{"id":19837,"date":"2022-09-15T11:59:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-15T14:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=19837"},"modified":"2023-03-20T09:54:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T12:54:50","slug":"cutaneous-and-acral-melanoma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/naha-ja-akraalmelanoom\/","title":{"rendered":"Uurimis\u00fclevaade: Melanoom: naha- ja akraalmelanoom"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Aastak\u00fcmneid on m\u00f5ned elanikkonna r\u00fchmad teatanud melanoomi esinemissageduse suurenemisest kogu maailmas. Melanots\u00fc\u00fctide kasvajat nahas, limaskestas v\u00f5i uveas nimetatakse melanoomiks. Vaatamata sellele, et see on 5% esindatud k\u00f5igi nahav\u00e4hi pahaloomuliste haiguste hulgas, on see vastutav enam kui 75% k\u00f5igi nahav\u00e4hi surmajuhtumite eest.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuigi positiivne seos UV-kiirguse ja melanoomi arengu vahel on h\u00e4sti teada, on epigeneetilised mehhanismid inimese melanoomi kudedes veel suures osas uurimata. K\u00e4esolevas artiklis k\u00e4sitletakse patobioloogia ja ultraviolettkiirguse ekspositsiooniga seotud prognostilist v\u00e4hijuhti koos autori arusaamadega eelnimetatud teemal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Uuringu eesm\u00e4rk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kasutades kahte s\u00f5ltumatut nahamelanoomi patsientide kohorti, p\u00fc\u00fcavad nad avastada ja valideerida kogu genoomi h\u00f5lmavaid met\u00fc\u00fclimuutusi, mis on seotud UV-mutatsioonidega. Peamine eesm\u00e4rk on uurida DNA met\u00fcloomide ja transkriptoomide ning integreeritud met\u00fcloomi-transkriptoomide diagnostilist potentsiaali UV-mutantsete ja mitte-UV-mutantsete nahamelanoomide eristamisel.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kasutades integratiivset OMIC-meetodit, hinnatakse v\u00e4hkt\u00f5ve p\u00f5hjustavate potentsiaalide osas v\u00e4ikeste nukleotiidivariantide (SNV) ja koopiate arvu variantide (CNV) prioriteetsete diferentseeritud met\u00fc\u00fclitud geenide erinevusi. Seda uuringut toetab veel \u00fcks, milles uuritakse, kas DNA met\u00fcloomid suudavad eristada patoloogilisi ja UV-kiirgusega seotud erinevusi silmapaistvate melanoomi variantide vahel, mis on seotud kokkupuutega UV-valgusega (nahamelanoom) ja nendega, mis ei ole seotud (akraalne melanoom). Artiklis olev skeem n\u00e4itab, mis on uuringu eesm\u00e4rk ja protsess. Graafiline kujutis loodi kasutades <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/app\/offer-trial\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"651\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26823\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-01.jpg 651w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-01-300x80.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-01-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-01-100x27.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Uurimuse \u00fcksikasjalik k\u00e4sitlemine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kliinilistes bioproovides on UV-kiirgus (UV) seostatud nahamelanoomiga, kuid nende mehhanismide aluseks olevad epigeneetilised mehhanismid on veel kindlaks m\u00e4\u00e4ramata. K\u00e4esolevasse uuringusse kaasati kliinilise, epigenoomi (DNA met\u00fcloomi), genoomi ja transkriptoomi profiilide koostamiseks 112 nahamelanoomi rakkude paljurahvuseline kohort. Selles uuringus tuvastasid nad UV-kiirguse poolt p\u00f5hjustatud muutused immunoloogilistes ja regulatiivsetes radades, mis v\u00f5ivad olla v\u00e4hi ajendid k\u00f5igis multi-OMIC-des.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lisaks sellele, et TAPBP (Tap binding protein gene) on k\u00f5ige kriitilisemalt seotud geen, on see kriitiliselt seotud immuuns\u00fcsteemi toimimisega, kusjuures mitmed UV-ga muudetud met\u00fclatsioonikohad, mis on valideeritud sihip\u00e4rase sekveneerimisega, pakuvad kliiniliselt rakendatavaid v\u00f5imalusi. MHC-I suhtleb antigeeni t\u00f6\u00f6tlemisega seotud transporteriga TAPBP kaudu, mis kuulub immunoglobuliini superperekonda. Mitmed v\u00e4hivormid on n\u00e4idanud TAPBP (tapasiini) valgu alareguleerimist, mis taastub p\u00e4rast ts\u00fctokiinide ekspositsiooni.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>See viitab sellele, et TAPBP puuduliku ekspressiooni p\u00f5hjuseks v\u00f5ib olla pigem d\u00fcsregulatsioon kui struktuurimuutused. Teadlased leidsid, et TAPBP DNA met\u00fc\u00fclimise tase on m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rselt p\u00f6\u00f6rdv\u00f5rdeline transkriptsiooniga ja et viimane on muutunud pigem UV-kiirguse kui melanoomi patoloogilise identiteedi t\u00f5ttu. Ei leitud, et ei UV-mutatsiooniga mittekutaansed ega akraalsed melanoomid oleksid diferentseeritult met\u00fc\u00fclitud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lisaks TAPBP-le keskendunud leidudele leidsid nad, et UV-mutatsioonid on seotud mitmesuguste epigeneetiliste muutustega, mis m\u00f5jutavad naha melanoomi met\u00fcloomi. Tulemused n\u00e4itavad, et nahamelanoomid, olenemata sellest, kas need on UV-mutantsed v\u00f5i mitte-UV-mutantsed, tuleb v\u00f5ib-olla eraldi klassifitseerida, kuigi arvatakse, et neil on sama patoloogiline\/rakuline p\u00e4ritolu. Seda seet\u00f5ttu, et nende epigenoomiline maastik v\u00f5ib sisaldada nii kokkupuute kui ka rakuliini markereid.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selles uuringus kasutati naha- ja akraalmelanoomi proovide puhul mitmeid v\u00f5imsaid tehnoloogiaid, sealhulgas WGS, WES, RNA sekveneerimine ja DNA met\u00fcloomi profiilide koostamine koos kaasaegsete bioinformaatika vahenditega. Teadlased kasutasid avalikult k\u00e4ttesaadavaid andmeid ja t\u00e4iendasid neid uute andmekogumitega, mis h\u00f5lmasid suuremat proovi suurust, laiemat genoomilist katvust, p\u00f5hjalikke fenot\u00fc\u00fcpseid hinnanguid, h\u00e4sti s\u00e4ilinud k\u00fclmutatud koeproove ning lisaks naha- ja etniliste r\u00fchmade kui eurooplaste melanoomide hindamist.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Selle t\u00f6\u00f6 tulemuseks olid j\u00e4rgmised tulemused<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) biomarkerite avastamine, mida saab kasutada v\u00e4hiriski stratifitseerimiseks;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) Melanoomit\u00fc\u00fcpide parem klassifitseerimine nende sees ja nende vahel;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) tuvastada molekulaarseid m\u00f5jureid, mis v\u00f5ivad olla vastutavad melanoomide tekke eest, mida saab raviks kasutada;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(4) Teadmiste suurendamine melanoomi patobioloogia kohta, et v\u00e4hendada elanikkonna erinevusi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>See uuring annab juhised sarnaste geenide ja keskkonna vaheliste uuringute l\u00e4biviimiseks teiste melanoomit\u00fc\u00fcpide puhul ning h\u00f5lmab nii tavalisi kui ka harvemini esinevaid melanoomi t\u00fc\u00fcpe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>T\u00f5husam viis t\u00e4pse teadusliku teabe edastamiseks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>See uurimus on v\u00e4ga huvitav ja kergesti m\u00f5istetav, peamiselt selle ilusate graafiliste illustratsioonide t\u00f5ttu. Graafikud on loodud kasutades <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\">Mind the Graph<\/a> t\u00f6\u00f6riist. Graafiline illustratsioon v\u00f5ib lugejale mitmel viisil kasulik olla. V\u00f5ite proovida oma uurimist\u00f6\u00f6 taseme t\u00f5stmist, registreerudes tasuta aadressil Mind the Graph ja proovides oma esimest teaduslikku joonist.<br><br>\u00c4rge unustage vaadata meie artiklit \"<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/the-key-visual-science-scientific-illustration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Teaduslik illustratsioon: Visuaalse teaduse maailma v\u00f5ti<\/a>&#8220;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"594\" height=\"463\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/scientifically-accurate-posters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25484\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/scientifically-accurate-posters.png 594w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/scientifically-accurate-posters-300x234.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/scientifically-accurate-posters-15x12.png 15w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/scientifically-accurate-posters-100x78.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-1 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Loo efektiivseid teadusfiguurid minutitega<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selles artiklis arutatakse patobioloogia ja ultraviolettkiirgusega seotud prognostilist v\u00e4hijuhti koos autori arusaamadega.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":27204,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[956],"tags":[937,96,554,775],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Research Review: Cutaneous and Acral Melanoma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article will discuss the prognostic cancer driver related to pathobiology and ultraviolet exposure along with the author&#039;s insights.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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She is currently pursuing a master's degree in Bioentrepreneurship from Karolinska Institute. She is interested in health and diseases, global health, socioeconomic development, and women's health. 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