{"id":12993,"date":"2021-06-15T14:39:46","date_gmt":"2021-06-15T17:39:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12993"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:35:12","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:35:12","slug":"sirius-world-brightest-synchrotron-light","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/sirius-svetima-svetima-sinchrotrono-sviesa\/","title":{"rendered":"SIRIUS: ry\u0161kiausia Brazilijos \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Sirius<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pavadintas ry\u0161kiausios \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s nakties danguje vardu, Sirius<\/a> yra vienas pirm\u0173j\u0173 pasaulyje ketvirtosios kartos sinchrotronin\u0117s \u0161viesos \u0161altini\u0173, esantis Kampinaso mieste San Paulo valstijoje, Brazilijoje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sud\u0117tingiausia ir did\u017eiausia kada nors \u0161alyje pastatyta \u012franga \"Sirius\" leis mokslininkams pl\u0117toti pa\u017eangiausius mokslinius tyrimus. Tikimasi prover\u017eio atradim\u0173 \u012fvairiose srityse, pavyzd\u017eiui, energetikos, aplinkosaugos, sveikatos ir kitose. Sirius suprojektuotas taip, kad jo \u0161viesa - kaip ir \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s - b\u016bt\u0173 ry\u0161kiausia i\u0161 vis\u0173 tokio pob\u016bd\u017eio \u012frengini\u0173. Ir jis jau paruo\u0161tas naudoti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sirius\" yra didel\u0117je priva\u010dioje institucijoje, vadinamoje Brazilijos energetikos ir med\u017eiag\u0173 tyrim\u0173 centru (CNPEM), kur\u012f pri\u017ei\u016bri Brazilijos mokslo, technologij\u0173 ir inovacij\u0173 ministerija (MCTI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Institucija vairuoja kitas keturias nacionalines laboratorijas. CNPEM yra ne pelno siekianti institucija, orientuota \u012f mokslinius tyrimus ir taikom\u0105j\u0105 veikl\u0105, tod\u0117l jos paskirtis - remti inovacijas \u012fvairiose srityse, pavyzd\u017eiui, med\u017eiag\u0173, sveikatos, maisto, aplinkos, energetikos ir kitose. CNPEM gali integruoti vis\u0173 savo nacionalini\u0173 laboratorij\u0173 mokslines ir technologines \u017einias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sirijus, veikiantis kaip (did\u017eiulis) mikroskopas, apr\u0117pia didel\u0119 elektromagnetinio spektro dal\u012f, jo \u0161viesa sklinda nuo infraraudon\u0173j\u0173 iki ultravioletini\u0173 bang\u0173, taip pat apima ir rentgeno spindulius. Visa tai tur\u0117damas \"Sirius\" gal\u0117s atskleisti daugel\u012f med\u017eiag\u0173 savybi\u0173 molekuliniu ir atominiu lygmenimis ir net i\u0161tirti elektronines strukt\u016bras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tai leid\u017eia atlikti daugiadisciplininius tyrimus, kurie pad\u0117s atsakyti \u012f akademinius ir pramoninius klausimus. Sinchrotrono \u0161viesai gauti \u012fkrautos dalel\u0117s, pavyzd\u017eiui, elektronai, greitinamos beveik iki \u0161viesos grei\u010dio magnetiniais laukais valdomu keliu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160iuo metu pasaulyje yra ne vienas analogi\u0161kas Sirijaus \u012frenginys, pavyzd\u017eiui, Europos sinchrotronin\u0117s spinduliuot\u0117s \u012frenginys (ESRF), esantis Pranc\u016bzijoje. O prie\u0161 Sirius\u0105 CNPEM institucija naudojosi kita pana\u0161ia \u012franga, pirmuoju Brazilijos sinchrotronin\u0117s \u0161viesos \u0161altiniu, vadinamu UVX.  <\/strong> daug ma\u017eesnis nei \"Sirius\", pasi\u017eymi dideliu patikimumu ir stabilumu. Ta\u010diau, kai \"Sirius\" buvo baigtas, \u012franga buvo i\u0161jungta. B\u0117gant metams mokslininkams reik\u0117jo daugiau informacijos, nei UVX gal\u0117jo suteikti, ir buvo pasiektos jo fizin\u0117s erdv\u0117s ir technini\u0173 galimybi\u0173 ribos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u0161 laiko juostos matyti, kad pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 apie projekt\u0105 \"Sirius\" prad\u0117ta kalb\u0117ti 2003 m., kai projektas prad\u0117jo formuotis. Statybos objektas prad\u0117tas statyti 2015 m., o 2018 m. pagaliau buvo i\u0161kilmingai atidarytas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nors pastatas buvo baigtas statyti, kitas etapas - visos \u012frangos montavimas viduje. <\/a>buvo tik prad\u017eia.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skirtingai nuo UVX, kuris gal\u0117jo analizuoti med\u017eiagas tik pavir\u0161iniu lygmeniu, \"Sirius\" generuojama energija gali prasiskverbti \u012f kietas ir kietas med\u017eiagas centimetr\u0173 gylyje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Tai buvo tarsi fotografavimas esant silpnam ap\u0161vietimui, - sako fizikas, CNPEM ir SIRIUS direktorius Antonio Jos\u00e9 Roque da Silva parei\u0161kime apie UVX. \"Sirius\" turi didesn\u012f \u0161viesos intensyvum\u0105, d\u0117l to jis fiksuos grei\u010diau, tarsi film\u0105, o ne nuotrauk\u0105\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sirijus tur\u0117s du kartus daugiau energijos ir 360 kart\u0173 ma\u017eesn\u012f spinduliavim\u0105, tod\u0117l skirting\u0173 da\u017eni\u0173 \u0161viesa bus milijard\u0105 kart\u0173 ry\u0161kesn\u0117 nei UVX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalbant apie \u012frangos veikim\u0105, tai yra Sirijaus pagrindin\u0117 strukt\u016bra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinchrotrono \u0161viesos \u0161altinio bazin\u0119 strukt\u016br\u0105 i\u0161 esm\u0117s sudaro du pagrindiniai daleli\u0173 greitintuv\u0173 komplektai, t. y. \u012epur\u0161kimo sistema<\/strong> ir Saugojimo \u017eiedas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Injekcin\u0117 sistema apima linijin\u012f greitintuv\u0105 (Linac) ir in\u017eektorin\u012f sinchrotron\u0105 (Booster).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abu kartu jie gamina elektron\u0173 pluo\u0161t\u0105 ir greitina j\u012f tol, kol jis pasiekia energijos lyg\u012f, reikaling\u0105 veikti saugyklos \u017eiede. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be to, yra dvi transportavimo linijos, viena kuri\u0173 elektron\u0173 pluo\u0161t\u0105 perduoda i\u0161 \"Linac\" \u012f stiprintuv\u0105, o kita - i\u0161 stiprintuvo \u012f saugojimo \u017eied\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Linac\" generuoja srov\u0117s impuls\u0105 impulsiniu b\u016bdu, tiksliau, du kartus per sekund\u0119, ir tada sukurtas srov\u0117s impulsas \u012f\u0161virk\u0161\u010diamas \u012f stiprintuv\u0105. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patek\u0119 \u012f stiprintuv\u0105, elektron\u0173 spinduliai greitinami tol, kol pasiekia reikiam\u0105 energijos lyg\u012f, kad gal\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti \u012f\u0161virk\u0161ti \u012f saugojimo \u017eied\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Savo ruo\u017etu saugojimo \u017eiede, kuris yra pagrindinis greitintuvas, atsakingas u\u017e ilgai saugomo elektron\u0173 pluo\u0161to palaikym\u0105, galiausiai sukuriama sinchrotronin\u0117 \u0161viesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be to, elektron\u0173 pluo\u0161to mar\u0161rutui valdyti bus naudojamas \u012fvairi\u0173 magnet\u0173, sukurian\u010di\u0173 magnetin\u012f lauk\u0105, derinys - arba magnetinis tinklelis -, kuris palaikys fokus\u0105 ir koreguos elektron\u0173 pluo\u0161to mar\u0161rut\u0105. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galiausiai sinchrotrono \u0161viesa bus galima naudotis eksperimentin\u0117se stotyse, \u012frengtose aplink saugyklos \u017eied\u0105, vadinamose \"Beamlines\" - \u010dia mokslininkai d\u0117s savo med\u017eiag\u0173 pavyzd\u017eius ir kaups duomenis tolesniems tyrimams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\""Sirius"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pirmiau pateiktame paveiksl\u0117lyje, kur\u012f galima rasti CNPEM interneto svetain\u0117je, pavaizduota SIRIUS iliustracija, kurioje m\u0117lynu apskritimu pavaizduoto saugojimo \u017eiedo perimetras yra apie 518 metr\u0173, o oran\u017eine spalva pavaizduoto stiprintuvo - apie 496 metrus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kita vertus, \"Linac\" yra daug ma\u017eesnis - tik 32 metr\u0173 ilgio, pa\u017eym\u0117tas rausva linija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taigi \u0161ie ketvirtosios kartos sinchrotrono \u0161viesos \u0161altiniai pad\u0117s mokslininkams gilintis - tiesiogine prasme - \u012f savo tyrimus, \u012fgyti erdv\u0117s ir geresni\u0173 priemoni\u0173 sud\u0117tingoms temoms analizuoti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pavyzd\u017eiui, pa\u017eangesn\u0117 dirvo\u017eemio analiz\u0117 pad\u0117s geriau suprasti tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 k\u016brim\u0105, tod\u0117l bus gaminami ma\u017eiau toksi\u0161ki \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio produktai, o tai bus naudinga \u017emoni\u0173 sveikatai ir aplinkai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be to, \"Sirius\" taip pat leis mokslininkams kurti naujas med\u017eiagas, nes bus galima i\u0161samiau i\u0161tirti nanodaleli\u0173 strukt\u016bras. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2020 m. spalio 21 d. moksliniams tyrimams prad\u0117ta naudoti pirmoji \"Sirius\" pluo\u0161to linija \"Manac\u00e1\". \u0160i linija skirta makromolekuli\u0173 tyrimams, baltym\u0173 ir j\u0173 s\u0105veikos su vaistais tyrimams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ateityje bus galima naudotis dar penkiomis spinduli\u0173 linijomis: Carna\u00faba, Cateret\u00ea, Ema, Ip\u00ea ir Mogno. Kiekviena i\u0161 j\u0173 bus skirta tam tikros r\u016b\u0161ies analizei. \u0160iandien \u0161ios spinduli\u0173 linijos yra pa\u017eengusios \u012frengimo stadijoje, o iki 2021 m. pabaigos kai kurios i\u0161 j\u0173 tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti baigtos \u012frengti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u0161 viso \"Sirius\" strukt\u016broje bus 14 darbo viet\u0173. Vis\u0105 projekt\u0105 sudaro dar septynios pluo\u0161to linijos, kurias tikimasi atidaryti 2021 m. Ta\u010diau spinduli\u0173 linij\u0173 skai\u010dius gali b\u016bti palaipsniui ple\u010diamas ir siekti iki 40 eksperimentini\u0173 sto\u010di\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per\u017ei\u016br\u0117kite vaizdo \u012fra\u0161\u0105 apie \"Sirius\" statyb\u0105 \u010dia<\/a>su tiesiogiai susijusi\u0173 in\u017einieri\u0173 atsiliepimais ir paai\u0161kinimais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taip pat galite apsilankyti Oficiali CNPEM svetain\u0117<\/a> kuriame yra visa informacija apie SIRIUS projektas<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galiausiai Sirijus teikia vil\u010di\u0173 ne tik Brazilijos mokslininkams, bet ir viso pasaulio mokslininkams. Pirmyn, mokslas!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be to, ar \u017einote, kad galite \u012fkelti nuotrauk\u0105 i\u0161 kompiuterio ir naudoti j\u0105 infografikoje? Taip, galite! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u016btent taip padariau \u0161iame straipsnyje pateikt\u0105 infografik\u0105! Labai \u0161aunu, tiesa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taigi, eikime \u012f Mind the Graph<\/a>ir prad\u0117kite savo naujas k\u016brinys<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160viesiausios \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s nakties danguje vardu pavadintas Sirijus yra vienas pirm\u0173j\u0173 pasaulyje ketvirtosios kartos sinchrotronin\u0117s \u0161viesos \u0161altini\u0173, esantis Kampinaso mieste San Paulo valstijoje, Brazilijoje. Sud\u0117tingiausia ir did\u017eiausia kada nors \u0161alyje pastatyta \u012franga \"Sirius\" leis mokslininkams pl\u0117toti pa\u017eangiausius mokslinius tyrimus. [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":12995,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66,959,958,28],"tags":[51,554,964,775],"yoast_head":"\nSIRIUS: The World's Brightest Synchrotron Light<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Named after the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius is one of the first fourth-generation synchrotron light sources in the world.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/sirius-svetima-svetima-sinchrotrono-sviesa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SIRIUS: The World's Brightest Synchrotron Light\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Named after the brightest star in the night 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