{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/id\/crispr-duo-memenangkan-hadiah-nobel-kimia-2020-untuk-kimia\/","title":{"rendered":"Duo CRISPR Mencuri Perhatian: Hadiah Nobel Kimia 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ketepatan adalah ciri khas seorang ilmuwan. Tanpa meninggalkan satu langkah pun, Emmanuelle Charpentier dan Jennifer Doudna menemukan alat revolusioner dalam teknologi gen yang disebut CRISPR\/Cas9, \"Gunting Genetik\". Para perintisnya, Emmanuelle Charpentier dan Jennifer Doudna, dari alat yang mengubah hidup ini akan dianugerahi Hadiah Nobel dalam bidang kimia pada tahun 2020. Penemuan mereka pada tahun 2012 telah menghasilkan banyak sekali penemuan di berbagai bidang penting seperti penelitian kanker, penelitian tanaman, dan menemukan obat untuk penyakit yang diturunkan. Alat CRISPR\/Cas9 telah mempermudah pengeditan sekuens genetik di lokasi yang tepat dalam waktu yang lebih singkat. Penemuan mereka telah mengubah perspektif terhadap ilmu kehidupan. Ini adalah batu loncatan untuk era baru dalam genetika yang akan bermanfaat bagi makhluk hidup.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Apa itu CRISPR\/Cas9 dan Bagaimana ia ditemukan?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9 adalah alat pengeditan gen yang digunakan untuk memotong urutan DNA pada lokasi yang diinginkan. CRISPR adalah singkatan dari Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats dan Cas9 adalah enzim yang membantu dalam memotong urutan. CRISPR memiliki dua fitur utama yaitu pengulang nukleotida dan spacer. Biasanya dalam CRISPR, urutan nukleotida, bertindak seperti untai template untuk mentranskripsi RNA komplementer, yang pada akhirnya disebut sebagai CRISPR RNA (cr RNA). Emmanuelle Charpentier dan Jennifer Doudna adalah orang pertama yang menemukan spacer dan repeater ini. Mereka juga menemukan bahwa enzim Cas9 yang membantu dalam pemotongan urutan DNA berikatan dengan molekul RNA lain. Kedua molekul tersebut, cr RNA dan trans mengaktifkan cr RNA, membantu Cas9 untuk memotong di tempat target DNA untai ganda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Penemuan ini dibuat oleh Emmanuelle Charpentier ketika mengamati mekanisme kekebalan bakteri streptococcus terhadap virus. Fakta yang paling membuatnya penasaran adalah bagaimana molekul RNA yang ditemukan dalam bakteri memiliki kode genetik yang sangat mirip dengan CRISPR bakteri. Setelah menganalisis kedua urutan tersebut, ditemukan bahwa molekul RNA tersebut cocok dengan bagian berulang dari CRISPR. Pada penelitian lebih lanjut, ia menemukan bahwa molekul RNA kecil ini mengaktifkan urutan RNA dengan adanya Cas9. Urutan RNA tersebut adalah hasil dari urutan CRISPR. Molekul ini disebut sebagai RNA CRISPR pengaktif trans. Ketika bakteri terinfeksi oleh virus, bakteri menambahkan DNA virus ke dalam genomnya di wilayah CRISPR sebagai memori. Hal ini membantu bakteri dari infeksi baru. DNA CRISPR ini kemudian disalin untuk membuat RNA CRISPR yang seharusnya dibelah untuk membentuk DNA virus yang akan membantu mengenali DNA virus asing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Kemudian, Jennifer Doudna menganalisis apakah DNA virus ini dapat diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan molekul enzim CRISPR RNA dan Cas9. Setelah beberapa kali percobaan, mereka masih belum dapat mengidentifikasinya dan menyadari bahwa ada sesuatu yang hilang. Oleh karena itu, pada percobaan berikutnya, mereka menambahkan molekul trans activating cr RNA yang ditemukan oleh Emmanuelle. Yang mengejutkan mereka, DNA virus teridentifikasi yang mengarah ke aeon baru yang akan datang.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Saat ini CRISPR\/Cas9 telah membuka pendekatan baru terhadap kehidupan. Alat ini digunakan di berbagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Alat ini telah mengalami evolusi dalam ilmu kedokteran. Saat ini para peneliti sedang bekerja untuk mengakhiri gangguan yang diwariskan yang paling banyak mempengaruhi umat manusia. Bidang lain di mana alat ini digunakan adalah pertanian untuk memodifikasi tanaman menjadi tahan terhadap infeksi, dalam pengembangan obat, dalam terapi gen, dan banyak lagi. Dengan penggunaan alat ini yang sesuai aturan dan etis, umat manusia dapat merasakan dunia tanpa batas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Referensi\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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