{"id":6300,"date":"2016-10-04T14:25:20","date_gmt":"2016-10-04T17:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=6300"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:10:46","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:10:46","slug":"autophagy-wins-nobel-prize-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/fr\/autophagy-wins-nobel-prize-medicine\/","title":{"rendered":"L'autophagie remporte le prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le processus d'autophagie est impliqu\u00e9 dans plusieurs pathologies telles que le cancer et les maladies neurologiques. Il fonctionne comme un programme de recyclage interne de l'organisme. Cependant, un dysfonctionnement de l'autophagie a \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la maladie de Parkinson, au diab\u00e8te, aux cancers et \u00e0 d'autres troubles li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s cette petite introduction sur l'importance du processus d'autophagie, il n'est pas surprenant que de nouvelles d\u00e9couvertes dans ce domaine puissent mener \u00e0 un prix Nobel. En effet, lundi dernier, la chercheuse Yoshino Ohsumi a remport\u00e9 le Prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine<\/a> pour avoir identifi\u00e9 les premiers g\u00e8nes essentiels \u00e0 l'autophagie.<\/p>\n

\"Je ne me sens pas \u00e0 l'aise en concurrence avec beaucoup de gens, et je trouve plut\u00f4t plus agr\u00e9able de faire quelque chose que personne d'autre ne fait. D'une certaine mani\u00e8re, c'est ce qu'est la science, et la joie de trouver quelque chose m'inspire.\" Yoshino Ohsumi <\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Comment Ohsumi a fait \u00e7a ?<\/h3>\n

Dans son laboratoire, Ohsumi a cr\u00e9\u00e9 des souches de levure qui accumulent les autophagosomes pendant la famine. Cette accumulation ne pouvait se produire que si les g\u00e8nes essentiels \u00e0 l'autophagie \u00e9taient inactifs. Ainsi, Ohsumi a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 manipuler les cellules \u00e0 plusieurs mutations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques et a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 induire l'autophagie.<\/p>\n

\"L'autophagie<\/a><\/p>\n

L'autophagie existe depuis longtemps<\/h3>\n

M\u00eame si l'autophagie est connue depuis 50 ans, ce n'est que dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, avec les \u00e9tudes d'Ohsumi, que l'importance de ce processus a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnue.
\nPour son travail, Ohsumi a d\u00e9j\u00e0 gagn\u00e9 quelques fans :<\/p>\n

\"L'autophagie<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\"Je suis tr\u00e8s heureux qu'il ait re\u00e7u le prix Nobel cette ann\u00e9e, c'est tr\u00e8s bien m\u00e9rit\u00e9. Son laboratoire travaille principalement sur la levure. Il a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 les premiers cribles qui ont permis de d\u00e9couvrir les g\u00e8nes cl\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9s dans l'autophagie. Tant d'autres laboratoires ont exploit\u00e9 ses d\u00e9couvertes, directement ou indirectement, pour comprendre pourquoi elles sont importantes dans les maladies.\"<\/p>\n

David Rubinsztein<\/a> - directeur adjoint de l'Institut de recherche m\u00e9dicale de Cambridge<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"L'autophagie<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\"Je pense qu'il est tr\u00e8s important que ce domaine scientifique soit reconnu. Le principe important ici est de rechercher des m\u00e9canismes communs dans la maladie. Il ouvre des voies pour le traitement de ces troubles qui sont diff\u00e9rentes des approches plus conventionnelles sp\u00e9cifiques aux maladies.\"<\/p>\n

Giovanna Mallucci<\/a> - professeur de neurosciences cliniques \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 de Cambridge.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"L'autophagie<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le processus d'autophagie est impliqu\u00e9 dans plusieurs pathologies telles que le cancer et les maladies neurologiques. Il fonctionne comme un programme de recyclage interne de l'organisme. Cependant, un dysfonctionnement de l'autophagie a \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la maladie de Parkinson, au diab\u00e8te, aux cancers et \u00e0 d'autres troubles li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge. Apr\u00e8s cette petite introduction sur l'importance du processus d'autophagie, il n'est pas surprenant que de nouvelles d\u00e9couvertes [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":6304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nAutophagy wins Nobel Prize in medicine - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\""I find it more enjoyable doing something nobody else is doing. 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