{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/lt\/crispr-duo-laimejo-nobelio-premija-2020-uz-chemija\/","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR DUO pavog\u0117 \u0161ou: 2020 m. Nobelio chemijos premija"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tikslumas yra mokslininko vizitin\u0117 kortel\u0117. Emmanuelle Charpentier ir Jennifer Doudna atrado revoliucin\u012f gen\u0173 technologijos \u012frank\u012f CRISPR\/Cas9 - \"genetines \u017eirkles\". \u0160io gyvenim\u0105 kei\u010dian\u010dio \u012frankio pradinink\u0117s Emmanuelle Charpentier ir Jennifer Doudna apdovanotos 2020 m. Nobelio chemijos premija. J\u0173 i\u0161radimas 2012 m. l\u0117m\u0117 nesuskai\u010diuojam\u0105 daugyb\u0119 atradim\u0173 tokiose svarbiose srityse kaip v\u0117\u017eio tyrimai, augal\u0173 tyrimai ir vaist\u0173 nuo paveldim\u0173 lig\u0173 paie\u0161ka. CRISPR\/Cas9 \u012frankis palengvino genetini\u0173 sek\u0173 redagavim\u0105 tikslioje vietoje per trumpesn\u012f laik\u0105. J\u0173 atradimas pakeit\u0117 po\u017ei\u016br\u012f \u012f gyvyb\u0117s mokslus. Tai \u017eingsnis \u012f nauj\u0105 genetikos er\u0105, kuri bus naudinga gyviesiems.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kas yra CRISPR\/Cas9 ir kaip jis buvo atrastas?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9 yra gen\u0173 redagavimo \u012frankis, naudojamas DNR sekai nukirpti tiksliai dominan\u010dioje vietoje. CRISPR rei\u0161kia Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, o Cas9 yra fermentas, padedantis nukirpti sek\u0105. CRISPR turi dvi pagrindines savybes - nukleotid\u0173 pasikartojimus ir tarpelius. Paprastai CRISPR atveju nukleotid\u0173 sekos veikia kaip \u0161ablonin\u0117 grandin\u0117, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima transkribuoti papildom\u0105 RNR, kuri galiausiai buvo pavadinta CRISPR RNR (cr RNR). Emmanuelle Charpentier ir Jennifer Doudna buvo pirmosios, kurios i\u0161siai\u0161kino apie \u0161iuos tarpiklius ir kartotojus. Jos taip pat i\u0161siai\u0161kino, kad Cas9 fermentas, padedantis nukirpti DNR sek\u0105, jungiasi prie kitos RNR molekul\u0117s. \u0160ios dvi molekul\u0117s, cr RNR ir transaktyvinanti cr RNR, pad\u0117jo Cas9 nukirpti tikslin\u0119 dvigubos grandin\u0117s DNR viet\u0105.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160\u012f atradim\u0105 padar\u0117 Emmanuelle Charpentier, steb\u0117dama streptokoko bakterijos imunin\u012f mechanizm\u0105 prie\u0161 virus\u0105. Labiausiai j\u0105 suintrigavo tai, kad bakterijoje rasta RNR molekul\u0117 tur\u0117jo labai pana\u0161\u0173 genetin\u012f kod\u0105 kaip bakterijos CRISPR. I\u0161analizavus abi sekas nustatyta, kad RNR molekul\u0117 atitiko pasikartojan\u010di\u0105 CRISPR dal\u012f. Atlikusi tolesnius tyrimus ji nustat\u0117, kad \u0161i ma\u017ea RNR molekul\u0117 aktyvuoja RNR sek\u0105 esant Cas9. RNR seka buvo CRISPR sekos rezultatas. \u0160i molekul\u0117 buvo pavadinta trans aktyvuojan\u010dia CRISPR RNR. Kai bakterija u\u017esikre\u010dia virusu, bakterija \u012f savo genom\u0105 CRISPR srityje kaip atmint\u012f \u012ftraukia viruso DNR. Tai padeda bakterijai apsisaugoti nuo tolesn\u0117s naujos infekcijos. Tada \u0161i CRISPR DNR kopijuojama, kad b\u016bt\u0173 sukurta CRISPR RNR, kuri turi b\u016bti suskaidyta, kad susidaryt\u0173 viruso DNR, kuri pad\u0117t\u0173 atpa\u017einti svetim\u0105 viruso DNR.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u0117liau Jennifer Doudna analizavo, ar \u0161i\u0105 viruso DNR galima identifikuoti naudojant CRISPR RNR ir Cas9 fermento molekul\u0119. Po keli\u0173 eksperiment\u0173 jie vis tiek negal\u0117jo jos identifikuoti ir suprato, kad ka\u017eko tr\u016bksta. Taigi kit\u0105 kart\u0105, kai jie atliko eksperiment\u0105, buvo prid\u0117ta ir transaktyvuojanti CR RNR molekul\u0117, kuri\u0105 atrado Emmanuelle. J\u0173 nuostabai, buvo identifikuota viruso DNR, vedanti \u012f nauj\u0105 ateinant\u012f eon\u0105.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160iandien CRISPR\/Cas9 atv\u0117r\u0117 nauj\u0105 po\u017ei\u016br\u012f \u012f gyvenim\u0105. Jis naudojamas \u012fvairiose mokslo srityse. \u0160is \u012frankis evoliucionavo medicinos moksluose. \u0160iandien mokslininkai siekia panaikinti paveldimus sutrikimus, kurie labiausiai paveik\u0117 \u017emonij\u0105. Kita sritis, kurioje \u0161is \u012frankis naudojamas, yra \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkis, siekiant modifikuoti augalus, kad jie b\u016bt\u0173 atspar\u016bs infekcijoms, vaist\u0173 k\u016brimas, gen\u0173 terapija ir daugelis kit\u0173. Reguliuojant ir eti\u0161kai naudojant \u0161i\u0105 priemon\u0119, \u017emonija gali patirti berib\u012f pasaul\u012f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nuoroda\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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