{"id":11803,"date":"2020-10-28T09:30:35","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T11:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11803"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:09:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:09:32","slug":"rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/fr\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/","title":{"rendered":"Le test RT-PCR pour le coronavirus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parmi toutes les choses que vous avez entendues sur le COVID-19 en 2020, il y a une chose au milieu de tout cela : le test utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9tecter si une personne est contamin\u00e9e par le virus, le fameux test RT-PCR ou seulement PCR.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous avez certainement d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu parler de ce test, par un professionnel de la sant\u00e9 ou dans les journaux. Le test PCR est utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9tecter la pr\u00e9sence (ou non) du virus dans le corps d'une personne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le test RT-PCR n'est pas le seul \u00e0 pouvoir d\u00e9tecter le virus, mais il est, par rapport aux autres m\u00e9thodes, le plus pr\u00e9cis et le plus fiable. Un autre test est le test s\u00e9rologique classique qui d\u00e9tecte des taux d'anticorps sp\u00e9cifiques dans des \u00e9chantillons de sang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les lettres dans RT-PCR, signifient <\/span><b>R\u00e9action en cha\u00eene par polym\u00e9rase \u00e0 transcription inverse<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il est utilis\u00e9 depuis des d\u00e9cennies par les scientifiques pour produire des copies multiples de mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En d'autres termes, dans le cas pr\u00e9sent, davantage de mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du SRAS-CoV-2, qui est utilis\u00e9 comme empreinte digitale pour attester la pr\u00e9sence du virus dans les \u00e9chantillons pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s dans le nez, les oreilles ou la salive des patients. S'il y a des virus cach\u00e9s dans l'\u00e9chantillon, m\u00eame en petites quantit\u00e9s, il sera capable de les d\u00e9tecter en raison de son cycle de copier-coller. C'est pourquoi le test RT-PCR est si fiable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Le test<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est une m\u00e9thode comportant essentiellement deux \u00e9tapes \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur d'un cycle de temp\u00e9rature, qui effectue un processus de copier-coller d'un morceau de mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, qu'il s'agisse d'ADN ou d'ARN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le test n\u00e9cessite un <\/span><b>machine \u00e0 thermocycler<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> qui a une pr\u00e9cision <\/span><b>contr\u00f4le de la temp\u00e9rature et du temps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 de multiples cycles de temp\u00e9rature, le mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique viral va augmenter. Un exemple de cycle de temp\u00e9rature est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ci-dessous.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/polymerase-chain-reaction-steps.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11804 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/polymerase-chain-reaction-steps.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"567\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/polymerase-chain-reaction-steps.png 567w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/polymerase-chain-reaction-steps-300x207.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La m\u00e9thode n\u00e9cessite deux enzymes principales, la transcriptase inverse (d'o\u00f9 le \"RT\" dans le titre) et l'ADN polym\u00e9rase. Chacune d'entre elles a une phase d'action et une fonction. Dans la figure ci-dessus, la phase jaune du cycle est celle o\u00f9 la RT agit, et la phase rouge celle o\u00f9 l'ADN-polym\u00e9rase fait son travail.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La premi\u00e8re enzyme fabrique le brin d'ADN compl\u00e9mentaire du virus \u00e0 ARN, ce qui permet \u00e0 la seconde enzyme d'effectuer le travail de copier-coller \u00e0 partir du nouveau brin d'ADN qui vient d'\u00eatre fabriqu\u00e9, augmentant ainsi la quantit\u00e9 de mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pr\u00e9sent. Cette amplification permet de caract\u00e9riser et\/ou de manipuler le mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, alors qu'il serait impossible de le faire en plus petite quantit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dna-polyemrase.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11806 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dna-polyemrase.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dna-polyemrase.png 375w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dna-polyemrase-300x123.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour que tout ce processus se produise, les enzymes ont besoin de l'aide d'une petite (ou grande) mol\u00e9cule appel\u00e9e PRIMER. La fonction de l'amorce est d'indiquer l'endroit o\u00f9 l'enzyme doit commencer \u00e0 \u00e9tendre les brins. Sans elle, le processus de copier-coller de l'ADN-polym\u00e9rase ne peut pas commencer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L'amorce peut \u00eatre choisie avec une forme al\u00e9atoire ou sp\u00e9cifique. Il est tr\u00e8s important de conna\u00eetre la carte g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du v\u00edrus dans des cas comme celui-ci, afin de pouvoir utiliser des amorces sp\u00e9cifiques pour augmenter l'efficacit\u00e9 et la fiabilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si vous \u00eates curieux comme nous et que vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur la RT-PCR, vous pouvez consulter les informations suivantes\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14667534\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cet article scientifique <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ici m\u00eame<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 mais en gros, voici tout ce qui est n\u00e9cessaire pour faire le test :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Le mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique viral, l'ARN<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/viral-genetic-material-the-rna.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11808 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/viral-genetic-material-the-rna.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"370\" height=\"157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/viral-genetic-material-the-rna.png 370w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/viral-genetic-material-the-rna-300x127.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Transcriptase inverse et enzymes ADN-polym\u00e9rase<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/reverse-transcriptase-and-dna-polymerase-enzymes.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11809 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/reverse-transcriptase-and-dna-polymerase-enzymes.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"143\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>PRIMAIRES<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/primers.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11810 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/primers.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"177\" height=\"94\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Nucl\u00e9osides triphosphates<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nucleoside-triphosphates.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11811\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nucleoside-triphosphates.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"188\" height=\"70\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>et des colorants fluorescents :\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour conna\u00eetre les r\u00e9sultats d'un \u00e9chantillon qui peut ou non \u00eatre contamin\u00e9 par le virus COVID-19, le test des colorants rapporteurs fluorescents est utilis\u00e9 en combinaison avec le test RT-PCR. Le test est bas\u00e9 sur la pr\u00e9sence ou non d'un signal fluorescent de l'\u00e9chantillon. En l'absence de signal, le test peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme n\u00e9gatif ou faux-n\u00e9gatif. En pr\u00e9sence d'un signal intense, on peut conclure non seulement \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de v\u00edrus mais aussi \u00e0 un stade avanc\u00e9 de la maladie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>M\u00e9langez tous les ingr\u00e9dients et mettez-les dans la machine \u00e0 thermocycle.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape du test est illustr\u00e9e dans l'infographie suivante. L'enzyme RT fait la premi\u00e8re copie du mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du virus pr\u00e9sent dans l'\u00e9chantillon. Vous voyez ensuite la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9tape de la m\u00e9thode RT-PCR. L'amorce indique la position de d\u00e9part et l'ADN-polym\u00e9rase, par r\u00e9action enzymatique, commence \u00e0 \u00e9tendre les brins d'ADN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11812 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\" alt=\"Le test RT-PCR pour le coronavirus\" width=\"512\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png 512w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine-300x88.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/01-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11813 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/01-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"472\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/01-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png 472w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/01-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine-300x244.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11814 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"466\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine.png 466w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-mix-all-the-ingredients-and-put-it-in-the-thermocycle-machine-300x234.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enfin, cette photo est une image de micrographie \u00e9lectronique du virus SRAS-CoV-2, et il est possible de voir parfaitement la structure du virus. N'est-ce pas magnifique ?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le test est complexe et n'est pas aussi simple qu'il n'y para\u00eet, mais je parie qu'avec les infographies, il \u00e9tait beaucoup plus facile de comprendre la vue d'ensemble de son fonctionnement, non ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous pouvez le faire avec toutes les informations scientifiques que vous voulez en utilisant\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mind the Graph<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. La plateforme est l\u00e0 pour vous donner de l'autonomie afin de mieux communiquer les informations scientifiques. Pour en savoir plus sur l'utilisation de la plateforme et si vous avez besoin d'aide, contactez-nous.<\/span><b>!<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>R\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI, T. et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China : A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology, v. 296, n. 2, p. E32-E40, 26 fev. 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GIBELLINI, D. et al. D\u00e9tection quantitative de la charge virale du virus de l'immunod\u00e9ficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) par la technique de RT-PCR en temps r\u00e9el SYBR green chez les patients s\u00e9ropositifs pour le VIH-1. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 115, n. 2, p. 183-189, 1 fev. 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JAMES, D. Un protocole simple et fiable pour la d\u00e9tection de l'apple stem grooving virus par RT-PCR et dans un test PCR multiplex. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 83, n. 1, p. 1-9, 1 dez. 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LI, Y. et al. Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19. Journal of Medical Virology, v. 92, n. 7, p. 903-908, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LIAO, C.-S. et al. Miniature RT-PCR system for diagnosis of RNA-based viruses. Nucleic Acids Research, v. 33, n. 18, p. e156-e156, 1 out. 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MOHAN, A. et al. Pr\u00e9valence de l'infection virale d\u00e9tect\u00e9e par PCR et RT-PCR chez les patients souffrant d'exacerbation aigu\u00eb de la BPCO : une \u00e9tude syst\u00e9matique. Respirology, v. 15, n. 3, p. 536-542, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NOLAN, T. ; HANDS, R. E. ; BUSTIN, S. A. Quantification of mRNA using real-time RT-PCR. Nature Protocols, v. 1, n. 3, p. 1559-1582, ago. 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nouveau coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 | Cette image de transmission \u00e9lectronique... | Flickr. Dispon\u00edvel em : . Acc\u00e8s : 23 juillet 2020. <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[388,799,554,798,250],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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