{"id":11032,"date":"2020-03-27T09:31:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-27T12:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=11032"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:35:24","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:35:24","slug":"coronavirus-natural-hosts-bats-likely-brought-covid-19-to-humankind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/fr\/coronavirus-hotes-naturels-chauves-souris-susceptibles-dapporter-covid-19-a-lhumanite\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00f4tes naturels des coronavirus : les chauves-souris ont probablement apport\u00e9 le Covid-19 \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C'est un sujet courant en infectiologie : les maladies sont souvent transmises \u00e0 l'homme en raison de l'interaction avec des animaux sauvages. Qui est le suspect cette fois-ci ? Un animal plut\u00f4t habituel... un indice : c'est un mammif\u00e8re, et il vole.<\/p>\n<p>Les coronavirus ont des h\u00f4tes naturels dans la nature, et g\u00e9n\u00e8rent \u00e9galement des maladies chez les animaux. Les h\u00f4tes naturels des coronavirus sont tous des mammif\u00e8res, donc, en th\u00e9orie, tous les mammif\u00e8res partagent des r\u00e9cepteurs similaires pour le virus et peuvent \u00eatre des h\u00f4tes naturels.<\/p>\n<p>Mais l'infographie ci-dessous rappelle ce que l'on sait d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur les h\u00f4tes naturels des coronavirus. \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/covid-19-transmission-where-does-the-coronavirus-hide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pour des informations concernant la transmission \"urbaine\", consultez ce post<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-11037\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-natural-hosts-704x1024.png\" alt=\"H\u00f4tes naturels des coronavirus\" width=\"704\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-natural-hosts-704x1024.png 704w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-natural-hosts-206x300.png 206w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-natural-hosts-768x1117.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-natural-hosts-1056x1536.png 1056w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-natural-hosts-1408x2048.png 1408w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-natural-hosts.png 1493w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les maladies animales caus\u00e9es par le coronavirus sur ses h\u00f4tes naturels sont graves et, d'une mani\u00e8re ou d'une autre, normalement li\u00e9es \u00e0 la fonction respiratoire. Des oiseaux, des chevaux, des souris, des chiens et m\u00eame des baleines sont signal\u00e9s comme h\u00f4tes naturels des coronavirus. Il y a vraiment un zoo d'h\u00f4tes animaux signal\u00e9s pour cette classe de virus.<\/p>\n<p>Les coronavirus repr\u00e9sentent une \"grave menace pour la sant\u00e9 mondiale\", \u00e9crivent des chercheurs de l'universit\u00e9 de Wuhan et de l'universit\u00e9 Sun Yat-sen dans le Journal of Medical Virology. Ces virus ne sont pas nouveaux et n'infectent pas que les humains.<\/p>\n<p>Selon la litt\u00e9rature v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire illustr\u00e9e dans l'infographie ci-dessus, les coronavirus sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9galement \u00e0 l'origine d'autres maladies :<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h3>H\u00f4tes naturels des coronavirus et sympt\u00f4mes qu'ils produisent<\/h3>\n<p>Oiseaux : Infection des voies respiratoires<br \/>Vaches : Diarrh\u00e9e<br \/>Les chats : Fi\u00e8vre et vascularite<br \/>Chiens : Diarrh\u00e9e<br \/>Chevaux : Fi\u00e8vre et anorexie<br \/>Souris : l\u00e9sions pulmonaires graves<br \/>Porcs : Diarrh\u00e9e<br \/>Baleines : Maladies pulmonaires et h\u00e9patiques<br \/><em>(par ordre alphab\u00e9tique)<\/em><br \/><br \/><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>La liste est vaste et comprend les animaux sauvages, mais aussi les animaux d'\u00e9levage et m\u00eame les animaux de compagnie en tant qu'h\u00f4tes naturels des coronavirus.<\/p>\n<p>Oh attends, des animaux de compagnie ? Alors, dois-je mettre en quarantaine mon chien\/chat ador\u00e9 ? Attendez... il existe d'autres types de coronavirus, nous ne parlons pas sp\u00e9cifiquement du coronavirus Covid-19 dans ce cas. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Autres types de coronavirus<\/span> affectent les animaux list\u00e9s ci-dessus. Ils ne sont pas n\u00e9cessairement les h\u00f4tes du Covid-19. Et, le sujet est encore controvers\u00e9, mais vous... <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2020\/03\/quarantine-cat-disinfect-dog-latest-advice-about-coronavirus-and-your-pets\">il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de traiter votre animal comme un foyer d'infection \u00e0 coronavirus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>En ce qui concerne l'actuel coronavirus Covid-19, responsable de l'\u00e9pid\u00e9mie mondiale de maladies respiratoires, certains chercheurs pensent qu'il pourrait avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit dans l'humanit\u00e9 par les chauves-souris. <\/p>\n<p>Certaines esp\u00e8ces propagent les coronavirus sans tomber malades, comme les chameaux porteurs du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-Cov), \u00e9galement caus\u00e9 par un virus de la classe des coronavirus. Le MERS-CoV se retrouve aussi \u00e9ventuellement chez les moutons, les ch\u00e8vres et les \u00e2nes.<\/p>\n<p>Pour les Covid-19, il s'agissait de chauves-souris. Certains disent que les habitants de la r\u00e9gion de Wuhan se nourrissent d'animaux sauvages. Je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e, mais si c'est le cas, ce contact intime avec les chauves-souris pourrait potentiellement transmettre le virus \u00e0 l'\"h\u00f4te\" humain.<\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9ponse immunitaire des chauves-souris leur permet d'h\u00e9berger des coronavirus sans tomber malades, ce qui en fait un dangereux r\u00e9servoir d'infection. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est typique de cette esp\u00e8ce, qui est normalement porteuse d'un grand nombre de micro-organismes diff\u00e9rents. Les chauves-souris sont les h\u00f4tes naturels de plusieurs maladies humaines potentielles,<\/p>\n<p>Il faut noter qu'il y a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-00548-w\">des preuves fiables que le pangolin est aussi un autre h\u00f4te naturel du coronavirus<\/a>. Un article \u00e0 para\u00eetre prochainement associe une partie importante du coronavirus associ\u00e9 aux pangolins \u00e0 la souche virale Covid-19. Il se peut qu'ils aient \u00e9t\u00e9 la source originale \u00e0 partir de laquelle les mutations naturelles se sont produites.<\/p>\n<p>Les march\u00e9s d'animaux de Wuhan sont c\u00e9l\u00e8bres pour la vente de pangolins et d'\u00e9cailles de pangolins. Donc... il y a potentiellement un lien. La liste des suspects augmente au fur et \u00e0 mesure que l'enqu\u00eate avance. Donc, mettons-la \u00e0 jour en cons\u00e9quence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-11039\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-207.png\" alt=\"Le pangolin est \u00e9galement un h\u00f4te naturel potentiel du coronavirus Covid-19.\" width=\"655\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-207.png 854w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-207-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-207-768x553.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11035,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[419,66,958],"tags":[388,389,428,51,53,425,426,90,554,250,427,430,429],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Coronavirus natural hosts @ Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Diseases are often brought to humans due to the interaction with wild animals. Who is the suspect this time? A usual one: it&#039;s a mammal, and it flies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/fr\/coronavirus-hotes-naturels-chauves-souris-susceptibles-dapporter-covid-19-a-lhumanite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Coronavirus natural hosts @ Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Diseases are often brought to humans due to the interaction with wild animals. Who is the suspect this time? 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