{"id":11793,"date":"2020-10-15T05:06:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T08:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11793"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"nobel-prize-2020-for-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/nobelio-premija-2020-medicinai\/","title":{"rendered":"2020 m. Nobelio medicinos premija u\u017e hepatito C atradim\u0105, diagnostik\u0105 ir gydym\u0105"},"content":{"rendered":"

2020 m. spalio 5 d. Stokholme vykusiame viename svarbiausi\u0173 met\u0173 mokslo \u012fvyki\u0173 Nobelio fiziologijos ar medicinos premija buvo \u012fteikta grupei virusolog\u0173 ir biochemik\u0173 u\u017e hepatito C viruso atradim\u0105. Harvey Alteris, Michaelas Houghtonas ir Charlesas Rice'as kartu apdovanoti Nobelio premija u\u017e ligos suk\u0117l\u0117jo atradim\u0105 ir ligos gydymo b\u016bdo suradim\u0105. Karolinskos instituto Nobelio asambl\u0117jos nariai negal\u0117jo susilaikyti pasak\u0119, kad \u0161is atradimas yra viltis i\u0161naikinti krauju plintant\u012f hepatit\u0105 pasaulyje.<\/span><\/p>\n

2020 m. spalio 5 d. Stokholme vykusiame viename svarbiausi\u0173 met\u0173 mokslo \u012fvyki\u0173 Nobelio fiziologijos ar medicinos premija buvo \u012fteikta grupei virusolog\u0173 ir biochemik\u0173 u\u017e hepatito C viruso atradim\u0105. Harvey Alteris, Michaelas Houghtonas ir Charlesas Rice'as kartu apdovanoti Nobelio premija u\u017e ligos suk\u0117l\u0117jo atradim\u0105 ir ligos gydymo b\u016bdo suradim\u0105. Karolinskos instituto Nobelio asambl\u0117jos nariai negal\u0117jo susilaikyti pasak\u0119, kad \u0161is atradimas yra viltis i\u0161naikinti krauju plintant\u012f hepatit\u0105 pasaulyje.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kas yra hepatitas?<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u017dodis hepatitas kil\u0119s i\u0161 graiki\u0161ko \u017eod\u017eio \"Hepar\", rei\u0161kian\u010dio kepenis. Hepatitas yra medicinin\u0117 b\u016bkl\u0117, kai d\u0117l apsinuodijimo, virusin\u0117s infekcijos atsiranda kepen\u0173 u\u017edegimas. Hepatito ligai b\u016bdinga gelta, ciroz\u0117, kar\u0161\u010diavimas ir kepen\u0173 padid\u0117jimas. Hepatito A virusas perduodamas per u\u017eter\u0161t\u0105 vanden\u012f, o B ir C virusai perduodami per krauj\u0105 ir k\u016bno skys\u010dius.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kaip ji buvo atrasta?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Atradus hepatit\u0105 B, Alteris ir jo komanda pasteb\u0117jo kelet\u0105 nepaai\u0161kinam\u0173 kepen\u0173 infekcij\u0173 ir l\u0117tini\u0173 hepatit\u0173 po kraujo perpylimo. V\u0117lesni\u0173 tyrim\u0173 metu jie \u012frod\u0117 du svarbius faktus: pirma, ne\u017einomas infekcijos suk\u0117l\u0117jas gal\u0117jo perduoti lig\u0105 \u0161impanz\u0117ms ir, antra, infekcijos suk\u0117l\u0117jas tur\u0117jo virusui b\u016bding\u0173 savybi\u0173, bet ne toki\u0173 kaip hepatitas A ar B. Alterio ind\u0117lis \u012f virusologijos srit\u012f tapo \u0161viesa tamsioje audringoje kepen\u0173 infekcijos atvej\u0173 naktyje. Vis d\u0117lto virusas nebuvo identifikuotas, nebuvo priskirtas jokiai virus\u0173 \u0161eimai ir nebuvo suklasifikuotas.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u012ena\u0161ai, skirti identifikavimui ir i\u0161naikinimui<\/b><\/h2>\n

D\u0117l didelio sergamumo ir mirtingumo mokslininkai daugel\u012f met\u0173 siek\u0117 nustatyti \"ne\u017einomo\" hepatito, pana\u0161aus \u012f virus\u0105, suk\u0117l\u0117j\u0105 ir j\u012f apib\u016bdinti. I\u0161band\u0119 visus tradicinius metodus ir patyr\u0119 nes\u0117km\u0119, pasitelk\u0119 inovatyv\u0173 Houghtono i\u0161 \"Chiron pharmaceuticals\" metod\u0105, jie gal\u0117jo nustatyti ir klonuoti DNR fragmentus, atsakingus u\u017e viruso baltymo susidarym\u0105. Po sud\u0117tingo DNR bibliotekos paruo\u0161imo ir klono paie\u0161kos, galiausiai Houghtonas ir jo komanda gal\u0117jo nustatyti pana\u0161um\u0105 \u012f Flaviviridae \u0161eimos virus\u0105 ir pavadinti j\u012f hepatito C virusu. J\u0173 atliktas tyrimas taip pat pateik\u0117 tyrimo proced\u016br\u0105, kaip nustatyti suk\u0117l\u0117j\u0105 su nustatytais antik\u016bnais.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Galutinis \u012frodymas, kad hepatitas C gali b\u016bti vienintelis kepen\u0173 infekcij\u0105 sukeliantis suk\u0117l\u0117jas, buvo gautas atlikus i\u0161samius Va\u0161ingtono universiteto Sent Luise Rice'o tyrimus. Naudodamas rekombinantin\u0117s DNR technologij\u0105, Rice'as ir jo komanda suk\u016br\u0117 hepatito C viruso genomo atmain\u0105, neturin\u010di\u0105 inaktyvavimo sek\u0173, ir suleido j\u0105 primatams. Rezultatai parod\u0117, kad variantai gali sukelti l\u0117tin\u0119 kepen\u0173 lig\u0105 ir atspind\u0117ti visus patologinius poky\u010dius. Visos naujai nustatytos sekos ir inaktyvuojan\u010dios sritys suteik\u0117 vilties sukurti tinkam\u0105 terapin\u012f preparat\u0105 prie\u0161 hepatito C virus\u0105.<\/span><\/p>\n

Atradimo poveikis<\/b><\/h2>\n

D\u0117l COVID-19 pandemijos pasaulis tapo karo frontu. Atradus antivirusinius vaistus, atlikus j\u0173 diagnostik\u0105 ir identifikavim\u0105, hepatitas C ir su juo susij\u0119 pasiekimai yra ry\u0161k\u016bs \u017eingsniai virusologijos ir medicinos srityje. Pasaulio sveikatos organizacija i\u0161k\u0117l\u0117 tiksl\u0105 per de\u0161imt met\u0173 i\u0161naikinti hepatito C virus\u0105. \u0160ie atradimai - tai laipteliai \u0161io tikslo link. Vis d\u0117lto dar yra i\u0161\u0161\u016bki\u0173, kuriuos reikia \u012fveikti, ir vakcina dar nesukurta, ta\u010diau atsirado vilties spindulys - aptikimo ir gydymo re\u017eimai, skirti kovai su \u0161ia liga.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mind the Graph komanda sveikina mokslinink\u0173, universitet\u0173 ir j\u0173 grupi\u0173 trijul\u0119 su pasiekimais! De\u0161imtme\u010dius truk\u0119 moksliniai tyrimai ir sunkus darbas suteik\u0117 \u017emonijai nauj\u0105 keli\u0105 \u012fveikti mirtin\u0105 virusin\u0119 lig\u0105.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nNobel Prize in Medicine 2020 - Diagnosis and Cure of Hepatitis C<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The recent findings in Hepatitis C have been acclaimed for the Nobel Prize in 2020 in Chemistry. 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