{"id":12121,"date":"2021-01-11T11:05:53","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T13:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12121"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:52:03","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:52:03","slug":"cause-of-alzheimers-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/cause-of-alzheimers-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Uus teooria \u00fcritab selgitada Alzheimeri t\u00f5ve p\u00f5hjuseid"},"content":{"rendered":"

Enam kui pooled dementsuse juhtudest liigitatakse t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval Alzheimeri t\u00f5veks - krooniliseks neurodegeneratiivseks haiguseks, mis m\u00f5jutab j\u00e4rk-j\u00e4rgult inimese kognitiivseid v\u00f5imeid ja m\u00e4lu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuni t\u00e4naseni arvati, et seda p\u00f5hjustavad geneetilised ja vananemisega seotud tegurid, haiguse kurjategijad ja peamised s\u00fc\u00fcdlased on omistatud seniilsetele naastudele ja neurofibrillaarsetele segudele, mis p\u00f5hjustavad neuroinflammatsiooni ja j\u00e4rjestikku neuronite surma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uus teooria Alzheimeri t\u00f5ve p\u00f5hjuste kohta heidab aga valgust meditsiiniuuringute taevasse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teooria kohaselt ei ole geneetika ja vananemine ainsad tegurid, mis vastutavad am\u00fcloidiklumpide - valgu, mis koguneb neuronite vahele ja p\u00f5hjustab Alzheimeri t\u00f5be - moodustumise eest, vaid see v\u00f5ib olla ka vallandav vastus mikroobide infektsioonile.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vaatame l\u00e4hemalt neuroloogilist skaalat, et m\u00f5ista kogu pilti sellest, mis toimub Alzheimeri t\u00f5vega ajus. Toimuvad kaks peamist n\u00e4htust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valk nimega tau vastutab stabiilsuse s\u00e4ilitamise eest, andes neuronite sees olevatele mikrotuubulitele tuge. Selle haiguse all kannatavas ajus on tau biokeemiliselt muundunud reaktsiooni, mida nimetatakse h\u00fcperfosfor\u00fclaadireaktsiooniks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selle muutuse tulemuseks on lahustumatud valgu t\u00fckid neuroni sees, mis lagundavad kogu s\u00fcsteemi ja tapavad neuronirakke. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Need lahustumatud tau-valgu t\u00fckid koonduvad omavahel, moodustades neurofibrillaarsed konglomeraadid.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The seniilsed plaadid<\/strong> on valmistatud am\u00fcloid-\u03b2 peptiidid<\/strong>. Neuronite membraanides olev valk (pre-amyloid) l\u00e4bib l\u00f5hustumise protsessi, mille tulemusel tekivad vabad am\u00fcloid-\u03b2 t\u00fckid v\u00e4ljaspool neuroneid*. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eeldatavasti peaksid need t\u00fckid spetsiaalsete rakkude ja ens\u00fc\u00fcmide abil fagots\u00fctoosi teel neuroni v\u00e4liskeskkonnast puhastuma, kuid geneetiliste v\u00f5i vananemisega seotud tegurite t\u00f5ttu ei toimu see protsess piisavalt t\u00f5husalt, mist\u00f5ttu tekivad vabad lahustumatud am\u00fcloid-\u03b2 valkude t\u00fckid, mis hakkavad plakkideks koonduma.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Am\u00fcloidplaate on k\u00f5ige rohkem uuritud ja arutatud Alzheimeri t\u00f5ve p\u00f5hjusena. Kuid teadlased kinnitavad ka, et neurofibrillaarsed konglomeraadid on otseselt seotud haiguse kulgemisega.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Teadlased leidsid am\u00fcloidiklombi ka tervetes pos-mortem-ajudes. See t\u00e4hendab, et ka terves vanas ajus muutub puhastusprotsess v\u00e4hem t\u00f5husaks, kuid mitte nii palju kui Alzheimeri t\u00f5vega ajus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seet\u00f5ttu iseloomustab Alzheimeri t\u00f5be suur hulk neid seniilseid naastusid ja neurofibrillaarseid konglomeraate; need muutuvad aju jaoks \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt toksiliseks ja muudavad s\u00fcnapside t\u00f5husust ja kvaliteeti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kannatanutel esinevad sellised s\u00fcmptomid nagu m\u00e4lukaotus, ajaga ja asukohaga seotud segadus, depressioon, \u00e4revus, keele- ja suhtlemisprobleemid, meeleolu ebastabiilsus jm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uues v\u00e4ljapakutud teoorias<\/strong>, on am\u00fcloidplaadid aju kaitsemehhanismiks mikroobide infektsiooni eest. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00fcloid-\u03b2 geen on olemas suurel osal selgroogsetest ja see on s\u00e4ilinud erinevate liikide vahel mitme p\u00f5lvkonna v\u00e4ltel, mis t\u00e4hendab, et sellel peaks olema meie organismile kasulik ja oluline roll, mitte ainult toimida millegi kahjuliku rollis - kui see ei oleks midagi kehtivat v\u00f5i kasulikku, oleks geen juba ammu l\u00e4bi evolutsioonilise tee kadunud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teadlased uurisid tuhandeid Alzheimeri t\u00f5vega inimeste surmaj\u00e4rgseid ajusid. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuigi neil oli raskusi selliste ajude anal\u00fc\u00fcsimisel halbade tingimuste t\u00f5ttu, suutsid nad uurida ja koguda teavet, et hiljem pakkuda v\u00e4lja m\u00f5ned v\u00f5imalikud mikroobide vallandajad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Need vallandajad on kaitsemehhanismid m\u00f5nede inimeste herpesviiruste, nagu herpesviirus 1, 6A ja 7, ning kolme bakteri vastu, Klam\u00fc\u00fcdia kopsup\u00f5letik<\/em>, Borrelia burgdorferi<\/em>, Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teooria kohaselt on beeta-am\u00fcloidil algselt kaitsev funktsioon, mis p\u00fc\u00fcab kinni aju suunas liikuvaid mikroobe, peatades v\u00f5imaliku infektsiooni v\u00f5i haiguse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nagu mainitud, kaotab aju vananemisega seotud tegurite t\u00f5ttu v\u00f5ime am\u00fcloidide t\u00f5husaks puhastamiseks. Seega v\u00f5ib idee am\u00fcloidi funktsioonist olla kogu aeg vale; see on t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt seotud teatud t\u00fc\u00fcpi antimikroobse kaitsega aju sissetungijate vastu, olles klassifitseeritud antimikroobse peptiidina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teadlased on saanud positiivseid tulemusi, p\u00fc\u00fcdes n\u00e4idata, et \u03b2-am\u00fcloid v\u00f5ib tappa mikroorganisme, mis p\u00e4rinevad m\u00f5nest levinud haigusest. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lisaks sellele testitakse teises uuringus, mis algas 2007. aastal ja peaks l\u00f5ppema 2022. aastal New Yorgi Columbia \u00dclikoolis, viirusevastast ravimit patsientidel, kellel on h<\/s>erpes simplex viirus 1 ja kerge Alzheimeri t\u00f5bi, et n\u00e4ha, kas ravim v\u00f5ib aeglustada haiguse progresseerumist. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praegu saame vaid loota parimat ja oodata tulemusi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See uus teooriaettepanek ei ole veel kogu teadusringkondade poolt heaks kiidetud. Paljud teadlased v\u00e4idavad, et isegi kui see uus teooria on t\u00f5estatud, on haiguse peamiseks p\u00f5hjuseks ikkagi geneetilised tegurid ja halvad mutatsioonid. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alzheimeri t\u00f5bi on ikka veel seisund, mille tegelike p\u00f5hjuste kohta on teaduslikult v\u00e4ga v\u00e4he teadmisi; ravi puudub ja raviv\u00f5imalusi on v\u00e4he. Kui see teooria osutub t\u00f5eks, v\u00f5ib see olla esimene samm paremate ravimeetodite suunas. Ait\u00e4h teadusele!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viited<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABBOTT, A. Kas infektsioonid k\u00fclvavad m\u00f5nda Alzheimeri t\u00f5ve juhtumit? Loodus<\/strong>, v. 587, nr. 7832, lk. 22-25, 4. nov. 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CEC\u00cd, K. et al. Biomarkers in Alzheimer disease. Geriaatria, gerontoloogia ja vananemine<\/strong>, v. 6, nr. 3, lk. 273-282, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MAKIN, S. Am\u00fcloidi h\u00fcpotees kohtuprotsessil. Loodus<\/strong>, v. 559, nr. 7715, lk. S4-S7, 25. juuli 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YOO, K.-Y.; PARK, S.-Y. Terpenoidid kui potentsiaalsed Alzheimeri t\u00f5ve ravimid. Molekulid<\/strong>, v. 17, nr. 3, lk. 3524-3538, m\u00e4rts. 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___
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Enam kui pooled dementsuse juhtudest liigitatakse t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval Alzheimeri t\u00f5veks - krooniliseks neurodegeneratiivseks haiguseks, mis m\u00f5jutab j\u00e4rk-j\u00e4rgult inimese kognitiivseid v\u00f5imeid ja m\u00e4lu. Kuni t\u00e4naseni arvati, et seda p\u00f5hjustavad geneetilised ja vananemisega seotud tegurid, haiguse kurjategijateks ja peamisteks s\u00fc\u00fcdlasteks peetakse [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12125,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[213,554,964,136],"yoast_head":"\nNew Theory Tries to Explain The Cause of Alzheimer\u2019s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog that discusses a new theory that tries to explain the cause of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. 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