{"id":8540,"date":"2019-03-26T14:24:36","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T17:24:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8540"},"modified":"2022-10-18T16:28:05","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T19:28:05","slug":"urinary-system-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/fi\/virtsajarjestelman-sairaudet\/","title":{"rendered":"Virtsaelinten sairaudet: Infografiikka ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4\u00e4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Virtsaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 toimii yhdess\u00e4 keuhkojen, ihon ja suoliston kanssa yll\u00e4pit\u00e4\u00e4kseen kemikaalien ja veden tasapainoa kehossa. Aikuiset eritt\u00e4v\u00e4t noin 27-68 nesteunssia (800-2 000 millilitraa) p\u00e4iv\u00e4ss\u00e4. N\u00e4m\u00e4 tiedot perustuvat tyypilliseen p\u00e4ivitt\u00e4iseen 68 unssin (2 litran) nesteen saantiin, National Institutes of Health (NIH). T\u00e4m\u00e4n lis\u00e4ksi virtsaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n toimintaan vaikuttavat my\u00f6s hikoilun ja hengityksen kautta menetetty neste. Lis\u00e4ksi tietyntyyppiset l\u00e4\u00e4kkeet, kuten diureetit, joita k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n joskus korkean verenpaineen hoitoon, voivat my\u00f6s vaikuttaa henkil\u00f6n tuottaman ja poistaman virtsan m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n. Jotkin juomat, kuten kahvi ja alkoholi, voivat my\u00f6s aiheuttaa joillakin ihmisill\u00e4 lis\u00e4\u00e4ntynytt\u00e4 virtsaamista. Kun virtsaelimess\u00e4 esiintyy toimintah\u00e4iri\u00f6it\u00e4, siit\u00e4 voi kehitty\u00e4 virtsateiden sairauksia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Virtsaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 koostuu kaikista virtsan muodostamiseen ja vapauttamiseen osallistuvista elimist\u00e4. N\u00e4m\u00e4 elimet ovat munuaiset, virtsaputket, virtsarakko ja virtsaputki. Keskityn t\u00e4ss\u00e4 viestiss\u00e4 kuitenkin munuaisiin, koska ne ovat vastuussa virtsan tuotannosta. Siksi ennen kuin puhutaan virtsataudeista, tarkastellaan terveiden munuaisten rakennetta:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"896\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-1024x896.png\" alt=\"preview_69786\" class=\"wp-image-8561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-1024x896.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-300x263.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-768x672.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Munuaiset ovat kaksi pavunmuotoista elint\u00e4, joita esiintyy selk\u00e4rankaisilla. Nefroni on munuaisten rakenteellinen ja toiminnallinen yksikk\u00f6. Kussakin ihmisen aikuisen munuaisessa on noin 1 miljoona nefronia. Munuaiset osallistuvat kehon eri nesteosastojen tilavuuden, nesteiden osmolaliteetin, happo-em\u00e4stasapainon, eri elektrolyyttipitoisuuksien ja toksiinien poiston s\u00e4\u00e4telyyn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-1 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\">Luo tehokkaita tieteellisi\u00e4 lukuja minuuteissa<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Virtsaelinten sairaudet&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Megaureters<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Megaureter (\"suuri virtsanjohdin\") tarkoittaa, ett\u00e4 virtsanjohdin on normaalia leve\u00e4mpi. T\u00e4m\u00e4 voi johtua itse virtsajohtimen poikkeavuudesta (primaarinen) tai virtsarakon tukkeutumisesta (sekundaarinen). Seuraavassa kuvataan erityyppiset megaureterit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Primaarinen tukkeutunut Megaureter<\/strong><br> T\u00e4m\u00e4 tyyppi on kyseess\u00e4 silloin, kun virtsajohdin on liian ohut kohdassa, jossa se tulee virtsarakkoon. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tukos aiheuttaa sen, ett\u00e4 virtsajohdin laajenee ylemp\u00e4n\u00e4. Ahtauma voi ajan mittaan vaurioittaa munuaista. Ongelma voidaan korjata leikkauksella. On t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 seurata terveydenhuollon ammattilaisen kanssa, vaikka oireet paranisivat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Toissijaiset Megaureters<\/strong><br>\nN\u00e4m\u00e4 ovat megavirtsanerityksi\u00e4, jotka ilmenev\u00e4t muiden terveysongelmien seurauksena. Joitakin n\u00e4ist\u00e4 terveysongelmista, jotka aiheuttavat megauretersia, ovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>posterioriset virtsaputken venttiilit (tukos miehen virtsaputkessa).<\/li><li>luumuvatsasyndrooma<\/li><li>neurogeeninen virtsarakko (selk\u00e4rankahalkio, selk\u00e4ydinvamma jne.).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-1024x768.png\" alt=\"preview_69789\" class=\"wp-image-8562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-2 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\">Oletko valmis aloittamaan Mind the Graph:ss\u00e4?<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Munuaissairaudet<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Useimmissa tapauksissa muut terveysongelmat voivat aiheuttaa munuaisten vajaatoiminnan, koska ne vahingoittavat munuaisia pysyv\u00e4sti v\u00e4hitellen ajan my\u00f6t\u00e4. Kun munuaiset ovat vaurioituneet, ne eiv\u00e4t v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 toimi niin hyvin kuin niiden pit\u00e4isi. Jos vaurio pahenee edelleen, potilaalle voi kehitty\u00e4 krooninen munuaissairaus. Krooninen munuaissairaus vaurioittaa nefroneita hitaasti useiden vuosien aikana. Lis\u00e4ksi munuaisten vajaatoiminta on kroonisen munuaissairauden viimeinen (vakavin) vaihe. T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi munuaisten vajaatoimintaa kutsutaan my\u00f6s loppuvaiheen munuaistaudiksi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Useimmat virtsaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n sairaudet vaikuttavat nefroniin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 vaurio voi johtaa siihen, ett\u00e4 munuaiset eiv\u00e4t pysty poistamaan j\u00e4tteit\u00e4. Syit\u00e4 voivat olla geneettiset ongelmat, vammat tai l\u00e4\u00e4kkeet. Sinulla on suurempi riski sairastua munuaissairauteen, jos sinulla on diabetes, korkea verenpaine tai l\u00e4heisell\u00e4 perheenj\u00e4senell\u00e4si on munuaissairaus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-1024x768.png\" alt=\"preview_69819\" class=\"wp-image-8564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-3 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\">Hanki n\u00e4kyvyytt\u00e4 Mind The Graphin avulla<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Miten tieteellist\u00e4 tietoa esitet\u00e4\u00e4n kauniilla graafisilla tiivistelmill\u00e4?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Olen luonut kaikki n\u00e4m\u00e4 luvut k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 mind the graphia. Jos haluat parantaa tiedeviestint\u00e4\u00e4si, voit k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 mind the graphia my\u00f6s graafisten tiivistelmien luomiseen. Lis\u00e4ksi voit luoda esityksi\u00e4 ja tieteellisi\u00e4 julisteita Mind the graphilla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Virtsaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 toimii yhdess\u00e4 keuhkojen, ihon ja suoliston kanssa yll\u00e4pit\u00e4\u00e4kseen kemikaalien ja veden tasapainoa kehossa. Aikuiset eritt\u00e4v\u00e4t noin 27-68 nesteunssia (800-2 000 millilitraa) p\u00e4iv\u00e4ss\u00e4. N\u00e4m\u00e4 tiedot perustuvat tyypilliseen p\u00e4ivitt\u00e4iseen 68 unssin (2 litran) nesteen saantiin, National Institutes of Health (NIH). Lis\u00e4ksi [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[193,66,958],"tags":[96,51,777],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Urinary system diseases: Infographics to understand - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The urinary system maintain the balance of chemicals and water in the body. 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