{"id":11793,"date":"2020-10-15T05:06:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T08:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11793"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"nobel-prize-2020-for-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/hu\/nobel-dij-2020-orvoslasra\/","title":{"rendered":"Orvosi Nobel-d\u00edj 2020 - A hepatitis C felfedez\u00e9se, diagn\u00f3zisa \u00e9s gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1sa"},"content":{"rendered":"

A 2020. okt\u00f3ber 5-\u00e9n Stockholmban megrendezett \u00e9v egyik glob\u00e1lis tudom\u00e1nyos cs\u00facsesem\u00e9ny\u00e9n a fiziol\u00f3giai vagy orvosi Nobel-d\u00edjat virol\u00f3gusok \u00e9s biok\u00e9mikusok egy csoportja kapta a hepatitis C v\u00edrus felfedez\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt. Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton \u00e9s Charles Rice k\u00f6z\u00f6sen kapj\u00e1k a Nobel-d\u00edjat a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 felfedez\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt \u00e9s a betegs\u00e9g gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet\u0151 \u00fat megtal\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt. A Karolinska Int\u00e9zetben tartott Nobel-k\u00f6zgy\u0171l\u00e9s tagjai nem tudt\u00e1k visszatartani magukat, amikor azt mondt\u00e1k, hogy ez a felfedez\u00e9s rem\u00e9nyt ad arra, hogy a v\u00e9rrel terjed\u0151 hepatitiszt ki lehet irtani a vil\u00e1gb\u00f3l.<\/span><\/p>\n

A 2020. okt\u00f3ber 5-\u00e9n Stockholmban megrendezett \u00e9v egyik glob\u00e1lis tudom\u00e1nyos cs\u00facsesem\u00e9ny\u00e9n a fiziol\u00f3giai vagy orvosi Nobel-d\u00edjat virol\u00f3gusok \u00e9s biok\u00e9mikusok egy csoportja kapta a hepatitis C v\u00edrus felfedez\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt. Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton \u00e9s Charles Rice k\u00f6z\u00f6sen kapj\u00e1k a Nobel-d\u00edjat a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 felfedez\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt \u00e9s a betegs\u00e9g gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet\u0151 \u00fat megtal\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt. A Karolinska Int\u00e9zetben tartott Nobel-k\u00f6zgy\u0171l\u00e9s tagjai nem tudt\u00e1k visszatartani magukat, amikor azt mondt\u00e1k, hogy ez a felfedez\u00e9s rem\u00e9nyt ad arra, hogy a v\u00e9rrel terjed\u0151 hepatitiszt ki lehet irtani a vil\u00e1gb\u00f3l.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mi a hepatitis?<\/b><\/h2>\n

A hepatitis sz\u00f3 a m\u00e1jra utal\u00f3 g\u00f6r\u00f6g \"Hepar\" sz\u00f3b\u00f3l ered. A hepatitis egy olyan betegs\u00e9g, amikor az egy\u00e9n m\u00e1ja begyullad ak\u00e1r m\u00e9rgez\u00e9s, ak\u00e1r v\u00edrusfert\u0151z\u00e9s miatt. A hepatitis betegs\u00e9get s\u00e1rgas\u00e1g, m\u00e1jzsugor, l\u00e1z \u00e9s a m\u00e1j megnagyobbod\u00e1sa jellemzi. A hepatitis\u00e9rt felel\u0151s k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00fcl a hepatitis A v\u00edrus szennyezett v\u00edzzel terjed, m\u00edg a B \u00e9s C v\u00edrus v\u00e9rrel \u00e9s testnedvekkel terjed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hogyan fedezt\u00e9k fel?<\/b><\/h2>\n

A hepatitis B felfedez\u00e9se ut\u00e1n Alter \u00e9s csapata sz\u00e1mos megmagyar\u00e1zhatatlan m\u00e1jfert\u0151z\u00e9st \u00e9s kr\u00f3nikus m\u00e1jgyullad\u00e1st figyelt meg v\u00e9r\u00e1t\u00f6mleszt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n. K\u00e9s\u0151bbi vizsg\u00e1lataikban k\u00e9t fontos t\u00e9nyt bizony\u00edtottak az egyik, hogy az ismeretlen k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 k\u00e9pes volt a betegs\u00e9get \u00e1tadni a csimp\u00e1nzokra, a m\u00e1sik pedig, hogy a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3nak v\u00edrusjelleg\u0171, de nem olyan volt, mint a Hepatitis A vagy B. Alter hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul\u00e1sa a virol\u00f3gia ter\u00fclet\u00e9hez f\u00e9nyk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lt a m\u00e1jfert\u0151z\u00e9sek s\u00f6t\u00e9t, viharos \u00e9jszak\u00e1j\u00e1ban. M\u00e9gis, a v\u00edrust nem azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k, nem jellemezt\u00e9k egyetlen v\u00edruscsal\u00e1ddal sem, \u00e9s nem sorolt\u00e1k be.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul\u00e1sok az azonos\u00edt\u00e1shoz \u00e9s a felsz\u00e1mol\u00e1s \u00fatj\u00e1hoz<\/b><\/h2>\n

A magas megbeteged\u00e9si \u00e9s hal\u00e1loz\u00e1si ar\u00e1nyok miatt a kutat\u00f3k az \u00e9vek sor\u00e1n igyekeztek azonos\u00edtani \u00e9s jellemezni az \"ismeretlen\" hepatitis-szer\u0171 v\u00edrus k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3j\u00e1t. Miut\u00e1n minden hagyom\u00e1nyos technik\u00e1t kipr\u00f3b\u00e1ltak \u00e9s kudarcot vallottak, a Chiron gy\u00f3gyszergy\u00e1rban Houghton innovat\u00edv megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel siker\u00fclt azonos\u00edtaniuk \u00e9s kl\u00f3nozniuk a v\u00edrusfeh\u00e9rje kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt felel\u0151s DNS-darabk\u00e1kat. A DNS-k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r alapos el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s a kl\u00f3n keres\u00e9se ut\u00e1n v\u00e9g\u00fcl Houghton \u00e9s csapata azonos\u00edtani tudta a Flaviviridae csal\u00e1dhoz val\u00f3 hasonl\u00f3s\u00e1got, \u00e9s elnevezt\u00e9k Hepatitis C v\u00edrusnak. Kutat\u00e1suk egy vizsg\u00e1lati elj\u00e1r\u00e1st is adott a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra az azonos\u00edtott antitestekkel.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

A v\u00e9gs\u0151 bizony\u00edt\u00e9k arra, hogy a hepatitis C lehet a m\u00e1jfert\u0151z\u00e9s egyetlen felel\u0151s k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3ja, a St. Louis-i Washingtoni Egyetemen v\u00e9gzett kiterjedt Rice-kutat\u00e1s eredm\u00e9nye volt. Rekombin\u00e1ns DNS-technol\u00f3gi\u00e1t alkalmazva Rice \u00e9s csapata l\u00e9trehozta a hepatitis C v\u00edrus olyan genomv\u00e1ltozat\u00e1t, amely nem tartalmazott inaktiv\u00e1l\u00f3 szekvenci\u00e1kat, \u00e9s beadta f\u0151eml\u0151s\u00f6knek. Az eredm\u00e9nyek azt mutatt\u00e1k, hogy a vari\u00e1nsok kr\u00f3nikus m\u00e1jbetegs\u00e9ghez vezethetnek, \u00e9s minden k\u00f3ros elv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st t\u00fckr\u00f6ztek. Az \u00f6sszes \u00fajonnan azonos\u00edtott szekvenci\u00e1val \u00e9s inaktiv\u00e1l\u00f3 r\u00e9gi\u00f3val rem\u00e9nyt adtak a megfelel\u0151 ter\u00e1pi\u00e1s szer l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra a Hepatitis C v\u00edrus ellen.<\/span><\/p>\n

A felfedez\u00e9s hat\u00e1sa<\/b><\/h2>\n

A vil\u00e1g a COVID-19 vil\u00e1gj\u00e1rv\u00e1ny miatt h\u00e1bor\u00fas front lett. A v\u00edrusellenes gy\u00f3gyszerek felfedez\u00e9s\u00e9vel, diagnosztik\u00e1j\u00e1val \u00e9s azonos\u00edt\u00e1si felfedez\u00e9seivel a hepatitis C \u00e9s a kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 eredm\u00e9nyek figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3 l\u00e9p\u00e9sek a virol\u00f3gia \u00e9s az orvostudom\u00e1ny ter\u00fclet\u00e9n. Az Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Vil\u00e1gszervezet c\u00e9lul t\u0171zte ki a hepatitis C v\u00edrus t\u00edz \u00e9ven bel\u00fcli felsz\u00e1mol\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ezek a felfedez\u00e9sek l\u00e9pcs\u0151fokok e c\u00e9l el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9hez. Vannak azonban m\u00e9g lek\u00fczdend\u0151 kih\u00edv\u00e1sok, \u00e9s a vakcina m\u00e9g v\u00e1rat mag\u00e1ra, de a rem\u00e9nysug\u00e1r meg\u00e9rkezett a betegs\u00e9g felismer\u00e9se \u00e9s a betegs\u00e9g elleni k\u00fczdelemre szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 kezel\u00e9si rendszerek form\u00e1j\u00e1ban.<\/span><\/p>\n

Az Mind the Graph csapata gratul\u00e1l a tud\u00f3sok, egyetemek \u00e9s csoportjaik tri\u00f3j\u00e1nak az el\u00e9rt eredm\u00e9nyhez! Az \u00e9vtizedes kutat\u00e1s \u00e9s kem\u00e9ny munka \u00faj utat adott az emberis\u00e9gnek egy hal\u00e1los v\u00edrusos betegs\u00e9g legy\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nNobel Prize in Medicine 2020 - Diagnosis and Cure of Hepatitis C<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The recent findings in Hepatitis C have been acclaimed for the Nobel Prize in 2020 in Chemistry. 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