{"id":12100,"date":"2020-12-30T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-30T11:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12100"},"modified":"2023-01-05T15:13:37","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T18:13:37","slug":"nerve-impulse-the-synapse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/nervinis-impulsas-sinapse\/","title":{"rendered":"Nervinis impulsas 2 DALIS - Sinaps\u0117"},"content":{"rendered":"

Visa nerv\u0173 sistema pagr\u012fsta veikimo potencialai <\/strong>ir sinaps\u0117s<\/strong> perduoti informacij\u0105 visame k\u016bne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neuronai - tai l\u0105stel\u0117s, kurios specializuojasi perduoti elektrinius ar cheminius signalus kitam neuronui pagal tiksliai apibr\u0117\u017et\u0105 keli\u0105, kuriuo pasiekiama tikslin\u0117 l\u0105stel\u0117. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160is straipsnis yra antroji dalis i\u0161 dviej\u0173, kuriose aptariama, kaip \u0161i nuostabi ir sud\u0117tinga sistema sugeba valdyti beveik visk\u0105 m\u016bs\u0173 organizme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dabar aptarsime sinaps\u0117s ply\u0161\u012f - erdv\u0119 tarp dviej\u0173 neuron\u0173, dar vien\u0105 srit\u012f, kuri taip pat atsakinga u\u017e nervinio impulso perdavim\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pavadinimas <\/em>sinaps\u0117<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>kil\u0119s i\u0161 graik\u0173 kalbos sinapsis<\/em>, o tai rei\u0161kia, kad \"jungtis\"<\/em><\/strong>. Mokslininkai per vis\u0105 istorij\u0105 sunkiai rado termin\u0105, kuris gal\u0117t\u0173 paai\u0161kinti \"<\/em>dviej\u0173 atskir\u0173 element\u0173 s\u0105junga<\/em><\/strong>\"<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kai kuriuose senuose straipsniuose sinaps\u0117 taip pat buvo vadinama sankry\u017eos<\/em><\/strong>. \u0160iandien sinaps\u0117<\/em><\/strong> taip vadinama strukt\u016bra, atsakinga u\u017e signalo perdavim\u0105 kitam neuronui sinaps\u0117s ply\u0161yje. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visas sinapsinis veiksmas vyksta sinapsiniame ply\u0161yje, nedidel\u0117je vietoje tarp dviej\u0173 skirting\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173, esan\u010di\u0173 viena \u0161alia kitos. pre-sinapsinis<\/strong> l\u0105stel\u0117s ir posinapsin\u0117 l\u0105stel\u0117. <\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da\u017eniausiai du neuronai yra sujungti per vieno neurono - pre-sinapsinio neurono, perduodan\u010dio signal\u0105, - aksono terminal\u0105 su kito neurono - posinapsinio neurono, kuris gali b\u016bti arba tikslin\u0117 l\u0105stel\u0117, arba kitas neuronas eil\u0117je perduoti signal\u0105, dendrit\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdv\u0117je tarp l\u0105steli\u0173 - sinaps\u0117s ply\u0161yje - vienu metu vyksta did\u017eiulis informacijos srautas, u\u017e \u0161ios informacijos ne\u0161\u0117j\u0173 i\u0161siskyrim\u0105 ir gamyb\u0105 atsakinga didel\u0117 molekulin\u0117 sistema, kurios molekul\u0117s vadinamos neurotransmiteriais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta\u010diau neuronai neatlieka viso darbo vieni, \u0161alia j\u0173 yra tam tikro tipo l\u0105stel\u0117s, kuri\u0173 paskirtis - palaikyti neuromediatori\u0173 reguliavim\u0105. \u0160ios l\u0105stel\u0117s yra astrocitai<\/strong>; jos yra glialini\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 tipas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glias<\/strong> priskiriamos ne neuronin\u0117ms l\u0105stel\u0117ms - jos neperduoda ir nesukuria jokio nervinio impulso ar signalo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ios l\u0105stel\u0117s turi daugyb\u0119 pareig\u0173, kurios visos yra susijusios su neuron\u0173 poreikiais, tarsi vis\u0105 par\u0105 dirbantis asistentas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u0173 yra visoje centrin\u0117je ir periferin\u0117je nerv\u0173 sistemoje. Apskritai jie palaiko, apsaugo ir maitina neuron\u0105 maistin\u0117mis med\u017eiagomis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaip jau min\u0117ta, neuronai yra specializuotos l\u0105stel\u0117s, perduodan\u010dios elektrinius arba cheminius signalus. Kiekvienas i\u0161 \u0161i\u0173 signal\u0173 turi savo b\u016bd\u0105 signalui perduoti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chemin\u0117je sinaps\u0117je dalyvaujantis ikisinapsinis neuronas gali perduoti informacij\u0105 ne tik neuronams, bet ir raumenims bei liaukoms; tai vyksta per veikimo potencial\u0105, kuris keliauja per vis\u0105 neuron\u0105, pasiekia aksono terminal\u0105 ir perduoda signal\u0105 \u012f \u012ftampos valdomus kalcio kanalus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0117l depoliarizacijos \u0161ie kanalai tampa aktyv\u016bs ir atveria keli\u0105 kalciui (Ca+2) patekti \u012f neuron\u0105. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalcio antpl\u016bdis \u012f l\u0105stel\u0119 duoda signal\u0105 sinapsinei p\u016bslelei, kuri \u012f sinapsin\u012f ply\u0161\u012f i\u0161skiria neuromediatorius. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patek\u0119 \u012f sinapsin\u012f ply\u0161\u012f, \u0161ie neuromediatoriai patenka \u012f posinapsinio neurono neuromediatori\u0173 receptorius. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taip t\u0119siamas nervinis impulsas, procesas kartojasi dendrituose, po to branduolyje, pereina \u012f akson\u0105, kur vyksta veikimo potencialas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kai nervinis impulsas pasiekia tikslin\u0119 l\u0105stel\u0119, posinapsiniame neurone gali pasireik\u0161ti dviej\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 atsakas - arba jaudinantis, arba slopinantis.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Kita, elektrin\u0117 sinaps\u0117, vyksta daug grei\u010diau nei chemin\u0117 sinaps\u0117, nes j\u0105 sudaro ma\u017eiau signalo perdavimo etap\u0173. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elektros srov\u0117 perduodama kanalais, vadinamais tarpin\u0117s sand\u016bros<\/strong>, esantis abiejose l\u0105stel\u0117se, jungiantis pre-sinapsinius ir posinapsinius neuronus.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ie kanalai gali praleisti elektros srov\u0119 be joki\u0173 neuromediatori\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u012edomu tai, kad sinaps\u0117s procesas neb\u016btinai kiekvien\u0105 kart\u0105 turi jungti tas pa\u010dias neurono dalis, pavyzd\u017eiui, aksono gal\u0105 ir dendritus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yra daugiau nervini\u0173 impuls\u0173 perdavimo b\u016bd\u0173 nei \u0161is. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prie\u0161sinapsini\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 aksono galai gali b\u016bti tiesiogiai sujungti su kraujotaka, neurono aksonu ar net kitu aksono galu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jie taip pat gali b\u016bti sujungti su neuron\u0173 dendrit\u0173 stuburu arba net netur\u0117ti jungties, skirtos neurotransmiteriams i\u0161laisvinti ekstral\u0105stelin\u0117je terp\u0117je. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Priklausomai nuo perduodamos informacijos tipo, turi i\u0161siskirti tam tikro tipo neuromediatoriai, kurie gali b\u016bti glutamaterginiai, GABAerginiai, cholinerginiai, adrenerginiai, veikiantys jaudinan\u010diai arba slopinan\u010diai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neurotransmiteri\u0173 reguliavimas yra labai subtili m\u016bs\u0173 organizmo sistema. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daugelio mokslinink\u0173 atlikti tyrimai parod\u0117, kad vienas sutrik\u0119s neuromediatori\u0173 gali tur\u0117ti \u012ftakos ne vienai, o daugeliui smegen\u0173 veikl\u0173, pavyzd\u017eiui, nuotaikai, nuotaikai, miegui, apetitui, k\u016bno temperat\u016brai, baimei, taip pat psichikos ligoms. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pavyzd\u017eiui, Parkinsono liga ir \u0161izofrenija, kurios \u0161iandien \u017einomos kaip nepagydomos ligos, yra susijusios su neuromediatoriaus dopamino funkcijos sutrikimu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apskritai nervinis impulsas yra atsakingas u\u017e bendravim\u0105 ir visos informacijos perdavim\u0105 visame organizme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nedidel\u0117 problema ar reguliacijos sutrikimas gali sukelti dideli\u0173 pasekmi\u0173 ir lig\u0173. Mokslininkai vis dar ie\u0161ko atsakym\u0173, kad visi\u0161kai suprast\u0173 \u0161\u012f sud\u0117ting\u0105 tinkl\u0105.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

____<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ar jums patiko \u0161iame straipsnyje pateikta infografika? J\u0105 taip pat galite naudoti savo darbe, Spauskite \u010dia<\/a> ir pamatysite visus Mind the Graph naudotojams prieinamus \u0161ablonus. Jums nereikia prad\u0117ti nuo nulio. Arba galite prad\u0117ti kurti dabar<\/a>, naudodami m\u016bs\u0173 neurologija<\/a> galerija ir daugiau<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Visa nerv\u0173 sistema yra pagr\u012fsta veikimo potencialais ir sinaps\u0117mis, kurios perduoda informacij\u0105 visam k\u016bnui. Neuronai - tai l\u0105stel\u0117s, specializuotos perduoti elektrinius ar cheminius signalus kitam neuronui pagal tiksliai apibr\u0117\u017et\u0105 keli\u0105, pasiekiant\u012f tikslin\u0119 l\u0105stel\u0119. \u0160is straipsnis yra antroji dalis i\u0161 dviej\u0173, kuriose aptariama, kaip \u0161i nuostabi ir sud\u0117tinga sistema [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12102,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[812],"yoast_head":"\nNerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse. Read this blog to know more about how nerve impulses take place. And how everything is connected with the synapse.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/nervinis-impulsas-sinapse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse - MTG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse. Read this blog to know more about how nerve impulses take place. And how everything is connected with the synapse.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/nervinis-impulsas-sinapse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-12-30T11:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-05T18:13:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/featured-image-nerve-impulse-part-2-the-synapse.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1110\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse - MTG","description":"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse. Read this blog to know more about how nerve impulses take place. And how everything is connected with the synapse.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/nervinis-impulsas-sinapse\/","og_locale":"lt_LT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse - MTG","og_description":"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse. Read this blog to know more about how nerve impulses take place. And how everything is connected with the synapse.","og_url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/nervinis-impulsas-sinapse\/","og_site_name":"Mind the Graph Blog","article_published_time":"2020-12-30T11:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-05T18:13:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1110,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/featured-image-nerve-impulse-part-2-the-synapse.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Fabricio Pamplona","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Fabricio Pamplona","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/nerve-impulse-the-synapse\/","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/nerve-impulse-the-synapse\/","name":"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse - MTG","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-12-30T11:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-05T18:13:37+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8eaee6d8007ac319523c3ddc98cedd3"},"description":"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse. Read this blog to know more about how nerve impulses take place. And how everything is connected with the synapse.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/nerve-impulse-the-synapse\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"lt-LT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/nerve-impulse-the-synapse\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/nerve-impulse-the-synapse\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/","name":"Mind the Graph Blog","description":"Your science can be beautiful!","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"lt-LT"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8eaee6d8007ac319523c3ddc98cedd3","name":"Fabricio Pamplona","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"lt-LT","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/da6985d9f20ecb24f3238df103a638ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/da6985d9f20ecb24f3238df103a638ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Fabricio Pamplona"},"description":"Fabricio Pamplona is the founder of Mind the Graph - a tool used by over 400K users in 60 countries. He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. Connect with him on LinkedIn - Fabricio Pamplona.","sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabriciopamplona"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/author\/fabricio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12100"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12100"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26057,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12100\/revisions\/26057"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}