{"id":26914,"date":"2023-02-27T12:44:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-27T15:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/what-is-stargazing-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-02-28T18:06:09","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T21:06:09","slug":"earthquake-magnitude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/hu\/foldrenges-magnitudo\/","title":{"rendered":"A f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sek er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9nek \u00e9s hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se"},"content":{"rendered":"

A f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sek sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben elterjedt term\u00e9szeti jelens\u00e9gek, amelyek rendszeresen el\u0151fordulnak a vil\u00e1g minden t\u00e1j\u00e1n. Az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok F\u00f6ldtani Int\u00e9zet\u00e9nek (USGS) adatai szerint \u00e9vente t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1zezer f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, amelyek t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge t\u00fal gyenge ahhoz, hogy az emberek \u00e9szrevegy\u00e9k. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sek gyakoris\u00e1ga jelent\u0151sen v\u00e1ltozik att\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en, hogy hol k\u00f6vetkeznek be. Az akt\u00edv lemezhat\u00e1rokon val\u00f3 elhelyezked\u00e9s\u00fck miatt egyes helyeken, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Kaliforni\u00e1ban \u00e9s Jap\u00e1nban rendszeresen, m\u00edg m\u00e1shol csak sz\u00f3rv\u00e1nyosan fordulnak el\u0151 f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sz\u00edria \u00e9s T\u00f6r\u00f6korsz\u00e1g szint\u00e9n hajlamos a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sekre. T\u00f6r\u00f6korsz\u00e1g az afrikai \u00e9s az eur\u00e1zsiai tektonikus lemez hat\u00e1r\u00e1n fekszik, m\u00edg Sz\u00edria az afrikai \u00e9s az arab tektonikus lemez hat\u00e1r\u00e1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ez\u00e9rt kellett szemben\u00e9zni\u00fck a 2023. febru\u00e1r 6-i sz\u00f6rny\u0171 f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9ssel, amely t\u00f6bb mint 11 000 ember hal\u00e1l\u00e1t okozta, \u00e9s t\u00f6bb t\u00edzezer embert sebes\u00edtett meg. A f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s er\u0151ss\u00e9ge el\u00e9rte a 7,8-as er\u0151ss\u00e9get, ami nagyon nagy \u00e9s potenci\u00e1lisan puszt\u00edt\u00f3 f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9snek sz\u00e1m\u00edt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mi a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s er\u0151ss\u00e9ge?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s er\u0151ss\u00e9ge a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek vagy erej\u00e9nek m\u00e9rt\u00e9kegys\u00e9ge, amely a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s \u00e1ltal termelt energia mennyis\u00e9g\u00e9t jel\u00f6li. A magnit\u00fad\u00f3t a szeizmikus hull\u00e1mok m\u00e9rete \u00e9s a megfigyelt talajmozg\u00e1s mennyis\u00e9ge alapj\u00e1n sz\u00e1m\u00edtj\u00e1k ki. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Richter-sk\u00e1la, amelyet Charles Richter az 1930-as \u00e9vekben hozott l\u00e9tre, sok\u00e1ig a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sek er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9nek hagyom\u00e1nyos m\u00e9rc\u00e9je volt, de jelenleg a Moment Magnitude Scale l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben felv\u00e1ltotta azt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hogyan m\u00e9rj\u00fck a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9t? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9nek m\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re sz\u00e1mos m\u00f3dszer l\u00e9tezik, \u00e9s mindegyik megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s m\u00e1s-m\u00e1s becsl\u00e9st ad a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s m\u00e9ret\u00e9r\u0151l. Az al\u00e1bbiakban a legelterjedtebb megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9sek k\u00f6vetkeznek:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Richter-sk\u00e1la<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A Richter-magnit\u00fad\u00f3sk\u00e1la a szeizmom\u00e9ter \u00e1ltal r\u00f6gz\u00edtett legnagyobb szeizmikus hull\u00e1mon alapul, \u00e9s egyetlen \u00e9rt\u00e9kkel \u00edrja le a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s teljes nagys\u00e1g\u00e1t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logaritmikus, ami azt jelenti, hogy a magnit\u00fad\u00f3 kis m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 n\u00f6veked\u00e9se a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek jelent\u0151s n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t eredm\u00e9nyezi. Egy 7,0 magnit\u00fad\u00f3j\u00fa f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul t\u00edzszer nagyobb, mint egy 6,0 magnit\u00fad\u00f3j\u00fa f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s, \u00e9s sz\u00e1zszor nagyobb, mint egy 5,0 magnit\u00fad\u00f3j\u00fa f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Richter-sk\u00e1la 0-t\u00f3l 9-ig terjed\u0151 er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u0171, a 2,0-n\u00e1l kisebb sz\u00e1mokat \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem \u00e9rz\u00e9kelik az emberek, a 8,0-n\u00e1l nagyobb sz\u00e1mok pedig olyan nagy f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9seknek sz\u00e1m\u00edtanak, amelyek k\u00e9pesek nagy k\u00e1rokat \u00e9s katasztr\u00f3f\u00e1t okozni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A pillanat nagys\u00e1grendje<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A Moment Magnit\u00fad\u00f3sk\u00e1l\u00e1t a Richter-sk\u00e1la alternat\u00edv\u00e1jak\u00e9nt vezett\u00e9k be a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sek er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9nek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A Moment Magnit\u00fad\u00f3sk\u00e1la a Richter-magnit\u00fad\u00f3sk\u00e1l\u00e1val ellent\u00e9tben a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s \u00e1ltal gener\u00e1lt teljes energi\u00e1t becs\u00fcli meg. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A szeizmikus momentum fogalm\u00e1n alapul, amely a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s nagys\u00e1g\u00e1t a t\u00f6r\u00e9sen bek\u00f6vetkezett cs\u00fasz\u00e1s (mozg\u00e1s) m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9n, a t\u00f6r\u00e9s elcs\u00faszott ter\u00fclet\u00e9n \u00e9s a f\u00f6ldk\u00e9reg merevs\u00e9g\u00e9n alapul\u00f3 f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sm\u00e9ret. A szeizmikus momentumot szeizmikus hull\u00e1mm\u00e9r\u00e9sekb\u0151l \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k el\u0151, \u00e9s a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s Moment Magnit\u00fad\u00f3j\u00e1nak meg\u00edt\u00e9l\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Moment Magnit\u00fad\u00f3sk\u00e1la, ak\u00e1rcsak a Richter magnit\u00fad\u00f3sk\u00e1la, logaritmikus, ami azt jelenti, hogy a magnit\u00fad\u00f3 kis m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 n\u00f6veked\u00e9se a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s nagys\u00e1g\u00e1nak hatalmas n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9vel egyen\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Moment Magnit\u00fad\u00f3sk\u00e1la -2,0-t\u00f3l 9,0-ig terjed, \u00e9s ez a leggyakrabban haszn\u00e1lt f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9snagys\u00e1g-sk\u00e1la, mivel pontosabban m\u00e9ri a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s nagys\u00e1g\u00e1t, mint a Richter-sk\u00e1la, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a nagy m\u00e9lys\u00e9gben bek\u00f6vetkez\u0151 nagy f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sek eset\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Illusztr\u00e1ci\u00f3 el\u00e9rhet\u0151 a Mind the Graph<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>A Mercalli-sk\u00e1la<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A Mercalli-sk\u00e1la egy f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s s\u00falyoss\u00e1gi sk\u00e1la, amely a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9snek a f\u00f6ldk\u00e9regre, valamint a szem\u00e9lyekre, \u00e9p\u00fcletekre \u00e9s egy\u00e9b szerkezetekre gyakorolt hat\u00e1sait mutatja. A Mercalli-sk\u00e1l\u00e1t gyakran a Richter- vagy a Moment-magnit\u00fad\u00f3sk\u00e1l\u00e1val egy\u00fctt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, amelyek a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9nek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1lnak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sk\u00e1la egy r\u00f3mai sz\u00e1mrendszeren alapul, amely I-t\u0151l XII-ig terjed, az I a gyenge, az emberek \u00e1ltal nem \u00e9rz\u00e9kelhet\u0151 reng\u00e9seket, a XII pedig a rendk\u00edv\u00fcl er\u0151s, sz\u00e9les k\u00f6r\u0171 k\u00e1rokat \u00e9s puszt\u00edt\u00e1st okoz\u00f3 reng\u00e9seket jel\u00f6li. Figyelembe veszi, hogy milyen felsz\u00ednen t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s, milyen t\u00edpus\u00fa szerkezeteket \u00e9rint, \u00e9s mekkora a puszt\u00edt\u00e1s m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Mercalli-sk\u00e1la \u00e9s a Moment Magnit\u00fad\u00f3sk\u00e1la vagy a Richter-sk\u00e1la egy\u00fcttesen egy f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosabb meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9t teszi lehet\u0151v\u00e9, bele\u00e9rtve annak nagys\u00e1g\u00e1t \u00e9s hat\u00e1s\u00e1t is. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, ha egy nagyobb momentummagnit\u00fad\u00f3j\u00fa f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s egy kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 n\u00e9pes helyen t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, vagy ha a talaj kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9svesz\u00e9lyes, akkor nem okoz akkora k\u00e1rokat, mint egy kisebb momentummagnit\u00fad\u00f3j\u00fa f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s egy s\u0171r\u0171n lakott ter\u00fcleten, vagy ha a talaj nagyon s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9svesz\u00e9lyes, akkor a k\u00e1rok ebben a helyzetben nagyobbak lehetnek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ez\u00e9rt lehet a k\u00e9t sk\u00e1la kombin\u00e1l\u00e1sa a legjobb megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s, mivel a Mercalli-sk\u00e1la a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9st \u00e1t\u00e9l\u0151 \u00e9s az \u00e1ltaluk \u00e9szlelt hat\u00e1sokr\u00f3l besz\u00e1mol\u00f3 szem\u00e9lyek megfigyel\u00e9sein alapul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hogyan tal\u00e1ljuk meg a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s epicentrum\u00e1t?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A szeizmol\u00f3gusok a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s epicentrum\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra a h\u00e1romsz\u00f6gel\u00e9s nev\u0171 technik\u00e1t alkalmazz\u00e1k. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A h\u00e1romsz\u00f6gel\u00e9s alapgondolata az, hogy a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 szeizmikus hull\u00e1mok k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 sebess\u00e9ggel haladnak a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 anyagokon kereszt\u00fcl, \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 id\u0151ben \u00e9rkeznek az epicentrumt\u00f3l k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00e1vols\u00e1gban l\u00e9v\u0151 szeizmogr\u00e1fiai \u00e1llom\u00e1sokra. A szeizmol\u00f3gusok a szeizmikus hull\u00e1mok t\u00f6bb szeizmogr\u00e1fiai ponton t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 meg\u00e9rkez\u00e9si idej\u00e9nek tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s\u00e1val meg tudj\u00e1k becs\u00fclni az epicentrum helyzet\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s intenzit\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Magnit\u00fad\u00f3<\/th>T\u00e1mogat\u00e1s intenzit\u00e1sa<\/th>Hat\u00e1s<\/th>A f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sek \u00e1tlagos gyakoris\u00e1ga<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
2,0 vagy kevesebb<\/strong><\/td>Micro<\/td>Ritk\u00e1n \u00e9reztem<\/td>\u00c9vente t\u00f6bb mint milli\u00f3<\/td><\/tr>
2,0-2,9<\/strong><\/td>Kisebb<\/td>Enyh\u00e9n \u00e9rezhet\u0151<\/td>\u00c9vente t\u00f6bb mint egymilli\u00f3<\/td><\/tr>
3,0-3,9<\/strong><\/td>T\u00f6bb mint kisebb<\/td>Gyakran \u00e9reztem<\/td>\u00c9vente t\u00f6bb mint sz\u00e1zezer<\/td><\/tr>
4,0-4,9<\/strong><\/td>F\u00e9ny<\/td>A legt\u00f6bb ember \u00fagy \u00e9rzi<\/td>\u00c9vente t\u00f6bb mint t\u00edzezer<\/td><\/tr>
5,0-5,9<\/strong><\/td>M\u00e9rs\u00e9kelt<\/td>K\u00e1ros\u00edthatja a rossz szerkezeteket<\/td>\u00c9vente t\u00f6bb mint ezer<\/td><\/tr>
6,0-6,9<\/strong><\/td>Er\u0151s<\/td>K\u00e1rokat okoz a m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelten j\u00f3l meg\u00e9p\u00edtett szerkezetekben<\/td>\u00c9vente t\u00f6bb mint sz\u00e1z<\/td><\/tr>
7,0 \u00e9s 7,9 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt<\/strong><\/td>Major<\/td>A legt\u00f6bb \u00e9p\u00fcletben k\u00e1rt okoz<\/td>\u00c9vente t\u00edz-h\u00fasz<\/td><\/tr>
8,0 \u00e9s 8,9 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt<\/strong><\/td>Nagyszer\u0171<\/td>Az \u00e9p\u00fcletekben keletkezett jelent\u0151s k\u00e1rok<\/td>\u00c9vente egy<\/td><\/tr>
9.0 vagy t\u00f6bb<\/strong><\/td>Legnagyobb<\/td>\u00d6sszeomolhat minden \u00e9p\u00fclet<\/td>T\u00edz\u00e9vente vagy t\u00f6bb\u00e9vente egy<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Szakosodtunk a grafikus \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3kra, tudom\u00e1nyos adatokra, amelyeket tud\u00f3sok kur\u00e1toraival k\u00e9sz\u00edtett\u00fcnk.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A grafikus \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3k seg\u00edthetnek a tud\u00f3soknak a bonyolult fogalmak k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9ben, kiemelve a legfontosabb eredm\u00e9nyeket, n\u00f6velve a kutat\u00e1s felfedezhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s el\u0151seg\u00edtve a multidiszciplin\u00e1ris munk\u00e1t. A tud\u00f3sok a grafikus \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3k alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhet\u0151bb\u00e9 \u00e9s \u00e9rthet\u0151bb\u00e9 tehetik tanulm\u00e1nyaikat, ami seg\u00edtheti a tudom\u00e1nyter\u00fclet \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha egy egyszer\u0171 eszk\u00f6zre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge grafikai absztraktok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, haszn\u00e1lja a Mind The Graph nev\u0171 eszk\u00f6zt, amely felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3bar\u00e1tnak k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, \u00e9s b\u00e1rki, m\u00e9g a korl\u00e1tozott tervez\u00e9si k\u00e9pess\u00e9gekkel rendelkez\u0151k is k\u00e9pesek professzion\u00e1lis min\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 grafik\u00e1kat k\u00e9sz\u00edteni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Itt az ideje, hogy meg\u00e9rts\u00fck a f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9s er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9t, a leggyakrabban haszn\u00e1lt sk\u00e1l\u00e1kat, \u00e9s azt, hogy ezek hogyan jelezhetik el\u0151re egy esem\u00e9ny s\u00falyoss\u00e1g\u00e1t.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":26924,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nUnderstanding Earthquake Magnitudes and Their Impact<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"It's time to understand the earthquake magnitude, the most often used scales, and how they might predict the severity of an event.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/hu\/wielkosc-trzesienia-ziemi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Understanding Earthquake Magnitudes and Their Impact\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It's time to understand the earthquake magnitude, the most often used scales, and how they might predict the severity of an event.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/hu\/wielkosc-trzesienia-ziemi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-27T15:44:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-28T21:06:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/blog-earthquake.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1124\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"613\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jessica 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