{"id":8936,"date":"2019-05-22T17:56:36","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T20:56:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8936"},"modified":"2022-10-18T11:41:07","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T14:41:07","slug":"ocean-acidification-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/ookeanide-hapestumise-tagajarjed\/","title":{"rendered":"Ookeanide hapestumise tagaj\u00e4rjed mereelustikule"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00fcsinikdioksiid on atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ris levinud gaas. Tavaliselt s\u00e4ilitab Maa s\u00fcsinikuringlus \"planeedi hingamise\" kaudu s\u00fcsiniku loomulikku tasakaalu atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ris, maismaal ja ookeanis. Inimtegevus, nagu fossiilk\u00fctuste emissioon, rikub aga s\u00fcsinikuringe tasakaalu, p\u00f5hjustades kliimamuutusi, suurendades kasvuhooneefekti ja ookeanide hapestumist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seega, et m\u00f5ista ookeanide hapestumise tagaj\u00e4rgi, tuleb k\u00f5igepealt korrata s\u00fcsiniku ringlust. Kirjutasin sellest siin1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kasvuhooneefekt v\u00f5imaldab elu Maal, p\u00fc\u00fcdes soojust atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri, soojendades planeeti. Ma n\u00e4itasin, kuidas see toimib siin1<\/sup>. Kuid hoolimata selle t\u00e4htsusest on s\u00fcsihappegaasi suurenemine muutnud selle probleemiks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuid mitte kogu liigne s\u00fcsinikdioksiid ei j\u00e4\u00e4 atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri. Teadlaste hinnangul absorbeerivad ookeanid \u00fche kolmandiku kogu inimtegevuse tagaj\u00e4rjel tekkinud s\u00fcsinikdioksiidist. See, et ookeanid eemaldavad atmosf\u00e4\u00e4rist s\u00fcsihappegaasi, aitab kliimamuutuse ulatust edasi l\u00fckata. Selle kasu eest tuleb aga maksta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Alusta kohe tasuta Mind The Graphi kasutamist!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcsinikdioksiid ja ookeani keemia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kui CO2 on merevees lahustunud, reageerib ta veega (H2O), moodustades s\u00fcsinikhapet: H2CO3: CO2 + H2O \u2194 H2CO3. S\u00fcsivesinikhape lahustub kiiresti, moodustades H+ ioone (hape) ja bikarbonaati, HCO3- (alus). Merevesi on looduslikult k\u00fcllastunud teise alusega, karbonaatiooniga (CO3-2), mis toimib nagu antatsiid, neutraliseerides H+, moodustades rohkem bikarbonaati. Netoreaktsioon n\u00e4eb v\u00e4lja j\u00e4rgmiselt: CO2 + H2O + CO3-2\u2192 2HCO3-<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"ookeanide<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

S\u00fcsinikdioksiidi neeldumine muudab p\u00f5hjalikult ookeani keemiat, k\u00e4ivitades reaktsioone, mis muudavad merevee happelisemaks, mida nimetatakse ookeanide hapestumiseks. Tegelikult on ookean muutunud peaaegu 30% happelisemaks kui t\u00f6\u00f6stusajastu alguses. See on suurem ja kiirem muutus, kui on n\u00e4ha fossiilsetes andmetes, mis ulatuvad v\u00e4hemalt 800 000 aastat tagasi, enne selgroogsete ja taimede ilmumist fossiilsetes andmetes.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"ookeanide<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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Loo efektiivseid teadusfiguurid minutitega<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kuidas m\u00f5jutab ookeanide hapestumine mereelu, n\u00e4iteks kalu, koralle ja karploomi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kui vesinikuioonide kontsentratsioon suureneb, muutub vesi happelisemaks. Lisaks sellele v\u00e4heneb karbonaatioonide hulk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f5ned t\u00e4iendavad vesinikioonid reageerivad karbonaatioonidega, moodustades rohkem bikarbonaati. Kui karbonaatide hulk v\u00e4heneb, on neil organismidel, n\u00e4iteks korallidel ja karbonaadidel, raskem ehitada ja s\u00e4ilitada oma kestad ja skeletid. Suurenenud happesus v\u00f5ib isegi p\u00f5hjustada m\u00f5nede karbonaatkoorte ja -skelettide lahustumist. Vesinikioonid reageerivad tahke kaltsiumkarbonaadiga ja muudavad selle lahustuvaks bikarbonaadiks ja kaltsiumioonideks.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Planktoni moodustavate pisikeste taimede ja loomade seas elab pisike meritigu, mida nimetatakse pteropoodideks. Vaatamata oma v\u00e4iksusele on pteropoodid oluline toiduallikas paljudele liikidele, sealhulgas kaladele, h\u00fcljestele ja vaaladele. Kuid pteropoodidel on \u00f5rnad kaltsiumkarbonaatkoored, mis on ookeanide hapestumise suhtes haavatavad. Eksperimentide k\u00e4igus asetati pteropoodide kestad merevette, mille pH (happesuse) prognoositav tase on 2100. aastaks L\u00f5una-Ookeanis. 48 tunni jooksul hakkasid pteropoodide kestad lahustuma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Saage n\u00e4htavust Mind The Graphi abil<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Oma uurimist\u00f6\u00f6 visualiseerimine<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Visuaalsed vahendid, nagu infograafiad ja videod, on v\u00f5imas viis teaduse edastamiseks. Ma l\u00f5in k\u00f5ik need infograafiad, kasutades Mind the graphi, veebiplatvormi, mis v\u00f5imaldab teadlastel luua pilkup\u00fc\u00fcdvaid materjale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. S\u00fcsinikuringlus ja kasvuhooneefekt - teaduslik infograafika.<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    S\u00fcsinikdioksiid on atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ris levinud gaas. Tavaliselt s\u00e4ilitab Maa s\u00fcsinikuringlus \"planeedi hingamise\" kaudu s\u00fcsiniku loomulikku tasakaalu atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ris, maismaal ja ookeanis. Inimtegevus, nagu fossiilk\u00fctuste emissioon, rikub aga s\u00fcsinikuringe tasakaalu, p\u00f5hjustades kliimamuutusi, kuna kasvuhoonegaaside [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8959,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[66,958],"tags":[219,51,299,311,310,554],"yoast_head":"\nConsequences of ocean acidification on marine animals - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists estimate that the oceans absorbed one-third of all the carbon dioxide produced by human activities causing ocean acidification\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/ookeanide-hapestumise-tagajarjed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Consequences of ocean acidification on marine animals - 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