{"id":26270,"date":"2023-01-18T10:42:10","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T13:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/viruses-that-can-cause-cancer-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-01-25T10:55:01","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T13:55:01","slug":"nuclear-fusion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/tuumasunteesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuumas\u00fcntees: Sissejuhatus: Lihtsalt m\u00f5istetav sissejuhatus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Teadlased on teinud olulise l\u00e4bimurde tuumas\u00fcnteesi vallas, mis v\u00f5ib avada ukse rohkearvulisele puhtale energiale tulevikus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

See j\u00e4reldus oli v\u00f5imalik ainult t\u00e4nu enam kui pool sajandit kestnud tuumas\u00fcnteesiuuringutele. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siin on lihtne ja arusaadav sissejuhatus tuumas\u00fcnteesi kohta, et saaksite sellest p\u00f5nevast uudisest korralikult aru saada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mis on tuumas\u00fcntees?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tuumas\u00fcnteesi puhul on tegemist tuumaprotsessiga, mis toimub siis, kui kaks v\u00f5i enam aatomituuma \u00fchinevad, et luua \u00fcks suurem aatomituum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Termotuumareaktsioonid toimuvad plasmana tuntud olekus, mis on kuum, laetud gaas, mis koosneb positiivsetest ioonidest ja vabalt liikuvatest elektronidest, mille omadused erinevad tahkete ainete, vedelike v\u00f5i gaaside omadustest. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kokkuv\u00f5ttes on tuumas\u00fcnteesi mehhanism, mille kaudu toimub tuumas\u00fcnteesi P\u00e4ike ja teised t\u00e4hed saavad oma energiat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4iteks: Triitiumi ja deuteeriumi aatomid (vesiniku isotoobid Vesinik-3 ja Vesinik-2) \u00fchinevad, et tekitada neutron ja heeliumi isotoop. Koos sellega vabaneb tohutu kogus energiat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seda energiat v\u00f5ib kasutada elektrienergia tootmiseks v\u00f5i muude asjade k\u00e4itamiseks. Ning arvatakse, et see on potentsiaalselt l\u00f5pmatu ja puhas energiaallikas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sulandumiseks peavad tuumad kokku puutuma erakordselt k\u00f5rgel temperatuuril, v\u00f5ib-olla 10 miljonit kraadi Celsiuse j\u00e4rgi. K\u00f5rge temperatuuri t\u00f5ttu on neil piisavalt energiat, et \u00fcletada oma vastastikune elektritakistus. Kui tuumad on teineteisele v\u00e4ga l\u00e4hedal, \u00fcletab tuumade vaheline atraktiivsus elektrilise vastuseisu ja v\u00f5imaldab neil sulanduda ning selle tulemusena tekib energia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuumas\u00fcntees vs. tuumal\u00f5hustumine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nii l\u00f5hustumine kui ka termotuumas\u00fcntees on tuumareaktsioonid, mis nihutavad aatomeid, et toota energiat, kuid mis on nende kahe erinevus? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Termotuumas\u00fcntees on kahe kergema aatomi liitumine suurema aatomi saamiseks, samas kui l\u00f5hustumine on \u00fche aatomi jagunemine kaheks. Tegemist on p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt vastandlike protsessidega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Albert Einsteini ennustus, et mass v\u00f5ib muunduda energiaks, inspireeris tuumade jagunemise avastamist. Teadlased alustasid katseid 1939. aastal ja Enrico Fermi ehitas aasta hiljem esimese tuumareaktori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suuresti ebastabiilset isotoopi paisatakse kiirendatud kiirete osakestega, tavaliselt neutronitega, mis sunnivad neid p\u00f5rkuma ebastabiilse isotoobi vastu, vallandades l\u00f5hustumise ja purunemise kaheks v\u00e4iksemaks isotoobiks, kolmeks kiireks neutroniks ja tohutuks energiakoguseks. Uraan-235 kasutatakse neutronina suures enamuses tuumaelektrijaamades. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toodetud energiat kasutatakse vee soojendamiseks tuumareaktorites, mis seej\u00e4rel toodavad elektrit. Kiirete neutronite v\u00e4ljalaskmisel, mis muutuvad m\u00fcrsudeks, k\u00e4ivitavad nad uusi l\u00f5hustumisprotsesse, mida nimetatakse ka ahelreaktsioonideks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuuma l\u00f5hustumisel tekib suur kogus radioaktiivseid j\u00e4\u00e4tmeid, mis v\u00f5ivad olla ohtlikud ja mida tuleb hoolikalt ladustada - v\u00f5ib-olla sadu aastaid. Tuuma termotuumas\u00fcnteesi puhul saadakse puhast energiat, mis ei sisalda radioaktiivseid j\u00e4\u00e4tmeid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samuti tasub r\u00f5hutada, et tuumal\u00f5hustumine ei ole looduslik protsess ja seda tuleb esile kutsuda, samas kui tuumas\u00fcntees on looduslik protsess, n\u00e4iteks p\u00e4ike toodab energiat tuumas\u00fcnteesi abil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miks on tuumas\u00fcntees oluline?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Termotuumareaktorid suudavad toota energiat minimaalsete v\u00f5i \u00fcldse mitte kasvuhoonegaaside, radioaktiivsete j\u00e4\u00e4tmete v\u00f5i muude keskkonnam\u00f5judega. Nad v\u00f5ivad pakkuda praktiliselt piiramatut puhta energia varu, v\u00e4hendades meie s\u00f5ltuvust fossiilsetest k\u00fctustest ja muudest piiratud energiaallikatest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuna tuumas\u00fcnteesi reaktorid ei tekita k\u00f5rge radioaktiivsusega j\u00e4\u00e4tmeid nagu tuumal\u00f5hustumisreaktorid, on nende k\u00f5rvaldamine lihtsam. Lisaks sellele ei sisalda j\u00e4\u00e4tmed erinevalt tuumal\u00f5hustumisreaktoritest relvaohtlikke radioaktiivseid elemente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuumas\u00fcnteesi l\u00e4bimurre <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Financial Timesi andmetel \u00f5nnestus teadlastel vabastada 2,5 MJ energiat p\u00e4rast seda, kui nad kasutasid k\u00fctuse soojendamiseks laseriga vaid 2,1 MJ. Seda avastust peab kinnitama Lawrence Livermore'i riiklikus laboratooriumis Californias asuv National Ignition Facility (NIF), kuid see on fantastiline uudis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See on oluline teaduslik saavutus tuumas\u00fcnteesi valdkonnas, eelk\u00f5ige seet\u00f5ttu, et teadlased on esmakordselt edukalt kehtestanud positiivse netoenergiakasumiga tuumas\u00fcnteesi protsessi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Loomulikult tuleb veel rohkem t\u00f6\u00f6d teha, et see v\u00f5imalus oleks teostatav, kuid teaduse jaoks on m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rne samm edasi, et teadlased suutsid toota rohkem energiat, kui nad katset alustasid. See annab teadust\u00f6\u00f6le konteksti ja t\u00e4henduse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

levitada visuaalset teaduslikku teabevahetust kogu maailmas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Levitage oma t\u00f6\u00f6d kogu maailmas visuaalsete plakatite abil. Lisaks sellele, et teie teos on sobivam l\u00fchikeseks lugemiseks, v\u00f5ib asjatundlikult loodud plakat aidata teie t\u00f6\u00f6l j\u00f5uda publikuni, mida te poleks osanud ette kujutada. Plakatid on kergemini k\u00e4tte saadavad ja levitatavad ning need v\u00f5ivad kindlasti panna inimesi teie uurimist\u00f6\u00f6d meeles pidama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kasutage lihtsat plakatite tegija t\u00f6\u00f6riista. Kasutage Mind The Graph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Suurendada minu uurimist\u00f6\u00f6 illustratsioonidega<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teadlased on hiljuti saavutanud edu tuumas\u00fcnteesi vallas. Vaadake seda lihtsat sissejuhatust, et selle kohta k\u00f5ike teada saada.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":26279,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNuclear Fusion: An easy-to-understand introduction<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists have recently achieved advances in nuclear fusion. Take a look at this easy introduction to learn everything about it.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/tuumasunteesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nuclear Fusion: An easy-to-understand introduction\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists have recently achieved advances in nuclear fusion. 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