{"id":26773,"date":"2023-02-22T16:11:49","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T19:11:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=26773"},"modified":"2023-02-28T16:37:48","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T19:37:48","slug":"racism-in-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/rasizmas-moksle\/","title":{"rendered":"Rasizmas moksle: Rasizmas rasizme moksle: yra daugiau, nei atrodo i\u0161 pirmo \u017evilgsnio"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rasizmas buvo did\u017eiul\u0117 \u017emonijos istorijos dalis ir iki \u0161iol vyksta visame pasaulyje. D\u0117l \u0161ios \u017eiaurios praktikos, kai \u017emon\u0117s diskriminuojami d\u0117l j\u0173 odos spalvos, gimimo ir tik\u0117jimo, \u017emon\u0117s tampa nelaimingesni u\u017e bet kuri\u0105 kit\u0105 b\u016btyb\u0119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar blogiau yra tai, kad vienintelis dalykas, kuriuo \u017emon\u0117s tur\u0117t\u0173 tik\u0117ti, - pats \"mokslas\" - per vis\u0105 istorij\u0105 palaik\u0117 rasizm\u0105. Rasizmas moksle<\/strong> yra tai, ko daugelis ne\u017eino, ir \u0161iame straipsnyje mes i\u0161samiai su\u017einosime, kuo mokslas privert\u0117 \u017emones tik\u0117ti, kai kalbama apie rasizm\u0105, ir kaip tai paveik\u0117 daugyb\u0119 \u017emoni\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaip rasizmas plinta moksle?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rasizmas yra \u017ealinga ir pla\u010diai paplitusi problema, daranti \u012ftak\u0105 daugeliui visuomen\u0117s aspekt\u0173, \u012fskaitant ir mokslo srit\u012f. Nors mokslas da\u017enai laikomas objektyviu ir ne\u0161ali\u0161ku, jis n\u0117ra apsaugotas nuo t\u0173 pa\u010di\u0173 prietar\u0173 ir \u0161ali\u0161kumo, kurie egzistuoja ir kitur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rasizmas moksliniuose tyrimuose gali pasireik\u0161ti \u012fvairiais b\u016bdais, pavyzd\u017eiui, nepakankamai atstovaujant tam tikroms rasin\u0117ms grup\u0117ms ir naudojant rasinius stereotipus bei \u0161ali\u0161kum\u0105 analizuojant ir interpretuojant duomenis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viena i\u0161 labiausiai pastebim\u0173 rasizmo form\u0173 moksle yra nepakankamas tam tikr\u0173 rasini\u0173 grupi\u0173 atstovavimas moksliniuose tyrimuose. Tai gali tur\u0117ti neigiam\u0173 pasekmi\u0173, pavyzd\u017eiui, neefektyvus arba \u017ealingas medicininis gydymas spalvotosios ras\u0117s \u017emon\u0117ms, kurie nebuvo tinkamai atstovaujami klinikiniuose tyrimuose. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160io nepakankamo atstovavimo prie\u017eastys yra sud\u0117tingos, ta\u010diau da\u017enai jos susijusios su poreikiu u\u017etikrinti didesn\u0119 \u012fvairov\u0119 tarp pa\u010di\u0173 mokslinink\u0173. Kai mokslinink\u0173 bendruomen\u0117je dominuoja tam tikros ras\u0117s ar etnin\u0117s grup\u0117s atstovai, j\u0173 po\u017ei\u016briai ir mokslini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 prioritetai gali nety\u010dia neatsi\u017evelgti \u012f kit\u0173 grupi\u0173 patirt\u012f ir poreikius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pseudomokslas, d\u0117l kurio rasizmas tapo gera praktika:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pseudomoksl\u0173 atsiradimas yra daugiau nei mokslo pra\u017e\u016btis, nes dauguma j\u0173 palaik\u0117 rasizm\u0105 ir pateik\u0117 nelogi\u0161k\u0173 paai\u0161kinim\u0173, kuriuos \u017emon\u0117s laik\u0117 teisingais. I\u0161vardijome kelet\u0105 praktik\u0173, kurias sugalvojo pseudomokslas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eugenika<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Eugenika - tai diskredituota mokslin\u0117 teorija, si\u016blanti tobulinti \u017emoni\u0173 ras\u0119 selektyviai veisiant asmenis, turin\u010dius pageidaujam\u0173 savybi\u0173, ir neleid\u017eiant daugintis nepageidaujam\u0173 savybi\u0173 turintiems asmenims.
\u0160ia teorija remiama rasistin\u0117 politika, \u012fskaitant priverstin\u0119 sterilizacij\u0105 ir imigracijos apribojimus, ypa\u010d nukreiptus prie\u0161 spalvotuosius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frenologija<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Frenologija Tai diskredituota mokslin\u0117 teorija, teigianti, kad pagal \u017emogaus kaukol\u0117s konfig\u016bracij\u0105 ir matmenis galima nustatyti jo intelektinius geb\u0117jimus ir asmenyb\u0117s bruo\u017eus. \u0160i teorija buvo naudojama rasistiniams \u012fsitikinimams, kad tam tikros ras\u0117s atstovai i\u0161 prigimties yra protingesni ar agresyvesni u\u017e kitus, remiantis tariama j\u0173 kaukoli\u0173 forma, patvirtinti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Socialinis darvinizmas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Socialinis darvinizmas - tai pseudomokslin\u0117 teorija, kuri remiasi nat\u016bralios atrankos principais \u017emoni\u0173 visuomen\u0117se ir teigia, kad tam tikros ras\u0117s ar socialin\u0117s klas\u0117s i\u0161 prigimties yra prana\u0161esn\u0117s u\u017e kitas ir kad normalu, jog stiprieji dominuoja prie\u0161 silpnuosius.
\u0160i teorija buvo naudojama siekiant \u012fteisinti kolonializm\u0105 ir imperializm\u0105, taip pat politik\u0105, kuri buvo palanki turtingiesiems ir \u012ftakingiesiems, o varg\u0161ai ir nepalankioje pad\u0117tyje esantys \u017emon\u0117s buvo engiami. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mokslinis rasizmas \u017emonijos istorijoje:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

XIX a. mokslinis rasizmas dar labiau \u012fsi\u0161aknijo, nes mokslininkai, siekdami pagr\u012fsti teiginius apie rasin\u0119 vir\u0161enyb\u0119, taik\u0117 naujus metodus, tokius kaip kraniometrija (kaukol\u0117s dyd\u017eio ir formos matavimas) ir frenologija (\u017emogaus kaukol\u0117s i\u0161kilim\u0173 tyrimas).
Vienas i\u0161 pavyzd\u017ei\u0173 - amerikie\u010di\u0173 gydytojas Samuelis Mortonas, kuris surinko kaukoles i\u0161 \u012fvairi\u0173 pasaulio viet\u0173 ir jomis pasinaudojo \u012frodin\u0117damas, kad europie\u010di\u0173 smegenys buvo didesn\u0117s, taigi jie buvo intelektualiai pa\u017eangesni u\u017e kitas rases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XX am\u017eiuje rasizmas moksle \u012fgavo dar klastingesn\u0119 form\u0105, nes mokslininkai siek\u0117 \u012frodyti biologin\u012f rasini\u0173 skirtum\u0173 pagrind\u0105. Vienas li\u016bdnai pagars\u0117j\u0119s pavyzdys - Tuskegee sifilio eksperimentas, kurio metu afroamerikie\u010diai vyrai buvo s\u0105moningai negydomi nuo sifilio, siekiant i\u0161tirti nat\u016brali\u0105 ligos eig\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eksperimentas truko 40 met\u0173, per kuriuos vyrams buvo atsisakyta suteikti gydym\u0105 net po to, kai buvo atrastas penicilinas kaip vaistas nuo ligos. \u0160is tyrimas ai\u0161kiai parodo, kaip rasizmas gali pasireik\u0161ti moksliniuose tyrimuose, o tai gali tur\u0117ti pra\u017e\u016bting\u0173 pasekmi\u0173 marginalizuotoms bendruomen\u0117ms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deja, mokslin\u012f rasizm\u0105 ir \u0161iandien propaguoja kai kurie asmenys ir grup\u0117s, da\u017enai pateikdami pseudomokslinius teiginius apie genetik\u0105 ar intelekt\u0105. Pavyzd\u017eiui, kai kurios balt\u0173j\u0173 vir\u0161enyb\u0117s \u0161alinink\u0173 grup\u0117s teigia, kad europie\u010di\u0173 kilm\u0117s \u017emon\u0117s yra geneti\u0161kai prana\u0161esni u\u017e kit\u0173 rasi\u0173 atstovus. Tuo pat metu kai kurie rasin\u0117s medicinos \u0161alininkai teigia apie \u012fgimtus biologinius rasi\u0173 skirtumus, kurie n\u0117ra pagr\u012fsti moksliniais \u012frodymais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaip mokslinis rasizmas veikia bendr\u0105 mokslo supratim\u0105?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0160iais laikais rasizmas moksle gali pasireik\u0161ti \u012fvairiais b\u016bdais. Ry\u0161kus pavyzdys - nepakankamas spalvot\u0173j\u0173 atstovavimas mokslo srityse, d\u0117l kurio tr\u016bksta \u012fvairov\u0117s moksliniuose tyrimuose ir ribotai suprantama marginalizuot\u0173 grupi\u0173 gyvenimo patirtis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be to, dar viena rasizmo mokslo srityje forma yra rasistini\u0173 stereotip\u0173 \u012ftvirtinimas mokslin\u0117je literat\u016broje, pavyzd\u017eiui, \u012fsitikinimas, kad tam tikros ras\u0117s atstovai i\u0161 prigimties yra labiau link\u0119 \u012f smurt\u0105 ar nusikalstam\u0105 elges\u012f. \u0160ios nuostatos da\u017enai grind\u017eiamos nei\u0161samiais arba klaidingais duomenimis, ta\u010diau vis tiek gali daryti didel\u0119 \u012ftak\u0105 visuomen\u0117s suvokimui ir politikos formavimui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 \u017eingsniai kovojant su rasizmu moksle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Problemos pripa\u017einimas <\/strong>- Pirmasis \u017eingsnis sprend\u017eiant rasizmo problem\u0105 moksle yra pripa\u017einti jo buvim\u0105 ir \u012fsipareigoti imtis poky\u010di\u0173.
    Tai apima aktyv\u0173 rasizmo atvej\u0173 moksliniuose tyrimuose ir platesn\u0117je visuomen\u0117je atpa\u017einim\u0105 ir \u0161alinim\u0105, taip pat pastangas didinti \u012fvairov\u0119 mokslo srityse ir u\u017etikrinti, kad marginalizuotos bendruomen\u0117s tur\u0117t\u0173 galimyb\u0119 naudotis mokslo i\u0161tekliais ir galimyb\u0117mis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Skaidrumo didinimas<\/strong> - Kitas svarbus \u017eingsnis - didinti mokslini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 skaidrum\u0105 ir atskaitomyb\u0119. Tai galima pasiekti vie\u0161ai skelbiant duomenis ir metodus, kad kiti tyr\u0117jai gal\u0117t\u0173 i\u0161nagrin\u0117ti ir atkurti rezultatus.
      Tai taip pat rei\u0161kia, kad reikia atpa\u017einti ir spr\u0119sti galimus interes\u0173 konfliktus ir \u0161ali\u0161kum\u0105 mokslo bendruomen\u0117je, pavyzd\u017eiui, \u012fmoni\u0173 finansavimo poveik\u012f mokslini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 rezultatams. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. \u017dvilgsnis i\u0161 etin\u0117s perspektyvos<\/strong> - Galiausiai, atliekant mokslinius tyrimus pirmenyb\u0117 tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti teikiama etiniams aspektams. Tai rei\u0161kia, kad reikia u\u017etikrinti, jog moksliniai tyrimai b\u016bt\u0173 atliekami u\u017etikrinant asmen\u0173, \u012fskaitant marginalizuot\u0173 bendruomeni\u0173 atstovus, teises ir orum\u0105. Be to, reikia pripa\u017einti, kad moksliniai tyrimai gali sukelti \u017eal\u0105, ir \u012fgyvendinti priemones \u0161iai rizikai suma\u017einti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Apibendrinant galima pasakyti, kad rasizmo problema moksle yra daugialyp\u0117 ir reikalauja visapusi\u0161ko sprendimo. Pripa\u017eindami jo buvim\u0105, skatindami skaidrum\u0105 ir atskaitomyb\u0119 bei teikdami pirmenyb\u0119 etiniams aspektams, galime siekti kovoti su rasizmu moksle ir kurti labiau prisitaikan\u010di\u0105 ir teisingesn\u0119 visuomen\u0119 visiems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Integruokite informacij\u0105 ir iliustracijas \u012f gra\u017eias ir paveikias skaidres<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Iliustracijos neabejotinai yra geriausias b\u016bdas integruoti mokslin\u0119 informacij\u0105 \u012f gra\u017eius ir paveikius mokslinius straipsnius ir skaidres. Pasinaudokite Mind the Graph si\u016blomomis vizualiai patraukliomis infografikomis ir padidinkite savo mokslinio darbo pasiekiamum\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/div>\n\n\n
        \n
        \"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
        <\/div>\n\n\n\n
        <\/div>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Nors mokslininkai bando j\u012f diskredituoti, rasizmas moksle yra pastebimas mokslo bendruomen\u0117se. Su\u017einokite, kaip jis veikia neprivilegijuot\u0105 sektori\u0173.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":26775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nRacism In Science: There\u2019s More To It Than Meets The Eye<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"While scientists try to discredit it, racism in science is prominent in scientific communities. Learn how it affects the unprivileged sector.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/rasizmas-moksle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Racism In Science: There\u2019s More To It Than Meets The Eye\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"While scientists try to discredit it, racism in science is prominent in scientific communities. 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