{"id":14781,"date":"2021-10-14T14:28:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T17:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=14781"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:53:24","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:53:24","slug":"motivational-tactics-the-math-behind-the-reward-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/hu\/motivacios-taktika-a-matrac-a-dij-rendszer-mogott\/","title":{"rendered":"Motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3s taktik\u00e1k: A jutalmaz\u00e1si rendszer m\u00f6g\u00f6tti matematika"},"content":{"rendered":"

A jutalmaz\u00e1si rendszer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A bels\u0151 motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00fa strat\u00e9gia szab\u00e1lyozza, hogy mekkora er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9st tesz\u00fcnk egy c\u00e9l el\u00e9r\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A k\u00e9rd\u00e9s az: mi motiv\u00e1l benn\u00fcnket arra, hogy a lehet\u0151 legt\u00f6bb er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9st tegy\u00fck b\u00e1rmilyen c\u00e9l \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, b\u00e1rmilyen jelent\u00e9ktelennek t\u0171nik is az? Vajon az agyunk pr\u00f3b\u00e1l minket egy jutalomra cs\u00e1b\u00edtani, mint motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3s strat\u00e9gi\u00e1ra, ami el\u0151revisz minket? Milyen okok \u00e1llnak tetteink m\u00f6g\u00f6tt?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A jutalmaz\u00e1si rendszert sz\u00e1mos k\u00f3ros \u00e1llapot gyeng\u00edti, ami motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3hi\u00e1nyt okoz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A friss tanulm\u00e1ny<\/a> Jap\u00e1nban megvizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k a majmok jutalmaz\u00e1si rendszer\u00e9nek h\u00e1l\u00f3zatait, \u00e9s finom\u00edtottak rajtuk. Tanulm\u00e1nyukban a kutat\u00f3k felt\u00e1rt\u00e1k a motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3 fokoz\u00e1s\u00e1t c\u00e9lz\u00f3 jutalmaz\u00e1si rendszerek n\u00e9h\u00e1ny alapvet\u0151 szempontj\u00e1t. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Mind<\/a>
Mind the Graph illusztr\u00e1ci\u00f3: Vervet Monkey Sober<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Neurol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l ez az agy jutalmaz\u00e1si rendszer\u00e9re vezethet\u0151 vissza, amely befoly\u00e1solja a c\u00e9ljaink el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re val\u00f3 hajlamunkat \u00e9s a c\u00e9lok el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9vel j\u00e1r\u00f3 el\u00e9gedetts\u00e9get. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A kutat\u00f3k a bizonyos embercsoportok (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a depresszi\u00f3ban, skizofr\u00e9ni\u00e1ban vagy Parkinson-k\u00f3rban szenved\u0151k, akiknek jutalmaz\u00e1si rendszere jellemz\u0151en k\u00e1rosodott) k\u00e1ros pszichol\u00f3giai neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gek forr\u00e1s\u00e1nak azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben vizsg\u00e1lj\u00e1k a jutalmaz\u00e1si rendszer mechanizmusait, \u00e9s azt, hogy mik\u00e9nt d\u00f6nt arr\u00f3l, hogy bizonyos cselekv\u00e9seket kezdem\u00e9nyez-e vagy sem.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Mind<\/a>
Mind the Graph sablon<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

A motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3 dek\u00f3dol\u00e1sa: Mit tal\u00e1ltak a kutat\u00f3k<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Minden nap m\u00e9rlegelj\u00fck egy cselekv\u00e9s el\u0151nyeit \u00e9s k\u00f6lts\u00e9geit, \u00e9s eld\u00f6ntj\u00fck, hogy cselekedj\u00fcnk-e vagy sem. Az el\u0151ny\u00f6k (jutalmak) n\u00f6velik a sikeres eredm\u00e9ny val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9t, m\u00edg az eredm\u00e9ny el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6lts\u00e9gei (kock\u00e1zat, k\u00e9sedelem \u00e9s kem\u00e9ny munka) a jutalom cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9t eredm\u00e9nyezik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A dopamin (DA) a motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3 kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa \u00f6sszetev\u0151je, amely a cselekv\u00e9s v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 jutalma vagy k\u00f6lts\u00e9gei alapj\u00e1n befoly\u00e1solja a viselked\u00e9st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A k\u00f6z\u00e9pagyi DA-neuronok f\u00e1zist\u00fczel\u00e9s\u00e9nek pozit\u00edv augment\u00e1ci\u00f3ja a potenci\u00e1lis jutalmakkal, az ellenkez\u0151 ir\u00e1ny\u00fa augment\u00e1ci\u00f3 pedig a kock\u00e1zatokkal korrel\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahogy a DA tov\u00e1bb\u00edtja a hat\u00e1s\u00e1t az agyban, azt a DA-receptorok tov\u00e1bb\u00edtj\u00e1k, amelyek felkutatj\u00e1k \u00e9s megk\u00f6tik a DA-molekul\u00e1kat, \u00edgy tov\u00e1bb\u00edtva a jeleket az eg\u00e9sz idegrendszerben. Ennek ellen\u00e9re, mivel az egyes receptorok tulajdons\u00e1gai elt\u00e9r\u0151ek, alapvet\u0151 fontoss\u00e1g\u00fa volt az egyes receptorok DA jel\u00e1tviteli \u00fatvonalra gyakorolt relat\u00edv hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3 meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a kutat\u00f3k mak\u00e1k\u00f3 majmok seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel k\u00e9tf\u00e9le DA-receptort vizsg\u00e1ltak: Mindkett\u0151 szerepet j\u00e1tszik a jutalom \u00e1ltal vez\u00e9relt motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3ban.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Mind<\/a>
Mind the Graph sablon<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

A tud\u00f3sok szisztematikus megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9st alkalmaztak a D1R \u00e9s a DA receptorok modul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra ezekben a majmokban egy olyan molekula bead\u00e1s\u00e1val, amely elnyomta a majmok DA-v\u00e1lasz\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozitronemisszi\u00f3s tomogr\u00e1fi\u00e1val meghat\u00e1rozt\u00e1k, hogy az \u00e1llatok agy\u00e1ban h\u00e1ny receptor k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00f6tt vagy blokkol\u00f3dott. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a majmoknak feladatokat adtak, amelyeket jutalom\u00e9rt cser\u00e9be be kellett fejezni\u00fck. Ennek sor\u00e1n meghat\u00e1rozt\u00e1k, hogy elfogadj\u00e1k-e a feladatokat vagy sem, \u00e9s hogy gyorsan reag\u00e1lnak-e a jelz\u00e9sekre. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A DA motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3ban bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt szerep\u00e9nek m\u00e9lyrehat\u00f3 meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9hez elengedhetetlen a DA-mint\u00e1k nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9se a haszon- \u00e9s k\u00f6lts\u00e9gf\u00e1zisok sor\u00e1n, valamint a DA DA receptorokra gyakorolt hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak m\u00e9r\u00e9se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A szem\u00e9ly d\u00f6nt\u00e9shozatal\u00e1t \u00e9s motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t befoly\u00e1solja a jutalom \u00e9s a jutalom megszerz\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6lts\u00e9gei k\u00f6z\u00f6tti csere. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1ltal\u00e1nosan elfogadott n\u00e9zet, hogy az emberek \u00e9s az \u00e1llatok az azonnali, viszonylag kis jutalmakat r\u00e9szes\u00edtik el\u0151nyben a nagyobbakkal szemben, amelyekhez id\u0151re van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A DA D1R-en \u00e9s a D2R-en kereszt\u00fcl t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00e1tvitele r\u00e9v\u00e9n a k\u00f6lts\u00e9galap\u00fa motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3t a rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00f3 jutalomt\u00f3l \u00e9s az adott feladat\u00e9rt felmer\u00fcl\u0151 k\u00f6lts\u00e9gekt\u0151l (er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9sek) f\u00fcgg\u0151en k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151k\u00e9ppen szab\u00e1lyozz\u00e1k. A munkaterhel\u00e9s-kompenz\u00e1ci\u00f3 viszont els\u0151sorban a D2R manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dott, mivel a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9snek megfelel\u0151en sk\u00e1l\u00e1zta a jutalmakat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00e9t dopaminreceptor-alt\u00edpus, amelyekr\u0151l meg\u00e1llap\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy egym\u00e1st kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 szerepet j\u00e1tszanak, seg\u00edthet meghat\u00e1rozni a pszichi\u00e1triai rendelleness\u00e9gek patofiziol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1t, ha figyelmet ford\u00edtanak k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1saikra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az olyan kutat\u00e1sok, mint az \u00f6v\u00e9k, sok ember motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3s szintj\u00e9nek n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9re adnak lehet\u0151s\u00e9get bels\u0151 jutalmaz\u00e1si rendszer\u00fck manipul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha t\u00f6bbet szeretne megtudni r\u00f3la, k\u00e9rj\u00fck, olvassa el az al\u00e1bbi hivatkoz\u00e1st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hori, Yukiko, et al. \"A D1- \u00e9s D2-szer\u0171 receptorok differenci\u00e1ltan k\u00f6zvet\u00edtik a dopaminerg transzmisszi\u00f3 hat\u00e1s\u00e1t a k\u00f6lts\u00e9g\/haszon \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s a motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3ra majmokban.\" bioRxiv (2021): 2020-11. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A jutalmaz\u00e1si rendszer Egy bels\u0151 motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3s strat\u00e9gia szab\u00e1lyozza, hogy mekkora er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9st tesz\u00fcnk egy c\u00e9l el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt. A k\u00e9rd\u00e9s az: mi motiv\u00e1l benn\u00fcnket arra, hogy a legnagyobb er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9st tegy\u00fck b\u00e1rmilyen c\u00e9l \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, b\u00e1rmilyen jelent\u00e9ktelennek t\u0171nik is az? Vajon az agyunk pr\u00f3b\u00e1l minket egy jutalomra cs\u00e1b\u00edtani, mint motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3s strat\u00e9gi\u00e1ra, amely [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":14787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nMotivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is it our brain trying to lure us into a reward as a motivation strategy that will propel us forward? 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