{"id":5346,"date":"2016-03-03T13:41:11","date_gmt":"2016-03-03T16:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=5346"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:29:24","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:29:24","slug":"zika-virus-graphical-abstract","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/fi\/zika-virus-graphical-abstract\/","title":{"rendered":"Zikavirus graafinen tiivistelm\u00e4 mikrokefaliasta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ymm\u00e4rr\u00e4 Zika-viruksen graafinen tiivistelm\u00e4: Miten se pienent\u00e4\u00e4 aivojen kokoa?<\/h3>\n

T\u00e4n\u00e4\u00e4n julkaistussa tutkimuksessa lis\u00e4ttiin mielenkiintoisia todisteita siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 zikavirus vaikuttaa hermokudosten ep\u00e4muodostumiin. Ai niin, ennen kuin kysytte, ihmisen hermokudos.<\/p>\n

T\u00e4m\u00e4n teki tyylikk\u00e4\u00e4sti tohtori Stevens Rehenin ryhm\u00e4, joka on kansainv\u00e4lisesti tunnettu tutkija kantasolututkimuksen ja viime aikoina my\u00f6s solujen uudelleenohjelmoinnin alalla.<\/p>\n

Alla olevassa kuvassa esitet\u00e4\u00e4n yhteenveto seuraavista havainnoista paperi<\/a>, mutta yrit\u00e4n selitt\u00e4\u00e4 sen lyhyesti.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"blogi<\/p>\n

T\u00e4m\u00e4 oivaltava Zika-virus graafinen tiivistelm\u00e4 tehtiin Mind the graph. Eik\u00f6 olekin siisti\u00e4?<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kuten yll\u00e4 olevasta kuvasta n\u00e4kyy, t\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa k\u00e4ytettiin kolmea eri l\u00e4hestymistapaa. Kaikki niist\u00e4 vahvistavat, ett\u00e4 Zika-viruksella on suora vaikutus siihen, miten aivosolut kehittyv\u00e4t muodostamaan oikean hermosolukudoksen eli \"aivojen ep\u00e4muodostuman\".\"zikavirus<\/a>Mikrokefalia on vain yksi aivojen ep\u00e4muodostuma. Asiakirjassa ehdotetaan jotakin viel\u00e4kin perustavanlaatuisempaa.<\/p>\n

Ne osoittavat, miten Zika-virus:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Edist\u00e4\u00e4 solukuolemaa<\/li>\n
  2. Aiheuttaa morfologisia muutoksia (neurosf\u00e4\u00e4reiss\u00e4).<\/li>\n
  3. V\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 aivojen organoidien (miniaivojen) kasvua\/kokoa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    N\u00e4m\u00e4 kaikki ovat tapoja, joilla Zika-virus vaikuttaa neurogeneesiin ihmisen aivojen kehityksen aikana ja aiheuttaa alla n\u00e4kyv\u00e4n fenotyypin.<\/p>\n

    \"zikavirus<\/a><\/p>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    Miksei sit\u00e4 tehty aiemmin?<\/h3>\n

    Uraauurtava l\u00e4hestymistapa oli indusoidun pluripotenssin kantasolujen (iPS-solujen) k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 virustartunnan tutkimiseksi ihmissoluissa.<\/p>\n

    T\u00e4m\u00e4n prosessin avulla ihmisest\u00e4 ker\u00e4tty somaattinen solu ohjelmoidaan uudelleen kohti alkuper\u00e4ist\u00e4 pluripotenttia solutilaa, jonka j\u00e4lkeen se voidaan erilaistaa erilaisiksi soluiksi, kudoksiksi ja viime aikoina my\u00f6s elimiksi. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on \"ihmisen kudostekniikan\" alku.<\/p>\n

    Tutkimuksessa kirjoittajat eiv\u00e4t ainoastaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4neet iPS-soluja, vaan tuottivat my\u00f6s iPS-soluja. aivojen organoidit<\/a>, joita kutsutaan my\u00f6s \"miniaivoiksi\", jotta voitaisiin ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4\u00e4, miten zikaviruksen l\u00e4sn\u00e4olo vaikuttaa t\u00e4m\u00e4n hermosolukudoksen muodostumiseen.<\/p>\n

    T\u00e4llaisia soluviljelmi\u00e4 pidet\u00e4\u00e4n kolmiulotteisina (3D) rakenteina, ja ne antavat lis\u00e4\u00e4 vihjeit\u00e4 elimen arkkitehtuurista. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on organoidin vuosi mukaan. Ekonomisti<\/a>. T\u00e4m\u00e4n innovatiivisen l\u00e4hestymistavan avulla tutkijat pystyiv\u00e4t ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n, miten zikavirus kohdistuu ihmisen aivosoluihin, mik\u00e4 v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 niiden elinkelpoisuutta ja kasvua neurosf\u00e4\u00e4rein\u00e4 ja aivo-organoideina.<\/p>\n

    The paperi<\/a> on esipainettuna innovatiivisessa PeerJ-lehdess\u00e4. Voit jopa kommentoida ja auttaa kirjoittajia parantamaan sit\u00e4 prosessin aikana. N\u00e4et tiivistelm\u00e4n alla ja p\u00e4\u00e4set koko julkaisuun napsauttamalla painiketta t\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \"zikavirus<\/a><\/p>\n

    Huomautus: Kaksi kuukautta sen j\u00e4lkeen, kun maaliskuussa 2016 PeerJ:ss\u00e4 julkaistu esipainos oli julkaistu, lopullinen paperi julkaistiin, ja yll\u00e4tykseksemme se oli julkaistu Science <\/a>Magazine, joka on yksi maailman arvostetuimmista tieteellisist\u00e4 lehdist\u00e4.<\/p>\n

    -> Lue koko artikkeli Garcezin et al. julkaisusta Science <-<\/a><\/p>\n

    \"zikavirus<\/a><\/p>\n

    Anna useampien ihmisten tiet\u00e4\u00e4 siit\u00e4 jakamalla t\u00e4m\u00e4 viesti. Kyse on maailmanlaajuisesta kansanterveydest\u00e4, kuten jo totesi Maailman terveysj\u00e4rjest\u00f6<\/a>\u00a0(WHO).<\/p>\n

    \n

     <\/p>\n

    Tied\u00e4 mit\u00e4 WHO neuvoo Zika-viruksesta<\/a>\u00a0tartunta ja infektio:<\/p>\n

    \n

    Voimansiirto<\/h3>\n

    Zika-virus tarttuu ihmisiin p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa seuraavien puremien v\u00e4lityksell\u00e4 Aedes<\/i> hyttyset, jotka el\u00e4v\u00e4t usein kaupunkialueiden rakennusten ymp\u00e4rill\u00e4 ja ovat yleens\u00e4 aktiivisia p\u00e4iv\u00e4saikaan (puremisen huippu tapahtuu aikaisin aamulla ja my\u00f6h\u00e4\u00e4n iltap\u00e4iv\u00e4ll\u00e4).<\/p>\n

    Joidenkin todisteiden mukaan zikavirus voi tarttua ihmisiin my\u00f6s verensiirron, perinataalisen siirtymisen ja seksuaalisen siirtymisen kautta. N\u00e4m\u00e4 tavat ovat kuitenkin hyvin harvinaisia.<\/p>\n

    It\u00e4misaika on tyypillisesti 2-7 p\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4.<\/p>\n

    Merkit ja oireet<\/h3>\n

    Zikavirusinfektiolle on ominaista matala-asteinen kuume (alle 38,5 \u00b0C), johon liittyy usein makulopapulaarinen ihottuma. Muita yleisi\u00e4 oireita ovat lihaskipu, nivelkipu ja mahdollinen turvotus (erityisesti k\u00e4sien ja jalkojen pieniss\u00e4 niveliss\u00e4), p\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4rky, kipu silmien takana ja sidekalvotulehdus. Koska oireet ovat usein lievi\u00e4, infektio voi j\u00e4\u00e4d\u00e4 tunnistamatta tai se voidaan diagnosoida v\u00e4\u00e4rin dengueksi.<\/p>\n

    Zikaviruksen odotetaan aiheuttavan suuren m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n oireettomia tartuntoja, samoin kuin muiden flavivirusten, kuten dengueviruksen ja L\u00e4nsi-Niilin viruksen. Useimmat ihmiset toipuvat t\u00e4ysin ilman vakavia komplikaatioita, ja sairaalahoitoa tarvitaan vain v\u00e4h\u00e4n. T\u00e4h\u00e4n menness\u00e4 ei ole raportoitu yht\u00e4\u00e4n zikavirukseen liittyv\u00e4\u00e4 kuolemantapausta.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

     <\/p>\n

    P\u00e4ivitetty 3. toukokuuta 2016.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ymm\u00e4rr\u00e4 zikavirus graafinen tiivistelm\u00e4: Miten se pienent\u00e4\u00e4 aivojen kokoa T\u00e4n\u00e4\u00e4n julkaistussa tutkimuksessa lis\u00e4ttiin mielenkiintoisia todisteita zikaviruksen roolista hermokudosten ep\u00e4muodostumissa. Ai niin, ennen kuin kysyt, ihmisen hermokudos. T\u00e4m\u00e4n teki tyylikk\u00e4\u00e4sti tohtori Stevens Rehenin ryhm\u00e4, joka on kansainv\u00e4lisesti tunnettu tutkija [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[956],"tags":[96,201,200,203,202,205,554,71,250,204,199],"yoast_head":"\nZika virus graphical abstract on microcephaly - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This insightful Zika virus graphical abstract was done with Mind the graph. 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