{"id":13115,"date":"2021-07-13T14:04:42","date_gmt":"2021-07-13T17:04:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=13115"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:27:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:27:25","slug":"plastic-pollution-are-microplastics-contaminants-an-emerging-concern","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/plastiksaaste-on-mikroplastid-saasteained-kui-kasvav-probleem\/","title":{"rendered":"Plastreostus: Kas mikroplastist saasteained on esilekerkiv probleem?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Peaaegu 20 aastat on m\u00f6\u00f6dunud sellest, kui teadlased avastasid mikroplastide ohtlikkuse - enamik uuringuid on keskendunud mereelustikule.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Iga alla 5 millimeetri pikkust plastikfragmenti nimetatakse mikroplastiks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mikroplasti uurimise algusaegadel t\u00f6\u00f6tasid teadlased peamiselt mikrohelmeid ja neitsiplastist graanuleid, mida ei saanud toodeteks vormida, sealhulgas suurte prahi v\u00f5i purunenud pudelite t\u00fckke, mis aeglaselt lagunesid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Vaadake <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/app\/illustrations\">Mind the Graph galerii<\/a> selle blogipostituse teemaga seotud illustratsioonid. Kl\u00f5psake alloleval pildil!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/app\/illustrations?search=plastic,%20microplastic\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"716\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/plasc-1024x716.jpg\" alt=\"Mind the Graph illustratsioonide galerii plastide ja mikroplasti kohta \" class=\"wp-image-13116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/plasc-1024x716.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/plasc-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/plasc-768x537.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/plasc.jpg 1185w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Need saasteained uhuvad j\u00f5gedesse ja saastavad ookeane. Okeanograafide hinnangul sisaldab Maa pinnavesi 15 kuni 51 triljonit plastosakest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mitusada uuringut n\u00e4itavad mikroplasti olemasolu veeorganismides. Lisaks sellele on vahepeal tuvastatud arvukalt mikroplasti allikaid, n\u00e4iteks s\u00f5idukite poolt maanteedel veetud plastosakesed ja riietest eraldunud s\u00fcnteetilised kiud.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lisaks neelavad v\u00f5i hingavad inimesed tundmatutest allikatest p\u00e4rinevat plasti sisse, sest prahi kandub mere ja maismaa vahele. Samuti on oluline kindlaks teha, kas plastiku pisikesed t\u00fckid avaldavad inimestele v\u00f5i loomadele mingit negatiivset m\u00f5ju v\u00f5i mitte.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saastega kokkupuute m\u00f5\u00f5tmisega astuvad keskkonnaametnikud esimese sammu terviseriskide kvantifitseerimise suunas. Arvestades mikroplasti sisalduse t\u00f5usu ja muid haigusi, mida v\u00f5ib p\u00f5hjustada mereandide tarbimine, on see p\u00f5hjustanud suurt muret ja uusi arenguid hingamisprobleemide puhul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Kuidas t\u00e4pselt mikroplastik kahjustab?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nende plastosakeste p\u00f5hjuste ja m\u00f5jude kohta on tehtud mitmeid uuringuid. S\u00f5ltuvalt nende suurusest v\u00f5i v\u00f5imest tungida kudedesse v\u00f5i rakkudesse, v\u00f5ivad nad p\u00f5hjustada \u00e4rritust juba ainu\u00fcksi oma kohalolekuga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nanoplastid, k\u00f5ige v\u00e4iksemad osakesed, mille l\u00e4bim\u00f5\u00f5t on suurem kui mikromeeter, valmistavad teadlastele k\u00f5ige rohkem muret. Kui mikroplastide keemilisest m\u00fcrgisusest tulenevad negatiivsed m\u00f5jud, siis kipuvad need olema suurema suurusega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Paljud plastide tootmisel kasutatavad lisaained kujutavad endast ohtu tervisele, kuna nad m\u00f5jutavad negatiivselt endokriins\u00fcsteemi. Sellegipoolest uuritakse mitmeid tegureid, et m\u00f5ista, kuidas mikroplastikut alla v\u00f5etakse ja kui kaua kulub aega, et selle m\u00f5ju organismis avalduks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konkreetselt inimestega tehtud uuringud on olnud piiratud ja need uuringud on t\u00e4helepanu keskmesse toodud, kuigi ainukesed k\u00e4ttesaadavad uuringud kasutavad laboratoorset katset, kus rakud ja inimkoed puutuvad kokku mikroplastiga, v\u00f5i loomkatsed, mis h\u00f5lmavad n\u00e4rilisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Mikroplastide kahju merekeskkonnale<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/brian-yurasits-35l5ovoc7ws-unsplash.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/brian-yurasits-35l5ovoc7ws-unsplash-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"siniste kinnastega isik, kes hoiab k\u00e4es l\u00e4bipaistvat plastpudelit\" class=\"wp-image-13117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/brian-yurasits-35l5ovoc7ws-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/brian-yurasits-35l5ovoc7ws-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/brian-yurasits-35l5ovoc7ws-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/brian-yurasits-35l5ovoc7ws-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/brian-yurasits-35l5ovoc7ws-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pildi allikas<\/em>: <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/35l5OVoC7ws\">Unsplash<\/a> poolt <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@brian_yuri\">Brian Yurasits<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui te r\u00e4\u00e4gite mereorganismidest, siis k\u00f5ige ilmsem viis, kuidas plastik v\u00f5ib neile kahju tekitada, on see, et nad neelavad elluj\u00e4\u00e4miseks alla pisikesi plastosakesi, mis ei paku palju toitu. Lynch, kes juhib oma uurimuses <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hpu.edu\/cncs\/cmdr\/\">Mereprahi uurimise keskus<\/a> aadressil <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hpu.edu\/\">Hawaii Vaikse ookeani \u00fclikool<\/a> Honolulus uuris plastikut ja muid kemikaale rannast leitud surnud merikilpkonnade sisikonnas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tema t\u00f6\u00f6r\u00fchm viis 2020. aastal l\u00e4bi anal\u00fc\u00fcside seeria \u00fcheksa alla kolmen\u00e4dalase haudepoja kohta. Hoolimata sellest, et nad olid vaid 9 sentimeetri pikkused, oli \u00fche haudemiku seedetraktis 42 plastit\u00fckki. Enamik neist oli mikroplastik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Kuigi mikroplastid ei ole arvatavasti peamine surma p\u00f5hjus, on need siiski \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt oluline probleem. Lisaks on paljud juhtivad teadlased teinud mitmesuguseid avastusi seoses mikroplasti ja mereorganismidega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alternatiivina keradele kasutavad teadlased n\u00fc\u00fcd kiudusid v\u00f5i plastiku t\u00fckke, mis on keskkonnatingimustes realistlikumad. Paljud katsekehad on kaetud kemikaalidega, mis sarnanevad biokilega, mis suurendavad t\u00f5en\u00e4osust, et loomad neid s\u00f6\u00f6vad.  Nii on toimunud positiivne muutus mikroplasti kahjulikkuse tunnistamisel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Praegu usuvad teadlased, et mikroplasti ja nanomuuseumi ei ole piisavalt suures kontsentratsioonis, et m\u00f5jutada inimeste tervist. Sellegipoolest on oodata, et nende arv kasvab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui me l\u00e4heme \u00fcle s\u00e4\u00e4stvale eluviisile ja v\u00e4hendame m\u00fcrgiste j\u00e4\u00e4tmete merre heitmist, saame selle probleemi siiski kontrolli alla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Artikli \u00fcksikasjalik kirjeldus on esitatud allpool nimetatud DOI-s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-01143-3\">Lim, X. (2021). Mikroplastid on k\u00f5ikjal - aga kas nad on kahjulikud? https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-01143-3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Vaata Mind the Graph galeriist plastide ja merega seotud illustratsioone.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Peaaegu 20 aastat on m\u00f6\u00f6dunud sellest, kui teadlased avastasid mikroplastide ohtlikkuse - enamik uuringuid on keskendunud mereelustikule.  Mikromuugiks nimetatakse k\u00f5iki alla 5 millimeetri pikkuseid plastifragmente. Mikroplasti uurimise algusaegadel t\u00f6\u00f6tasid teadlased peamiselt mikrohelmeid ja neitsiplastist graanuleid, mida ei saanud vormida toodeteks, [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":13119,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Plastic Pollution: Are Microplastic Contaminants a Concern? - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/plastiksaaste-on-mikroplastid-saasteained-kui-kasvav-probleem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plastic pollution: Are microplastics contaminants an emerging concern?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/plastiksaaste-on-mikroplastid-saasteained-kui-kasvav-probleem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-13T17:04:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-05T17:27:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-plastic-pollution-facebook.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Plastic pollution: Are microplastics contaminants an emerging concern?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-plastic-pollution-twitter.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Plastic Pollution: Are Microplastic Contaminants a Concern? 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