{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/hu\/crispr-duo-nyeri-a-2020-as-kemiai-nobel-dijat\/","title":{"rendered":"A CRISPR DUO ellopja a show-t: K\u00e9miai Nobel-d\u00edj 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

A pontoss\u00e1g a tud\u00f3sok v\u00e9djegye. Emmanuelle Charpentier \u00e9s Jennifer Doudna nem hagyva k\u0151 k\u00f6v\u00f6n nem maradva felfedezt\u00e9k a g\u00e9ntechnol\u00f3gia forradalmi eszk\u00f6z\u00e9t, a CRISPR\/Cas9-et, a \"genetikai oll\u00f3t\". Az \u00e9letet megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151it, Emmanuelle Charpentier-t \u00e9s Jennifer Doudna-t 2020-ban k\u00e9miai Nobel-d\u00edjjal t\u00fcntett\u00e9k ki. A 2012-es tal\u00e1lm\u00e1nyuk sz\u00e1mtalan felfedez\u00e9shez vezetett olyan fontos ter\u00fcleteken, mint a r\u00e1kkutat\u00e1s, a n\u00f6v\u00e9nykutat\u00e1s \u00e9s az \u00f6r\u00f6kletes betegs\u00e9gek gy\u00f3gym\u00f3dj\u00e1nak megtal\u00e1l\u00e1sa. A CRISPR\/Cas9 eszk\u00f6zzel k\u00f6nnyebb\u00e9 v\u00e1lt a genetikai szekvenci\u00e1k pontos helyen t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 szerkeszt\u00e9se, kevesebb id\u0151 alatt. Felfedez\u00e9s\u00fck \u00e1talak\u00edtotta az \u00e9lettudom\u00e1nyok szeml\u00e9let\u00e9t. Ez egy ugr\u00f3deszka a genetika \u00faj korszak\u00e1hoz, amely az \u00e9l\u0151k jav\u00e1t fogja szolg\u00e1lni.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Mi a CRISPR\/Cas9 \u00e9s hogyan fedezt\u00e9k fel?<\/span><\/h2>\n

A CISPR\/CAS9 egy g\u00e9nszerkeszt\u0151 eszk\u00f6z, amely a DNS-szekvenci\u00e1t a k\u00edv\u00e1nt helyen v\u00e1gja le. A CRISPR a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, a Cas9 pedig egy enzim, amely seg\u00edt a szekvencia elv\u00e1g\u00e1s\u00e1ban. A CRISPR k\u00e9t f\u0151 jellemz\u0151je a nukleotid ism\u00e9tl\u0151d\u00e9sek \u00e9s a t\u00e1vtart\u00f3k. \u00c1ltal\u00e1ban a CRISPR-ben a nukleotidszekvenci\u00e1k sablonsz\u00e1lk\u00e9nt m\u0171k\u00f6dnek egy komplementer RNS \u00e1t\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, amelyet v\u00e9g\u00fcl CRISPR RNS-nek (cr RNS) neveztek el. Emmanuelle Charpentier \u00e9s Jennifer Doudna voltak az els\u0151k, akik r\u00e1j\u00f6ttek ezekre a t\u00e1vtart\u00f3kra \u00e9s ism\u00e9tl\u0151kre. Arra is r\u00e1j\u00f6ttek, hogy a DNS-szekvencia elv\u00e1g\u00e1s\u00e1t seg\u00edt\u0151 Cas9 enzim egy m\u00e1sik RNS-molekul\u00e1hoz k\u00f6t\u0151dik. A k\u00e9t molekula, a cr RNS \u00e9s a transzaktiv\u00e1l\u00f3 cr RNS seg\u00edtett a Cas9-nek a kett\u0151s sz\u00e1l\u00fa DNS c\u00e9lpontj\u00e1n\u00e1l t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 v\u00e1g\u00e1sban.<\/span><\/p>\n

A felfedez\u00e9st Emmanuelle Charpentier tette, mik\u00f6zben a streptococcus bakt\u00e9rium v\u00edrus elleni immunmechanizmus\u00e1t figyelte meg. Az \u00e9rdekelte legink\u00e1bb, hogy a bakt\u00e9riumban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 RNS-molekula nagyon hasonl\u00f3 genetikai k\u00f3ddal rendelkezik, mint a bakt\u00e9rium CRISPR-je. A k\u00e9t szekvencia elemz\u00e9se ut\u00e1n kider\u00fclt, hogy az RNS-molekula megegyezik a CRISPR ism\u00e9tl\u0151d\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9vel. Tov\u00e1bbi kutat\u00e1sai sor\u00e1n meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy ez a kis RNS-molekula a Cas9 jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9ben aktiv\u00e1lta az RNS-szekvenci\u00e1t. Az RNS-szekvencia a CRISPR-szekvencia eredm\u00e9nye volt. Ezt a molekul\u00e1t transzaktiv\u00e1l\u00f3 CRISPR RNS-nek nevezte el. Amikor egy bakt\u00e9riumot megfert\u0151z egy v\u00edrus, a bakt\u00e9rium a v\u00edrus DNS-\u00e9t a CRISPR-r\u00e9gi\u00f3ban mem\u00f3riak\u00e9nt hozz\u00e1adja a genomj\u00e1hoz. Ez seg\u00edti a bakt\u00e9riumot a tov\u00e1bbi \u00faj fert\u0151z\u00e9sekt\u0151l. Ezt a CRISPR DNS-t ezut\u00e1n lem\u00e1solj\u00e1k, hogy CRISPR RNS-t hozzanak l\u00e9tre, amelyet a v\u00edrus DNS-\u00e9nek hasad\u00e1s\u00e1val kell l\u00e9trehozni, amely seg\u00edtene az idegen v\u00edrus DNS felismer\u00e9s\u00e9ben.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u00e9s\u0151bb Jennifer Doudna elemezte, hogy ez a v\u00edrusos DNS azonos\u00edthat\u00f3-e a CRISPR RNS \u00e9s a Cas9 enzim molekula seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. T\u00f6bb k\u00eds\u00e9rlet ut\u00e1n m\u00e9g mindig nem tudt\u00e1k azonos\u00edtani, \u00e9s r\u00e1j\u00f6ttek, hogy valami hi\u00e1nyzik. Ez\u00e9rt a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 alkalommal, amikor elv\u00e9gezt\u00e9k a k\u00eds\u00e9rletet, az Emmanuelle \u00e1ltal felfedezett transzaktiv\u00e1l\u00f3 cr RNS molekul\u00e1t is hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k. Meglepet\u00e9s\u00fckre azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k a v\u00edrus DNS-\u00e9t, ami az elj\u00f6vend\u0151 \u00faj eonhoz vezetett.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma a CRISPR\/Cas9 \u00faj szeml\u00e9letet teremtett az \u00e9lethez. A tudom\u00e1ny k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 ter\u00fcletein alkalmazz\u00e1k. Ez az eszk\u00f6z az orvostudom\u00e1nyban evol\u00faci\u00f3s szerepet t\u00f6lt be. Ma a kutat\u00f3k az emberis\u00e9get legink\u00e1bb s\u00fajt\u00f3 \u00f6r\u00f6kletes rendelleness\u00e9gek megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9s\u00e9n dolgoznak. A m\u00e1sik ter\u00fclet, ahol ezt az eszk\u00f6zt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g, ahol a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket fert\u0151z\u00e9snek ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3v\u00e1 m\u00f3dos\u00edtj\u00e1k, a gy\u00f3gyszerfejleszt\u00e9s, a g\u00e9nter\u00e1pia \u00e9s m\u00e9g sok m\u00e1s ter\u00fcleten. Ennek az eszk\u00f6znek a szab\u00e1lyozott \u00e9s etikus haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val az emberis\u00e9g egy hat\u00e1rtalan vil\u00e1got \u00e9lhet \u00e1t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hivatkoz\u00e1s\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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