{"id":14781,"date":"2021-10-14T14:28:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T17:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=14781"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:53:24","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:53:24","slug":"motivational-tactics-the-math-behind-the-reward-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/motivatsioonitaktika-matemaatika-pohjendussusteem\/","title":{"rendered":"Motiveeriv taktika: Matemaatika premeerimiss\u00fcsteemi taga: Matemaatika premeerimiss\u00fcsteemi taga"},"content":{"rendered":"

Preemias\u00fcsteem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sisemiselt motiveeritud strateegia kontrollib, kui suuri j\u00f5upingutusi me eesm\u00e4rgi saavutamiseks teeme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcsimus on: mis motiveerib meid andma endast parima, et saavutada \u00fcksk\u00f5ik milline eesm\u00e4rk, \u00fcksk\u00f5ik kui t\u00e4htsusetu see ka ei tunduks? Kas see on meie aju, mis \u00fcritab meid motivatsioonistrateegiana preemiaga meelitada, mis viib meid edasi? Millised on meie tegevuse p\u00f5hjused?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Palgas\u00fcsteem on n\u00f5rgenenud paljude patoloogiliste seisundite t\u00f5ttu, mis p\u00f5hjustab motivatsioonipuudust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A hiljutine uuring<\/a> Jaapanis uurisid ahvide premeerimiss\u00fcsteemi v\u00f5rgustikke ja kohandasid neid. Oma uuringus avastasid teadlased paar p\u00f5hilist aspekti motivatsiooni suurendamisele suunatud premeerimiss\u00fcsteemides. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Mind<\/a>
Mind the Graph illustratsioon: Vervet Monkey Sober<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Neuroloogilisest vaatepunktist l\u00e4htub see aju premeerimiss\u00fcsteemist, mis m\u00f5jutab meie kalduvust p\u00fc\u00fcelda oma eesm\u00e4rkide poole ja nautida nende saavutamisega kaasnevat rahulolu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selleks, et selgitada v\u00e4lja nende kahjulike ps\u00fchholoogiliste raskuste allikas, millega teatud inimr\u00fchmad (n\u00e4iteks depressiooni, skisofreenia v\u00f5i Parkinsoni t\u00f5vega inimesed, kelle tasustamiss\u00fcsteem on tavaliselt kahjustatud) v\u00f5ivad kokku puutuda, uurivad teadlased tasustamiss\u00fcsteemi mehhanisme ja seda, kuidas see teeb otsuseid selle kohta, kas algatada teatud tegevusi v\u00f5i mitte.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Mind<\/a>
Mind the Graph Mall<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Motivatsiooni dekodeerimine: Mida teadlased leidsid v\u00e4lja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Iga p\u00e4ev kaalume me tegevuse kasu ja kulusid, otsustades, kas tegutseda v\u00f5i mitte. Kasu (kasu) suurendab eduka tulemuse t\u00f5en\u00e4osust, samas kui tulemuse saavutamise kulud (risk, viivitus ja raske t\u00f6\u00f6) v\u00e4hendavad kasu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dopamiin (DA) on motivatsiooni p\u00f5hikomponent, mis m\u00f5jutab k\u00e4itumist vastavalt tegevuse oodatavatele h\u00fcvedele v\u00f5i kuludele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keskmise aju DA-neuronite faasi tulistamise positiivne suurendamine on korrelatsioonis v\u00f5imalike h\u00fcvedega ja vastupidine suurendamine on korrelatsioonis riskidega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuna DA edastab oma m\u00f5ju ajus, edastavad seda DA retseptorid, mis otsivad ja seovad DA molekule, levitades seega signaale kogu n\u00e4rvis\u00fcsteemis. Sellest hoolimata, kuna iga retseptori omadused on erinevad, oli oluline m\u00f5ista iga retseptori suhtelist m\u00f5ju DA-signaaliteele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Motivatsiooni m\u00f5istmiseks kasutasid teadlased maki ahvidel kahte liiki DA-retseptoreid: D1 retseptorid (D1R) ja D2 retseptorid (D2R), mis m\u00f5lemad m\u00e4ngivad rolli preemiap\u00f5hises motivatsioonis.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Mind<\/a>
Mind the Graph Mall<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Teadlased kasutasid s\u00fcstemaatilist l\u00e4henemist D1R- ja DA-retseptorite moduleerimiseks nendes ahvides, s\u00fcstides neile molekuli, mis p\u00e4rsib ahvide DA-reaktsiooni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Positronemissioontomograafia abil m\u00e4\u00e4rati kindlaks, kui palju retseptoreid oli loomade ajus seotud v\u00f5i blokeeritud. P\u00e4rast seda anti ahvidele \u00fclesandeid, mida nad pidid tasu eest t\u00e4itma. Seejuures m\u00e4\u00e4rati, kas nad v\u00f5tsid \u00fclesanded vastu v\u00f5i mitte ja kas nad reageerisid kiiresti signaalidele. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

DA rolli p\u00f5hjalikuks m\u00f5istmiseks motivatsioonis on oluline j\u00e4lgida DA mustreid kasu ja kulude faasis, samuti DA m\u00f5ju m\u00f5\u00f5tmist DA retseptoritele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inimese otsuste langetamist ja motivatsiooni m\u00f5jutab tasu ja tasu saamise kulude vaheline vahetus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcldiselt arvatakse, et inimesed ja loomad eelistavad koheseid, suhteliselt v\u00e4ikeseid h\u00fcvesid suurematele, mis v\u00f5tavad aega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just DA edastamise kaudu D1R ja D2R kaudu kontrollitakse kulup\u00f5hist motivatsiooni erinevalt s\u00f5ltuvalt olemasolevast tasu ja konkreetse \u00fclesandega seotud kuludest (j\u00f5upingutustest). T\u00f6\u00f6koormuse kompenseerimine seevastu oli peamiselt seotud D2R-i manipuleerimisega, kuna see skaleeris tasu vastavalt n\u00f5utavale pingutusele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaks dopamiini retseptori alat\u00fc\u00fcpi, mille puhul nad leidsid, et need m\u00e4ngivad \u00fcksteist t\u00e4iendavat rolli, v\u00f5ivad aidata m\u00e4\u00e4rata ps\u00fchhiaatriliste h\u00e4irete patof\u00fcsioloogiat, p\u00f6\u00f6rates t\u00e4helepanu nende koostoimele. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selliste uurimuste nagu nende uurimus annab v\u00f5imaluse suurendada paljude inimeste motivatsioonitaset, manipuleerides nende sisemise premeerimiss\u00fcsteemiga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kui soovite selle kohta rohkem teada saada, vaadake allpool toodud viidet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hori, Yukiko, et al. \"D1- ja D2-taolised retseptorid vahendavad erinevalt dopamiinergilise \u00fclekande m\u00f5ju kulude\/kasu hindamisele ja motivatsioonile ahvidel.\" bioRxiv (2021): 2020-11. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Preemias\u00fcsteem Sisemiselt motiveeritud strateegia kontrollib, kui suurt pingutust me eesm\u00e4rgi saavutamiseks teeme. K\u00fcsimus on: mis motiveerib meid andma oma parima j\u00f5upingutuse mis tahes eesm\u00e4rgi nimel, \u00fcksk\u00f5ik kui t\u00fchine see ka ei tunduks? Kas see on meie aju, mis p\u00fc\u00fcab meid motivatsioonistrateegiana preemiaga meelitada, et [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":14787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nMotivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is it our brain trying to lure us into a reward as a motivation strategy that will propel us forward? Have you ever thought about that? 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