{"id":31472,"date":"2023-10-23T07:43:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T10:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/how-to-write-discussion-questions-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-10-24T11:12:11","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T14:12:11","slug":"what-does-ibid-mean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ja\/%e4%bd%95%e3%82%92%e6%84%8f%e5%91%b3%e3%81%99%e3%82%8b%e3%81%ae%e3%81%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"Ibid\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3059\u308b\uff1a\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bIbid\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u306f\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u300cibid\u300d\u306f\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u300cibidem\u300d\u306e\u7565\u8a9e\u3067\u3001\u300c\u540c\u3058\u5834\u6240\u3067\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3059\u3002ibid \"\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u660e\u77ad\u6027\u3068\u52b9\u7387\u6027\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u5408\u7406\u5316\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u5e30\u5c5e\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300cibid\u300d\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-does-ibid-mean-in-academic-writing-and-how-is-it-used\"><strong>\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bIbid\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u65b9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u306f\u3001\"ibid \"\u306f\u5f15\u7528\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u51fa\u5178\u304c\u524d\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u5f15\u7528\u304c\u540c\u3058\u4f5c\u54c1\u3001\u540c\u3058\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u7279\u306b\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u5f15\u7528\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001\u8457\u8005\u540d\u3001\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u300cibid\u300d\u304c\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u524d\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u3068\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\u304b\u3089\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u3088\u308a\u7c21\u6f54\u3067\u5408\u7406\u7684\u306a\u5f15\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002ibid\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7279\u306b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u304c\u8fd1\u63a5\u3057\u3066\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30e9\u30a4\u30bf\u30fc\u306f\u5197\u9577\u3055\u3092\u907f\u3051\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u660e\u77ad\u306b\u4fdd\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-does-ibid-mean-in-chicago-style\"><strong>\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u30fb\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bIbid\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/chicago-style-citation\/\">\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u30fb\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb<\/a> \u306f\u3001\u811a\u6ce8\u3084\u5dfb\u672b\u6ce8\u306b\u300cibid\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3092\u7c21\u7d20\u5316\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u660e\u77ad\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\"Ibid.\"\uff08\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u306e'I'\uff09\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002(\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u3068\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u306b\u300cIbid\u300d\uff08\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u300cI\u300d\uff09\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\u5185\u306e\u5225\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u542b\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306e\u9593\u306b\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5f15\u7528\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u5f15\u7528\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u304c\u5225\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u308a\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u5f15\u7528\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u811a\u6ce8\u3084\u6ce8\u306e\u66f8\u5f0f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4e0a\u4ed8\u304d\u6570\u5b57\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u53e5\u8aad\u70b9\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u306e\u66f8\u5f0f\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u30fb\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u5fc5\u305a\u5f93\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-first-use-of-source-full-bibliography-one-page-number\"><strong>\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u66f8\u8a8c\u30021\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u3002<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u30fb\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u540c\u3058\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u6ce8\u91c8\u304c\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u6271\u3046\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u304c\u5f15\u7528\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8457\u8005\u540d\u3001\u4f5c\u54c1\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u3001\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u66f8\u8a8c\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u540c\u3058\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u300cIbid.Ibid. \"\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u7bc0\u7d04\u3057\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u306e\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>1.\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30df\u30b9 <em>\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u6ce8\u91c8\u3082\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u306e\u672c\u306e45\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff1a <em>\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-second-use-of-source-full-bibliography-one-page-number\"><strong>\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u306e2\u56de\u76ee\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u66f8\u8a8c\u3002\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u30fb\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u540c\u3058\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u6ce8\u91c8\u304c\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5f15\u7528\u3059\u308b\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6ce8\u91c8\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f93\u3046\u3079\u304d\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30d5\u30eb\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u524d\u306e\u6ce8\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6ce8\u306b\u306f\u8457\u8005\u306e\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u307f\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>10.\u30b9\u30df\u30b9 <em>\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11.\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u6ce8\u91c8\u3082\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u306e\u672c\u306e45\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff1a <em>\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-multiple-use-of-source-no-full-bibliography-one-page-number\"><strong>\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u8907\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u66f8\u8a8c\u306a\u3057\u3002\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f71\u3064<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b66\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u5185\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u6ce8\u91c8\u304c\u3001\u540c\u3058\u6587\u732e\u306e\u5168\u304f\u540c\u3058\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u5178\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u66f8\u8a8c\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u540d\u3001\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u5730\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u5e74\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u5f15\u7528\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>1.\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u30b9 <em>\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5efa\u56fd <\/em>(New York: ABC Publishers, 2019), 78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u6ce8\u91c8\u3082\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u30b9\u306e\u672c\u306e78\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff1a <em>\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5efa\u56fd<\/em>a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>10.\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u30fb\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3<em> \u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af <\/em>(London: PQR Publishing, 2024), 32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11.\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u91c8\u306f\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u30fb\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u306e32\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff1a <em>\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-consecutive-uses-of-source-no-full-bibliography-one-page-number\"><strong>\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u66f8\u8a8c\u306a\u3057\u3002\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f71\u3064<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8907\u6570\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u6ce8\u91c8\u304c\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u540c\u3058\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u51fa\u5178\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3059\u308b\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6ce8\u91c8\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>5.\u30c9\u30a5\u30fc <em>\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u30fb\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6.\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7.\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>3\u3064\u306e\u6ce8\u91c8\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30c9\u30a6\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u306e45\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff1a<em> \u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u30fb\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb<\/em>.\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6ce8\u306b\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u8a73\u7d30\u3092\u8a18\u3059\u3002\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306e\u59d3\u306e\u307f\u3092\u793a\u3059\u77ed\u3044\u6ce8\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3084\u308a\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6ce8\u3067\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>9.\u767d\u3001 <em>\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u529b<\/em>, 102.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10.\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u6ce8\u91c8\u3082\u30a8\u30df\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30db\u30ef\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u306e102\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <em>\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u529b<\/em>.\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3067\u306b\u5165\u624b\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-consecutive-uses-of-source-no-full-bibliography-different-page-numbers\"><strong>\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u66f8\u8a8c\u306a\u3057\u3002\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\u3067\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u304c\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u300cIbid.<br><br>\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>1.\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30df\u30b9 <em>\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u540c\u4e0a\u300157<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.\u540c\u66f862<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10.\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30c9\u30a6 <em>\u66f8\u304f\u6280\u8853<\/em>, 78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11.\u540c\u4e0a\u300185<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>25.\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u30fb\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3<em> \u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af<\/em>, 32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>26.\u540c\u66f8\u300141\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>37.\u540c\u66f8\u300155\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-not-first-use-of-source-different-page-numbers-interspersed-with-other-sources\"><strong>\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u521d\u51fa\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u3002\u4ed6\u306e\u51fa\u5178\u3092\u631f\u3080<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u540c\u3058\u4f5c\u54c1\u306e\u540c\u3058\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u6ce8\u91c8\u304c\u8907\u6570\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9593\u306b\u4ed6\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u6ce8\u91c8\u3082\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u5148\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u4fdd\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u540c\u3058\u4f5c\u54c1\u5185\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u6ce8\u3068\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u306b\u306f\u300cIbid.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>1.\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30df\u30b9 <em>\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.\u540c\u66f862<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.\u30db\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3 <em>\u7dcb\u6587\u5b57<\/em>, 101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30df\u30b9<em> \u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/em>, 110.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057<em> \u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u306e\u6b74\u53f2 <\/em>\u304c\u6ce81\uff5e3\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6ce84\u306f\u5225\u306e\u51fa\u5178\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6ce85\u306b\u306f\u4f5c\u54c1\u306e\u5168\u8a73\u7d30\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>6.\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30c9\u30a6 <em>\u66f8\u304f\u6280\u8853<\/em> (New York: ABC Publishers, 2023), 78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7.\u540c\u4e0a\u300185<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8.\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u30fb\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3 <em>\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af<\/em> (London: PQR Publishing, 2024), 32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9.\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10.\u540c\u66f8\u300141<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11.\u30c9\u30a5\u30fc<em> \u66f8\u304f\u6280\u8853<\/em>, 102.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12.\u540c\u4e0a\u3001115-119\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3078\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <em>\u66f8\u304f\u6280\u8853<\/em> \u6ce86-7\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6ce88-10\u306f\u5225\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6ce811-12\u3067\u306f\u8457\u8005\u3068\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u306b\u518d\u5ea6\u8a00\u53ca\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8457\u8005\u540d\u3068\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u540d\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6ce811-12\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u77ed\u7e2e\u3057\u305f\u6ce8\u3067\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-using-short-notes-instead-of-ibid\"><strong>\u540c\u66f8\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u77ed\u3044\u30e1\u30e2\u3092\u4f7f\u3046<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b66\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u300cibid.\u300d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u77ed\u3044\u6ce8\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u8457\u8005\u306e\u59d3\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u51fa\u5178\u5143\u306e\u77ed\u3044\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u3082\u8a18\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u77ed\u3044\u30e1\u30e2\u306b\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u5178\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5341\u5206\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u306e\u9593\u306b\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5f15\u7528\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u51fa\u5178\u306b\u77ed\u3044\u6ce8\u91c8\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u304c\u5225\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u308a\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u5f15\u7528\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u77ed\u3044\u30e1\u30e2\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3088\u3046\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5f15\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u300c\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u300e\u74b0\u5883\u7814\u7a76\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u300f25\u53f7\uff082019\u5e74\uff09\uff1a45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u300c\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u300d50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u5225\u306e\u51fa\u5178\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.Emily Johnson, \"Biodiversity Conservation,\" Conservation Review 10, no.3 (2020): 112.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u540c\u3058\u51fa\u5178\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u77ed\u3044\u6ce8\u91c8\u306e\u518d\u958b\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u300c\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u300d115.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5f15\u7528\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5fd8\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/chicago-style-citation\/\">\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/apa-formatting-2\/\">APA<\/a>\u307e\u305f\u306fMLA\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u3068\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-is-ibid-used-in-apa-and-mla-citations\"><strong>Ibid\u306fAPA\u3068MLA\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304b\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>APA\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3068MLA\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u3001ibid.\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u3068\u3082\u811a\u6ce8\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u62ec\u5f27\u5185\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u9806\u306b\u4e26\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306a\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u53ce\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3084\u8aac\u660e\u306b\u306f\u6ce8\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b\u5341\u5206\u306b\u7c21\u6f54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8981\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>APA\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3(1859)\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300c\u6c17\u5019\u306f\u7a2e\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d(p.67)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>MLA\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u5e0c\u5c11\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u89e3\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7a2e\u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u751f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6642\u671f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5e38\u306b\u751a\u5927\u306a\u7834\u58ca\u306b\u898b\u821e\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d(67)\u3068\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-online-infographic-maker-for-science\"><strong>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u79d1\u5b66\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30a9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> \u306f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u30a4\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u3001\u30a2\u30a4\u30b3\u30f3\u3001\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u30ab\u30b9\u30bf\u30de\u30a4\u30ba\u3057\u3066\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3001\u56f3\u8868\u3001\u753b\u50cf\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u306a\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<strong> <\/strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306fMind the Graph\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30d5\u30a7\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30a9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3001\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3001\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u30d3\u30b8\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u8cc7\u6599\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30bb\u30d7\u30c8\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"478\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics.png\" alt=\"\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30a9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\" class=\"wp-image-29948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics.png 478w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics-100x71.png 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics-150x106.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph\u3067\u5275\u4f5c\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u308b<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ibid\u300d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u30fb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u306e\u4ed5\u65b9\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u3001\u30ec\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u30fb\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3002 <\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":31522,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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