u0105. Toliau pateikiama pavyzdin\u0117 lentel\u0117, kurioje parodyta, kaip patikimumas gali b\u016bti naudojamas tyrimuose:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Patikimumo tipas<\/strong><\/th>Apra\u0161ymas<\/strong><\/th>Pavyzdys<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Testo ir pakartotinio testavimo patikimumas<\/td>Priemon\u0117s rezultat\u0173 nuoseklumas laikui b\u0117gant, kai ji taikoma tai pa\u010diai \u017emoni\u0173 grupei du ar daugiau kart\u0173.<\/td>Apklausos pateikimas dalyvi\u0173 grupei, o po savait\u0117s tos pa\u010dios apklausos pateikimas tai pa\u010diai dalyvi\u0173 grupei ir rezultat\u0173 palyginimas.<\/td><\/tr>
Tarp\u017einybinis patikimumas<\/td>Tai, kiek skirtingi vertintojai ar steb\u0117tojai, vertindami ar steb\u0117dami t\u0105 pat\u012f dalyk\u0105, pateikia vienodus rezultatus.<\/td>Du ar daugiau vertintoj\u0173, nepriklausomai vertinan\u010di\u0173 t\u0105 pat\u012f ra\u0161ini\u0173 rinkin\u012f, palygina savo \u012fvertinimus ir nustato, ar jie sutampa.<\/td><\/tr>
Vidinis nuoseklumas Patikimumas<\/td>Kiek skirtingi priemon\u0117s elementai ar klausimai duoda nuoseklius rezultatus.<\/td>Apskai\u010diuoti koreliacij\u0105 tarp atsakym\u0173 \u012f skirtingus klausimyno, skirto tam pa\u010diam konstruktui, pavyzd\u017eiui, savigarbai, matuoti, punktus.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Atkreipkite d\u0117mes\u012f, kad tai tik pavyzdin\u0117 lentel\u0117 ir kad, atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f tyrimo kontekst\u0105, galima \u012ftraukti daug kit\u0173 patikimumo tip\u0173. Svarbu pasirinkti tinkam\u0105 (-us) patikimumo tip\u0105 (-us) savo tyrimui ir suplanuoti tyrim\u0105 taip, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima veiksmingai \u012fvertinti patikimum\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galiojimas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Norint \u012fvertinti validum\u0105, galima nagrin\u0117ti \u012fvairius validumo tipus, pavyzd\u017eiui, turinio validum\u0105, kriterij\u0173 validum\u0105 ir konstrukto validum\u0105. Toliau pateikiama pavyzdin\u0117 lentel\u0117, kurioje parodyta, kaip validumas gali veikti tyrime:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Galiojimo tipas<\/strong><\/th>Apra\u0161ymas<\/strong><\/th>Pavyzdys<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Turinio pagr\u012fstumas<\/td>Kiek priemon\u0117 atspindi visus tam tikro konstrukto aspektus.<\/td>Klausim\u0173 ar klausim\u0173, skirt\u0173 depresijai \u012fvertinti, rinkinio per\u017ei\u016bra ir \u012fvertinimas, ar jie apima visus svarbius depresijos aspektus.<\/td><\/tr>
Kriterijaus pagr\u012fstumas<\/td>Priemon\u0117s s\u0105sajos su konkre\u010diu kriterijumi ar rezultatu laipsnis.<\/td>Naujo matematini\u0173 geb\u0117jim\u0173 vertinimo rezultato lyginimas su esamo matematikos testo, kuris laikomas \"auksiniu standartu\", rezultatais, siekiant \u012fvertinti, kaip gerai naujasis vertinimo metodas prognozuoja esamo testo rezultatus.<\/td><\/tr>
Konstrukto validumas<\/td>Tai rei\u0161kia, kiek tiksliai priemon\u0117 matuoja numatyt\u0105 konstrukt\u0105.<\/td>Ekstraversijos rodiklio bal\u0173 koreliacija su kitais susijusi\u0173 konstrukt\u0173, pavyzd\u017eiui, socialinio aktyvumo ir bendravimo, rodikliais, siekiant \u012fvertinti, kiek rodiklis atspindi numatyt\u0105 konstrukt\u0105.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Integruokite informacij\u0105 ir iliustracijas \u012f gra\u017eias ir paveikias skaidres<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mind the Graph<\/a> tai platforma, kurioje mokslininkams suteikiamos priemon\u0117s vizualiai patrauklioms ir paveikioms skaidr\u0117ms kurti. Platformoje si\u016blomi \u012fvair\u016bs vizualiai patraukl\u016bs j\u016bs\u0173 tyrimams skirti paveiksl\u0117liai, padedantys mokslininkams esteti\u0161kai ir efektyviai organizuoti informacij\u0105 ir iliustracijas. Galutinis rezultatas - profesionaliai atrodanti prezentacija, kuri veiksmingai perteikia mokslin\u0119 informacij\u0105 platesnei auditorijai. Naudodami Mind the Graph mokslininkai gali lengvai integruoti informacij\u0105 ir iliustracijas \u012f gra\u017eius ir paveikius pristatymus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Prad\u0117kite kurti su Mind the Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u0160iame i\u0161samiame vadove su\u017einosite apie patikimum\u0105 ir pagr\u012fstum\u0105 tyrimuose. Su\u017einokite, koki\u0105 \u012ftak\u0105 jie turi j\u016bs\u0173 tyrim\u0173 kokybei.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":28781,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nReliability vs Validity in Research: Measuring What Matters - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about reliability vs validity in research with this comprehensive guide. 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