{"id":26079,"date":"2023-01-05T16:45:43","date_gmt":"2023-01-05T19:45:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/bibliography-in-research-paper-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-01-12T16:53:51","modified_gmt":"2023-01-12T19:53:51","slug":"publication-bias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/avaldamisvabadus\/","title":{"rendered":"Avaldamise erapoolik: k\u00f5ik, mida pead teadma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Lugedes mis tahes artiklit kliinilise uuringu kohta, kas olete kunagi m\u00f5elnud, \"<em>kui palju sellest on tegelikult t\u00f5si?\". <\/em>N\u00fc\u00fcd v\u00f5ite seda nimetada paranoia, kuid pidage meeles, et selles kiirelt muutuvas maailmas on palju asju, millel on virtuaalne t\u00f5de ja mis on enamasti meie eest varjatud, et v\u00f5ita t\u00e4helepanu. Sarnane on olukord ka teadusuuringutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selles artiklis m\u00f5istame uut terminit, <strong><em>avaldamish\u00e4lve<\/em><\/strong><strong> <\/strong>mis on teadlaste seas \u00fcsna populaarne. N\u00e4eme ka nende eelarvamuste algp\u00f5hjust ja seda, kas see on \u00f5ige v\u00f5i vale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Mis on avaldamish\u00e4lve?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui me anname teile kaks artiklit uuringust, millest \u00fcks on p\u00f5hjalikult uuritud ja sisaldab k\u00f5iki ajakohaseid andmeid koos selgete tulemustega, kuid see osutub negatiivseks, samas kui teine artikkel on erapoolik ja kaldub varjama m\u00f5ningaid fakte, et anda v\u00e4lja positiivne tulemus, siis kumba te arvate, et see m\u00fc\u00fcb rohkem? V\u00f5i kumba artiklit loevad inimesed rohkem? Ilmselt positiivset, eks ole? Siit tulebki v\u00e4ljaande erapoolikus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e4heme asja paremaks m\u00f5istmiseks tehnilisemaks. Iga kord, kui tehakse uuring, on kaks h\u00fcpoteesi - nullh\u00fcpotees ja alternatiivh\u00fcpotees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Nullh\u00fcpotees<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nullh\u00fcpotees on see, kui uuring ei anna tulemust v\u00f5i ei saa tugevat toetust v\u00f5i t\u00f5endeid oma v\u00e4ite p\u00f5hjendamiseks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Alternatiivne h\u00fcpotees<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Alternatiivh\u00fcpotees on nullh\u00fcpoteesi vastupidine variant. Kui uuring on viljakas ja selle v\u00e4ite p\u00f5hjendamiseks on t\u00f5endeid, saab sellest alternatiivh\u00fcpotees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Akadeemiline kogukond eelistab rohkem positiivseid kui negatiivseid uuringuid, kuna esimesed avaldatakse kergemini. Seet\u00f5ttu kipuvad paljud uuringud, mis annavad v\u00e4lja negatiivse tulemuse, maailma eest varjatud olema. Praeguses stsenaariumis on uuringu tulemustel oluline roll selles, kas see avaldatakse v\u00f5i mitte, mitte niiv\u00f5rd tehtud uuringute kvaliteedil v\u00f5i mahul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Avaldamise erapoolikuse p\u00f5hjused<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u00dcks avaldamish\u00e4lbe p\u00f5hjus on see, et kui tulemus osutub negatiivseks, tunneb teadlane, et ta ei ole uuringut korralikult l\u00e4bi viinud, v\u00f5i v\u00f5ivad inimesed leida, et negatiivsed uuringud on \u00fcsna igavad. Seega v\u00f5ivad nad sellep\u00e4rast tegelikke tulemusi maha vaikida.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teine peamine p\u00f5hjus on kuulsus ja au. Tipptasemel teadusajakirjad avaldavad teie t\u00f6\u00f6d ainult siis, kui need on p\u00f5nevad ja positiivsed. Nii et teadlane, kes tahab kiiresti karj\u00e4\u00e4riredelil \u00fclespoole t\u00f5usta, otsustab ise uurimistulemuse \u00fcle nii, et see aitaks tema uurimuse avaldamisele kaasa, sest see otsustab suuresti tema tuleviku teadusvaldkonnas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meditsiiniuuringute puhul rahastab eraettev\u00f5te teadlasi, et saada soovitud tulemus. Kui tulemus on negatiivne, v\u00f5ib ettev\u00f5te oma rahastamise l\u00f5petada. Selle v\u00e4ltimiseks varjavad teadlased sageli negatiivseteks osutunud tulemusi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teadlase rahaline staatus s\u00f5ltub peamiselt sellest, kui palju tema avaldatud uuringuid tsiteeritakse. Ja positiivseid tulemusi tsiteeritakse rohkem kui negatiivseid, seega kipuvad teadlased sageli avaldama positiivseid uuringuid, et saada lugupidamist ja mainet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>Kas publitseerimise erapoolikus on t\u00f5sine probleem?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui me n\u00e4eme avaldamish\u00e4lbe p\u00f5hjusi, siis on need teadlase seisukohalt \u00f5igustatud ja inimesed v\u00f5ivad neile kaasa tunda, kuid kas see tekitab t\u00f5siseid probleeme?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jah, see osutub fataalseks, eriti meditsiiniliste uuringute puhul, sest need puudutavad inimelusid ja nad peavad avaldama k\u00f5ik, mida nad leiavad, olgu see siis positiivne v\u00f5i negatiivne, sest inimestel on \u00f5igus teada, mis on hea ja mis mitte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui teadlased leiavad, et ravim on surmav, ja kui nad avaldavad artikli, milles v\u00e4idavad, et see on hea, et saada rahastamist vastavast ettev\u00f5ttest, siis m\u00f5elge inimestele, kes selle t\u00f5ttu kannatavad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seega, isegi kui teadlastel v\u00f5ib olla tuhandeid p\u00f5hjusi, on avaldamish\u00e4ire kahjulik ja seda tuleb iga hinna eest v\u00e4ltida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Kuidas v\u00e4ltida avaldamise erapoolikust<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Esiteks on teadlase s\u00fcdametunnistus seda v\u00e4ltida ja j\u00e4\u00e4da oma allikale truuks. Selle asemel, et avaldada uuringuid, millel on ainult positiivsed tulemused, peaks neil olema eetiline moraal avaldada k\u00f5ik, mida nad leiavad, olgu see siis positiivne v\u00f5i negatiivne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Selleks, et teadlane esitaks k\u00f5ik, mida ta leiab, on \u00fcks v\u00f5imalus koguda eelnevalt registreeritud aruandeid, mis t\u00e4hendab, et teadlane peaks esitama ajakirja kavandi sellest, mida ta kavatseb uurida, ja kavandatud uurimismeetodid. Sellega ei j\u00e4\u00e4 uurijal muud \u00fcle, kui teha k\u00f5ik j\u00e4rjekorras ja esitada k\u00f5ik, mida ta leiab, ajakirjale, sest selged sammud on eelnevalt mainitud.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Teine v\u00f5imalus on v\u00f5tta \u00fchendust ajakirjadega, mis avaldavad negatiivseid tulemusi, nii et teadlane saaks tervikliku vaatenurga ja me tuvastaksime t\u00f5e uuringu taga.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>Parandage oma dokumentide m\u00f5ju ja n\u00e4htavust kvaliteetse visuaalse kommunikatsiooni abil<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kas teadsite, et kvaliteetse visuaalse kommunikatsiooni abil saate parandada oma dokumentide m\u00f5ju ja n\u00e4htavust? Jah, koos <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> infograafiline vahend on v\u00f5imalik ja annab teie uurimist\u00f6\u00f6le suurema ulatuse ning aitab parandada teie t\u00f6\u00f6 esitlust. Registreeruge n\u00fc\u00fcd, et seda vahendit k\u00f5ige paremini \u00e4ra kasutada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Kuidas | Diagrammi muutmine Mind the Graphs\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SexsMyHnCZ0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Suurendada minu uurimist\u00f6\u00f6 illustratsioonidega<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uuringul on m\u00fcndi m\u00f5lemad k\u00fcljed, kuid sageli j\u00e4\u00e4b meil selle negatiivne k\u00fclg kahe silma vahele. \u00d5ppige \u00fcksikasjalikult, mis on avaldamish\u00e4lve ja kuidas seda v\u00e4ltida.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":26087,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Publication Bias: All You Need To Know<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A study has both sides of the coin, but we often miss its negative side. 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