{"id":16120,"date":"2022-07-28T06:59:20","date_gmt":"2022-07-28T09:59:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=16120"},"modified":"2024-12-05T16:09:24","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T19:09:24","slug":"post-hoc-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/post-hoc-analize\/","title":{"rendered":"Post Hoc analiz\u0117: Procesas ir test\u0173 tipai"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Atliekant bet kok\u012f mokslini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 projekt\u0105 gaunama daug duomen\u0173, kuri\u0173 dalis yra vertinga, o dalis - ne. Moksliniuose tyrimuose aptikus k\u0105 nors naujo, netik\u0117to ar painaus, jie gali greitai tapti priblo\u0161kiantys. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kartais galite nuklysti nuo kelio, kai spaud\u017eia terminas. Venkite nerimauti d\u0117l \u0161i\u0173 nety\u010dini\u0173 rezultat\u0173, kai dabartinis tyrimas bus baigtas, ne\u012ftraukdami j\u0173 \u012f svarstym\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atliekant post-hoc analiz\u0119, neanalizuojami visi atsitiktiniai eksperimento rezultatai. Svarbu ie\u0161koti d\u0117sningum\u0173, kai pastebite k\u0105 nors, kas verta atidesnio nagrin\u0117jimo ir tolesnio tyrimo, padedan\u010dio geriau suprasti koncepcij\u0105. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atlikus post-hoc analiz\u0119, galima gauti papildomos informacijos ir gilintis \u012f savo tem\u0173 baz\u0119. Ap\u017evelkime post hoc analiz\u0119 i\u0161 ar\u010diau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Post-hoc analiz\u0117: kas tai yra?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lotyni\u0161kai post hoc rei\u0161kia \"po to\", t. y. v\u0117liau analizuoti eksperimentinius duomenis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Post-hoc analiz\u0117s tikslas - baigus tyrim\u0105 rasti d\u0117sningumus ir rezultatus, kurie nebuvo pirminis tikslas. Taigi visos analiz\u0117s, atliktos po eksperimento pabaigos, kurios nebuvo i\u0161 anksto suplanuotos, laikomos post-hoc analiz\u0117mis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jau surinkti duomenys naudojami post-hoc tyrime. Tyr\u0117jai analizuoja \u0161iuos duomenis siekdami nauj\u0173 tiksl\u0173, kurie nebuvo numatyti eksperimento plane. Tod\u0117l post hoc tyrimai gali b\u016bti atliekami su apibendrintais ankstesni\u0173 bandym\u0173 duomenimis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atliekant post-hoc analiz\u0119 da\u017enai sugai\u0161tama daug laiko, ta\u010diau ji turi nema\u017eai privalum\u0173. Nor\u0117dami atskleisti vertingos informacijos, elkit\u0117s protingai ir nepervertinkite netik\u0117t\u0173 rezultat\u0173. Tai gali b\u016bti ka\u017eko svarbaus po\u017eymis, net jei tai atsitiktinis rei\u0161kinys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Post hoc analiz\u0117 naudinga tiriant klaid\u0173 lyg\u012f, vertinant hipotezi\u0173 reik\u0161mingum\u0105 arba nustatant, ar jos yra statisti\u0161kai reik\u0161mingos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atliekant kelis bandymus arba nukrypstant nuo pagrindin\u0117s tyrim\u0173 krypties, padid\u0117ja klaid\u0173 ir klaidingai teigiam\u0173 rezultat\u0173 rizika. B\u016btent \u010dia svarbiausias vaidmuo tenka post hoc tyrimui. Kaip tiksliai tai veikia?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Post-hoc analiz\u0117: kaip ji veikia?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u0161 duomen\u0173 vis tiek galima gauti verting\u0173 \u012f\u017evalg\u0173, net jei pagrindinis tikslas nepasiektas. Galimas vaisto poveikis po jo vartojimo ir duomenys apie j\u012f. Arba bet kokie kiti pana\u0161\u016bs vaistai taip pat gali b\u016bti verti i\u0161tyrimo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Post-hoc analiz\u0117s tikslas - atsakyti \u012f klausimus po to, kai tyrimas jau baigtas, t. y. tikslas, kuris nebuvo nurodytas tyrime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Norint nustatyti, i\u0161 kur atsirado skirtumai, nusta\u010dius statisti\u0161kai reik\u0161ming\u0105 rezultat\u0105, atliekamas post hoc testas. Post hoc testai gali b\u016bti naudojami norint \u012fvertinti skirtumus tarp keli\u0173 grupi\u0173, i\u0161vengiant eksperimento klaid\u0173. Buvo suformuluoti keli post hoc testai, ir dauguma j\u0173 duoda pana\u0161ius rezultatus.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/all-access-pricing?utm_source=mtg&amp;utm_campaign=all-access-promotion&amp;utm_medium=blog\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-1024x410.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-1024x410.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-1536x615.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-2048x820.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-100x40.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Yra \u012fvairi\u0173 tip\u0173 post hoc test\u0173<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bet kokio tyrimo ar klinikinio tyrimo metu surinktus duomenis galima analizuoti ir nustatyti d\u0117sningumus bei \u012fvairius veiksnius. Da\u017eniausiai atliekami \u0161ie post hoc testai:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li><strong>Bonferoni proced\u016bra:<\/strong> Naudojant \u0161i\u0105 post hoc daugkartinio palyginimo korekcij\u0105 galima atlikti kelis statistinius testus vienu metu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li><strong><strong>Naujasis Duncano daugkartinis testas (MRT):&nbsp; <\/strong><\/strong>Duncano daugiama\u010di\u0173 interval\u0173 testas pad\u0117s nustatyti skirtingas vidurki\u0173 poras (i\u0161 ma\u017eiausiai trij\u0173).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li><strong>Dunno daugkartinio palyginimo testas: <\/strong>Tai yra post hoc analiz\u0117, atliekama po ANOVA, neparametrinis testas, kurio metu nedaroma prielaida, kad duomenys pasiskirsto pagal tam tikr\u0105 pasiskirstym\u0105.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li><strong>Fi\u0161erio ma\u017eiausias reik\u0161mingas skirtumas (LSD): <\/strong>Nustato, ar du vidurkiai statisti\u0161kai skiriasi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li><strong>Holm-Bonferroni proced\u016bra: <\/strong>Holm'o nuoseklusis Bonferroni testas daugkartinius palyginimus daro ne tokius grie\u017etus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li>Naudojant Newmano-Keulso metod\u0105, galima nustatyti imtis, kuri\u0173 vidurkiai skiriasi vienas nuo kito. Newman-Keulsas lygina vidurki\u0173 poras naudodamas skirtingas kritines vertes. Tod\u0117l yra didesn\u0117 tikimyb\u0117 rasti reik\u0161ming\u0173 skirtum\u0173.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li><strong>Rod\u017eerio metodas: <\/strong>\u0160is statistinis metodas taikomas tyrimo duomenims vertinti post hoc, atlikus \"daugiamat\u0119\" analiz\u0119.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li><strong>Scheff\u00e9 metodas:<\/strong> Taikant Scheffe's metod\u0105, testo statistika koreguojama skirtingai, priklausomai nuo atlikt\u0173 palyginim\u0173 skai\u010diaus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li><strong>Tukey testas: <\/strong>Tukey testas nustato, ar j\u016bs\u0173 imt\u012f sudaro tarpusavyje besiskirian\u010dios grup\u0117s. Kiekvienos grup\u0117s vidurkis lyginamas su vis\u0173 kit\u0173 grupi\u0173 vidurkiu naudojant \"s\u0105\u017eining\u0105 reik\u0161ming\u0105 skirtum\u0105\", kuris parodo, kaip labai skiriasi grup\u0117s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li><strong>Dunnett pataisa: <\/strong>\u0160iuo post hoc testu lyginami vidurkiai. Prie\u0161ingai nei Tukey'aus testas, jis lygina kiekvien\u0105 vidurk\u012f su kontroliniu vidurkiu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dc1866\">\n<li><strong>Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) proced\u016bra: <\/strong>Reik\u0161mingas rezultatas bus gautas tik atsitiktinai, jei atliksite daug tyrim\u0173. \u0160iuo post hoc testu atsi\u017evelgiama \u012f klaidingo atradimo da\u017en\u012f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Niekas negali pranokti nepriekai\u0161tingo vaizdinio k\u016brinio, kuriuo perteikiama sud\u0117tinga \u017einut\u0117.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Taip, tai tiesa, pasitelkus vaizdin\u0119 med\u017eiag\u0105 daug lengviau suprasti sud\u0117tingiausias s\u0105vokas. Vaizdini\u0173 priemoni\u0173 am\u017eiuje nenuostabu, kad d\u0117l grafikos veiksmingumo kvantin\u0119 fizik\u0105 tikriausiai galite suprasti daug papras\u010diau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Galvojate, kaip prad\u0117ti? Kam nerimauti, kai po ranka turite grafik\u0105! Pas mus galite rinktis i\u0161 daugiau nei t\u016bkstan\u010dio m\u016bs\u0173 galerijoje esan\u010di\u0173 iliustracij\u0173 ir kurti plakatus naudodamiesi m\u016bs\u0173 sukurta i\u0161mani\u0105ja plakat\u0173 k\u016brimo programa. Pasinaudokite m\u016bs\u0173 talentingos komandos \u017einiomis ir gaukite pagal savo poreikius pritaikyt\u0105 plakat\u0105. Nor\u0117dami gauti daugiau informacijos, apsilankykite m\u016bs\u0173 <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\">svetain\u0117<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Pamoka | Grafin\u0117s abstrakcijos k\u016brimas Mind the Graph\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/r_aczJuec7Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supraskite, kas yra post-hoc analiz\u0117 ir kaip rasti verting\u0173 duomen\u0173 ir d\u0117sningum\u0173 baigus tyrim\u0105.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":16133,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38],"tags":[872,873,554,962],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Post Hoc Analysis: Process and types of tests<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand what is post-hoc analysis and how to find valuable data and patterns after the study has been completed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/post-hoc-analize\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Post Hoc Analysis: Process and types of tests\" \/>\n<meta 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. Connect with him on LinkedIn - Fabricio Pamplona.","sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabriciopamplona"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/author\/fabricio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16120"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16120"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55781,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16120\/revisions\/55781"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}