{"id":15587,"date":"2022-02-16T19:11:04","date_gmt":"2022-02-16T21:11:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/how-scientific-names-are-written-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T15:48:12","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T18:48:12","slug":"how-scientific-names-are-written","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/hu\/how-scientific-names-are-written-written\/","title":{"rendered":"A tudom\u00e1nyos nevek \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3dja"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A tudom\u00e1nyos \u00edr\u00e1sokban a pontos terminol\u00f3gia elengedhetetlen. K\u00f6vetkez\u00e9sk\u00e9ppen, a l\u00e9tez\u0151 taxon\u00f3mi\u00e1nak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en a tud\u00f3sok szabv\u00e1nyos kifejez\u00e9seket haszn\u00e1lnak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek \u00e9s \u00e1llatok elnevez\u00e9se \u00e9s oszt\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sa a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem sor\u00e1n mindig is l\u00e9tezett, de nem volt mindig egys\u00e9ges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A tizennyolcadik sz\u00e1zadban olyan tud\u00f3sok, mint Carl Linnaeus, jelent\u0151sen hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rultak a tudom\u00e1nyos nevek \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3dj\u00e1nak nemzetk\u00f6zi rendszer\u00e9nek megalapoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Annyi \u00faj felfedez\u00e9st tettek az \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9nyekr\u0151l, hogy az elnevez\u00e9s\u00fck neh\u00e9zz\u00e9 v\u00e1lt, ez\u00e9rt l\u00e9trehozt\u00e1k a rendszertant \u00e9s a tudom\u00e1nyos nomenklat\u00far\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Egy modern rendszertani rendszerben a besz\u00e9lt nyelvt\u0151l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl ugyanarra a fajra lehet hivatkozni. A tudom\u00e1ny ter\u00fclet\u00e9n ez a keretrendszer vez\u00e9rel minden olyan kutat\u00e1st, amelynek c\u00e9lja az \u00e9l\u0151 szervezetek \u00e9s azok k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1sainak jobb meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>\u00cdgy \u00edrj\u00e1k a tudom\u00e1nyos neveket <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e9nyeges meg\u00e9rteni, hogy egy faj tudom\u00e1nyos neve - legyen az n\u00f6v\u00e9ny, \u00e1llat, bakt\u00e9rium, gomba stb. - k\u00e9t r\u00e9szb\u0151l \u00e1ll: egy nemzets\u00e9gb\u0151l, k\u00e9t nemzets\u00e9gb\u0151l, majd a faj nev\u00e9b\u0151l, az \u00fagynevezett binomi\u00e1lis n\u00f3menklat\u00far\u00e1b\u00f3l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik a binomi\u00e1lis n\u00f3menklat\u00fara?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Linnaeus 1753-ban vezette be binomi\u00e1lis n\u00f3menklat\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1t, amelyet az\u00f3ta is sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben alkalmaznak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A biol\u00f3giai fajokat olyan latin nevekkel jel\u00f6lik, amelyek k\u00e9t kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa elemet tartalmaznak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"<em>Ez a <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genus\"><em>nemzets\u00e9g<\/em><\/a><em> amelyet a <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Species\"><em>faj<\/em><\/a>\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>A tudom\u00e1nyos nevek \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3dj\u00e1nak alapszab\u00e1lya<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>A nemzets\u00e9get a fajn\u00e9vnek kell k\u00f6vetnie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minden nevet d\u0151lt bet\u0171vel kell \u00edrni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A nemzets\u00e9gn\u00e9v kiv\u00e9tel\u00e9vel ne \u00edrjon nagybet\u0171vel semmit.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>[Ne feledje azonban, hogy egy tudom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9v tartalmazhat egy <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subspecies#:~:text=In%20biological%20classification%2C%20the%20term,one%20another%20by%20morphological%20characteristics.&amp;text=In%20the%20wild%2C%20subspecies%20do,geographic%20isolation%20or%20sexual%20selection.\">alfajok<\/a>, ha ez a faj azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l l\u00e9nyeges.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Az \u00f6sszes tudom\u00e1nyos szervezet nev\u00e9t a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k hat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k meg <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iapt-taxon.org\/nomen\/main.php\">nemzetk\u00f6zi k\u00f3dexek<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P\u00e9lda:<\/strong> A tigris tudom\u00e1nyos neve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/species\/tiger#:~:text=Map%20data%20provided%20by%20IUCN,Sunda%20(Panthera%20tigris%20sondaica).\"><em>Panthera tigris<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A latin nyelv\u0171 tudom\u00e1nyos neveket, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Panthera tigris, mindig d\u0151lt bet\u0171vel \u00edrjuk, \u00e9s az els\u0151 sz\u00f3t nagybet\u0171vel \u00edrjuk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Itt a Panthera a nemzets\u00e9g, a tigris pedig a faj megjel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l. E k\u00e9t elem kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3ja alkotja a tigris tudom\u00e1nyos nev\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/all-access-pricing?utm_source=mtg&amp;utm_campaign=all-access-promotion&amp;utm_medium=blog\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-1024x410.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-1024x410.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-1536x615.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-2048x820.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-100x40.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Az oszt\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si rendszer h\u00e9t oszt\u00e1lyb\u00f3l \u00e1ll<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Csak a nemzets\u00e9g, a faj \u00e9s az alfaj (ha van ilyen) j\u00e1rul hozz\u00e1 a rendszertanhoz, a szok\u00e1sos binomi\u00e1lis tudom\u00e1nyos n\u00f3menklat\u00far\u00e1hoz. Vegy\u00fck p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a tigrist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g:<\/strong> Animalia - minden \u00e1llat ebbe a kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ba tartozik.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f6rzs:<\/strong> Chordata (a gerincesek oszt\u00e1lya) - a gerinces \u00e9s gerinces \u00e1llatok tartoznak ebbe az oszt\u00e1lyba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Oszt\u00e1ly:<\/strong> Az eml\u0151s\u00f6k - a sz\u0151rrel \u00e9s eml\u0151mirigyekkel rendelkez\u0151 eml\u0151s\u00f6k - ebbe a kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ba tartoznak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rendben:<\/strong> Carnivora, amely a h\u00fasev\u0151k minden fajt\u00e1j\u00e1t mag\u00e1ban foglalja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Csal\u00e1d:<\/strong> Felidae- h\u00e1zi \u00e9s vadmacsk\u00e1k tartoznak ebbe a csal\u00e1dba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nemzets\u00e9g:<\/strong> Panthera- a nagytest\u0171, ord\u00edt\u00f3 macsk\u00e1k kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fajok:<\/strong> Tigris- egy bizonyos fajta nagymacska, amely vad\u00e1szik \u00e9s vadon \u00e9l.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>A tigris nyolc elismert alfaj\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00f6t l\u00e9tezik ma (beng\u00e1li, amuri, indok\u00ednai, szum\u00e1trai \u00e9s d\u00e9l-k\u00ednai tigris). Ezen alfajok fizikai jellemz\u0151i, f\u00f6ldrajzi elterjed\u00e9s\u00fck, sz\u0151rt\u00edpusuk \u00e9s sz\u0151rzet\u00fck elt\u00e9r\u0151.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Tudom\u00e1nyos nevek form\u00e1z\u00e1sa tudom\u00e1nyos \u00edr\u00e1shoz<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>D\u0151lt bet\u0171s \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A st\u00edlusok \u00e9s kiadv\u00e1nyok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gek lehetnek. Az \u00e1llatok \u00e9s n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek tudom\u00e1nyos nev\u00e9t szinte mindig d\u0151lt bet\u0171vel kell \u00edrni. Ez egy alapvet\u0151 ir\u00e1nyelv, amikor a tudom\u00e1nyos nevek \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3dj\u00e1r\u00f3l van sz\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Nagybet\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hasonl\u00f3k\u00e9ppen, a tudom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9v elej\u00e9n a nemzets\u00e9get is nagybet\u0171vel kell \u00edrni. A fajokat \u00e9s alfajokat kisbet\u0171vel kell \u00edrni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>R\u00f6vid\u00edt\u00e9sek haszn\u00e1lata a nemzets\u00e9gnevekhez<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A nemzets\u00e9g els\u0151 haszn\u00e1latakor a n\u00e9v r\u00f6vid\u00edt\u00e9se is lehets\u00e9ges: Panthera t. Tigris a beng\u00e1li tigrisek eset\u00e9ben. K\u00e9rj\u00fck, ne r\u00f6vid\u00edtse le, ha olyan fajokat sorol fel, amelyek bet\u0171je hasonl\u00f3, de k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 nemzets\u00e9gekhez tartoznak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>A taxon\u00f3mia oszt\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sai a nemzets\u00e9g felett<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A magasabb rendszertani szinteket \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nagybet\u0171vel kell \u00edrni (csal\u00e1d, rend, oszt\u00e1ly, t\u00f6rzs vagy oszt\u00e1ly \u00e9s kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g), de nem kell d\u0151lt bet\u0171vel \u00edrni \u0151ket. Van azonban n\u00e9h\u00e1ny speci\u00e1lis eset: a bakt\u00e9riumokat, gomb\u00e1kat \u00e9s v\u00edrusokat a csal\u00e1d szintj\u00e9n is d\u0151lt bet\u0171vel kell \u00edrni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Alfajok<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A fajokhoz hasonl\u00f3an az alfajok is k\u00f6vetkezetesen kisbet\u0171vel \u00e9s d\u0151lt bet\u0171vel szerepelnek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Ismeretlen vagy nem meghat\u00e1rozott faj<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Az azonos\u00edtatlan fajokat \"sp.\" r\u00f6vid\u00edt\u00e9ssel kell jel\u00f6lni. T\u00f6bbes sz\u00e1mban \"spp.\". P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az erd\u0151ben sz\u00e1mos Cladonia faj (Cladonia spp.) volt megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. A \"sp.\" \u00e9s a \"spp.\" nem szerepel d\u0151lt bet\u0171vel. Amikor egy fajt el\u0151sz\u00f6r \u00edrnak le, akkor \"sp. Novo\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>A felfedez\u0151k neve<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A tudom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9v ut\u00e1n n\u00e9ha annak a kutat\u00f3nak a r\u00f6vid\u00edt\u00e9se vagy teljes neve szerepel, aki a fajt megalkotta vagy az organizmust felfedezte (pl.: \". Carolus Linnaeus, egy kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 tud\u00f3s, akinek a nev\u00e9t latinos\u00edtott\u00e1k, r\u00f6vid\u00edtve \"L.\": \"Juncus inflexus L.\"). A tud\u00f3s vagy az egy\u00e9n nev\u00e9t nem szabad d\u0151lt bet\u0171vel \u00edrni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>K\u00f6vetkezetes megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A k\u00f6vetkezetess\u00e9g a tudom\u00e1nyos \u00edr\u00e1s fontos szempontja. A k\u00f6vetkezetess\u00e9g fenntart\u00e1sa elengedhetetlen, f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl att\u00f3l, hogy a k\u00f6z\u00f6ns\u00e9ges vagy a tudom\u00e1nyos nevet haszn\u00e1lja. Miel\u0151tt bek\u00fcldi a k\u00e9zirat\u00e1t, gondosan ellen\u0151rizze a k\u00e9ziratra vonatkoz\u00f3 ir\u00e1nyelveket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 form\u00e1tumok l\u00e9teznek a hivatkoz\u00e1sok \u00e9s id\u00e9zetek, a c\u00edmsorok \u00e9s a bekezd\u00e9sek sorrendje tekintet\u00e9ben. Amikor tudom\u00e1nyos neveket \u00edr, biztos lehet benne, hogy a form\u00e1tum ugyanaz, b\u00e1rhol is publik\u00e1lj\u00e1k, f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl att\u00f3l, hogy melyik foly\u00f3iratot k\u00edv\u00e1nja haszn\u00e1lni. A k\u00f6vetkezetess\u00e9g biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben k\u00f6vetheti a fent v\u00e1zolt szab\u00e1lyokat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teh\u00e1t ezekkel a szab\u00e1lyokkal \u00e9s a tudom\u00e1nyos nevek \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3dj\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3 egyszer\u0171 utas\u00edt\u00e1sokkal rem\u00e9lhet\u0151leg nem okoz majd gondot a tudom\u00e1nyos nevek meg\u00edr\u00e1sa vagy meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abban az esetben, ha \u00faj pap\u00edrt kezdesz, \u00e9s tetszett ez a cikk, ne felejtsd el megn\u00e9zni a '<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/research-paper-how-to-write\/\">Kutat\u00e1si tanulm\u00e1ny: Hogyan kell \u00edrni a semmib\u0151l 5 egyszer\u0171 l\u00e9p\u00e9sben<\/a>'. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vagy ha igazi \u00fatmutat\u00f3t akarsz, itt van egy <a href=\"https:\/\/content.mindthegraph.com\/guidelines-for-writing-a-scientific-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fantasztikus e-k\u00f6nyv <\/a>hogy seg\u00edts\u00fcnk egy hihetetlen\u00fcl j\u00f3 dolgozatot \u00edrni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/content.mindthegraph.com\/guidelines-for-writing-a-scientific-paper\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ir\u00e1nyelvek a tudom\u00e1nyos dolgozat meg\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1hoz<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e9h\u00e1ny hasznos vide\u00f3t is megtekinthet a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MindtheGraph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">youtube csatorna<\/a>. Mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul ez a Hogyan haszn\u00e1ljuk a tipogr\u00e1fi\u00e1t egy tudom\u00e1nyos infografik\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Hogyan haszn\u00e1ljuk a tipogr\u00e1fi\u00e1t egy tudom\u00e1nyos infografik\u00e1ban?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<center>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hogyan haszn\u00e1ljuk a tipogr\u00e1fi\u00e1t egy tudom\u00e1nyos infografik\u00e1ban?\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sblqMOVb8yY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A tudom\u00e1nyos \u00edr\u00e1sokban a pontos terminol\u00f3gia elengedhetetlen. K\u00f6vetkez\u00e9sk\u00e9ppen, a l\u00e9tez\u0151 taxon\u00f3mi\u00e1nak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en a tud\u00f3sok szabv\u00e1nyos kifejez\u00e9seket haszn\u00e1lnak. Ismerje meg ezeket ebben a cikkben.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15564,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38],"tags":[859,554,858,962,382,823,441],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Scientific names are written with pratical examples<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In scientific writing, accurate terminology is imperative, as scientists ourselves, we&#039;re here to teach you how scientific names are written.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/hu\/how-scientific-names-are-written-written\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Visual abstracts made easy with Mind the Graph\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Your visual abstracts can be beautiful with Mind the Graph. Learn how to create them in this special post with design tips for scientists.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/hu\/how-scientific-names-are-written-written\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-16T21:11:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-05T18:48:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/graphical_abstract_madeeasy_blog.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1123\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"612\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Visual abstracts made easy with Mind the Graph\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Your visual abstracts can be beautiful with Mind the Graph. 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