{"id":12100,"date":"2020-12-30T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-30T11:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12100"},"modified":"2023-01-05T15:13:37","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T18:13:37","slug":"nerve-impulse-the-synapse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/et\/narviimpulss-sunapsi\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e4rviimpulss 2. OSA - s\u00fcnapis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kogu n\u00e4rvis\u00fcsteem p\u00f5hineb tegevuspotentsiaalid <\/strong>ja s\u00fcnapsid<\/strong> teabe edastamiseks kogu kehas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neuronid on rakud, mis on spetsialiseerunud elektriliste v\u00f5i keemiliste signaalide edastamisele teisele neuronile, j\u00e4rgides t\u00e4pselt m\u00e4\u00e4ratletud teed, mis j\u00f5uab sihtrakuni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

See artikkel on teine osa kahest, milles k\u00e4sitletakse seda, kuidas see h\u00e4mmastav ja keeruline s\u00fcsteem suudab juhtida peaaegu k\u00f5ike meie kehas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fc\u00fcd r\u00e4\u00e4gime s\u00fcnapsi l\u00f5hest - kahe neuroni vahelisest ruumist, mis on teine piirkond, mis vastutab ka n\u00e4rviimpulsi edasikandmise eest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nimi <\/em>s\u00fcnaps<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>p\u00e4rineb kreeka keelest s\u00fcnapsis<\/em>mis t\u00e4hendab, et \"\u00fchendus\"<\/em><\/strong>. Teadlastel l\u00e4bi ajaloo oli raskusi leida termin, mis v\u00f5iks seletada \"<\/em>kahe eraldi elemendi liitmine<\/em><\/strong>\"<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f5ned vanad artiklid v\u00e4ljaanded viitasid s\u00fcnapsile ka kui ristmikud<\/em><\/strong>. T\u00e4na on s\u00fcnaps<\/em><\/strong> on nimetus, mida kasutatakse ja mis antakse struktuurile, mis vastutab signaali tagasisaatmise eest teisele neuronile s\u00fcnapsi l\u00f5he juures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kogu s\u00fcnapsi tegevus toimub s\u00fcnaptilises klapis, mis on v\u00e4ike koht kahe erineva raku vahel \u00fcksteise k\u00f5rval. s\u00fcnapsi-eelne<\/strong> raku ja pos-s\u00fcnaptiline rakk. <\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enamasti on kaks neuronit \u00fchendatud \u00fche neuroni - eel-s\u00fcnaptilise neuroni, signaali edasiandva neuroni - aksoni otsa kaudu j\u00e4rgmise neuroni - pos-s\u00fcnaptilise neuroni - dendriidi kaudu, mis v\u00f5ib olla kas sihtrakk v\u00f5i j\u00e4rgmine neuron, mis hakkab signaali edasi kandma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rakkudevahelises ruumis - s\u00fcnapsi l\u00f5he - toimub korraga tohutu hulk informatsiooni, nende infokandjate vabanemise ja tootmise kontrollimise eest vastutab suur molekulaarne masinav\u00e4rk, neid molekule nimetatakse neurotransmitteriteks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuid neuronid ei tee kogu t\u00f6\u00f6d \u00fcksi, vaid nende k\u00f5rval on teatud t\u00fc\u00fcpi rakk, mille \u00fclesanne on toetada neurotransmitterite regulatsiooni. Need rakud on astrots\u00fc\u00fcdid<\/strong>; nad on gliarakkude liik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glias<\/strong> liigitatakse mitte-neuronaalsete rakkude hulka - nad ei kanna edasi ega tooda mingeid n\u00e4rviimpulsse ega -signaale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nendel rakkudel on palju kohustusi, mis on k\u00f5ik seotud neuronite vajadustega, nagu 24\/7 assistent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neid leidub kogu kesk- ja perifeerses n\u00e4rvis\u00fcsteemis. \u00dcldiselt toetavad, kaitsevad ja toidavad neuroneid toitainetega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nagu \u00f6eldud, on neuronid spetsialiseerunud rakud, mis vastutavad elektriliste v\u00f5i keemiliste signaalide edastamise eest. Igal neist signaalidest on oma meetod signaali edastamiseks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keemilises s\u00fcnapsis osalev eel-s\u00fcnaptiline neuron on v\u00f5imeline edastama teavet mitte ainult neuronitele, vaid ka lihastele ja n\u00e4\u00e4rmetele, mis toimub kogu neuronit m\u00f6\u00f6da l\u00e4biva aktsioonipotentsiaali kaudu, mis j\u00f5uab aksoni terminalini ja annab seej\u00e4rel signaali edasi pingekontrollitud kaltsiumikanalitele. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depolarisatsioon muudab need kanalid aktiivseks, avades kaltsiumi (Ca+2) neuroni sisemusse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaltsiumi sissevool rakku annab signaali s\u00fcnaptilisele vesiklile, mis seej\u00e4rel vabastab neurotransmitterid s\u00fcnaptilisse pilusse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kui need neurotransmitterid on sattunud s\u00fcnaptilisse l\u00f5hede, suunduvad need positiivs\u00fcnaptilise neuroni neurotransmitteriretseptorite suunas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seega j\u00e4tkub n\u00e4rviimpulss, kordub protsess dendriitides, seej\u00e4rel tuumas, l\u00e4heb aksonisse, kus j\u00e4tkub aktsioonipotentsiaal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kui n\u00e4rviimpulss j\u00f5uab sihtrakku, v\u00f5ib pos-s\u00fcnaptilises neuronis tekkida kahte liiki vastuseid - kas erutav v\u00f5i p\u00e4rssiv vastus.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Teine, elektriline s\u00fcnaps, toimub keemilise s\u00fcnapsiga v\u00f5rreldes palju kiiremini, sest see koosneb v\u00e4hematest signaali\u00fclekande etappidest. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elektrivool edastatakse kanalite kaudu, mida nimetatakse vahe\u00fchendused<\/strong>, mis on olemas m\u00f5lemas rakus, \u00fchendades pre-s\u00fcnaptilised ja pos-s\u00fcnaptilised neuronid.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Need kanalid on v\u00f5imelised edastama elektrivoolu ilma neurotransmitterite osaluseta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huvitav on see, et s\u00fcnapsiprotsess ei pea tingimata iga kord \u00fchendama samu neuroni osi, nagu n\u00e4iteks aksoni terminal ja dendriidid. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4rviimpulsside edastamiseks on rohkem korraldusi kui see. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre-s\u00fcnaptilistest rakkudest l\u00e4htuvad aksoniterminalid v\u00f5ivad olla \u00fchendatud otse vereringesse, neuroni aksonisse v\u00f5i isegi teise aksoniterminaliga. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nad v\u00f5ivad olla \u00fchendatud ka neuroni dendriitide selgrooga v\u00f5i isegi mitte\u00fchendusega neurotransmitterite vabastamiseks rakuv\u00e4ljas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f5ltuvalt edastatava teabe t\u00fc\u00fcbist peab vabanema teatud t\u00fc\u00fcpi neurotransmitter, mis v\u00f5ib kuuluda glutamatergiliste, GABAergiliste, kolinergiliste, adrenergiliste ja erutava v\u00f5i p\u00e4rssiva toimega neurotransmitterite r\u00fchma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neurotransmitterite reguleerimine on meie keha v\u00e4ga tundlik s\u00fcsteem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paljude teadlaste l\u00e4biviidud uuringud n\u00e4itasid, et \u00fcks h\u00e4iritud neurotransmitter v\u00f5ib m\u00f5jutada mitte \u00fchte, vaid paljusid tegevusi ajus, nagu meeleolu, huumor, uni, s\u00f6\u00f6giisu, kehatemperatuuri, hirmu, lisaks vaimuhaigustele. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4iteks Parkinsoni t\u00f5bi ja skisofreenia on t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval tuntud kui haigused, millel ei ole ravi, mis on seotud neurotransmitteri dopamiini talitlush\u00e4irega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcldiselt on n\u00e4rviimpulss see, mis vastutab kogu teabe edastamise ja edasiandmise eest kogu kehas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e4ike probleem v\u00f5i d\u00fcsregulatsioon v\u00f5ib p\u00f5hjustada suuri tagaj\u00e4rgi ja haigusi. Teadlased j\u00f5uavad ikka veel vastusteni, et seda keerulist v\u00f5rgustikku t\u00e4ielikult m\u00f5ista.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

____<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas sulle meeldis selles artiklis olev infograafika? V\u00f5ite seda ka oma t\u00f6\u00f6s kasutada, kliki siia<\/a> ja n\u00e4ete k\u00f5iki Mind the Graph kasutajatele k\u00e4ttesaadavaid malle. Te ei pea alustama nullist. V\u00f5i v\u00f5ite alustada loomisega kohe<\/a>, kasutades meie neuroloogia<\/a> galerii ja rohkem<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kogu n\u00e4rvis\u00fcsteem p\u00f5hineb tegevuspotentsiaalidel ja s\u00fcnapsidel, et edastada teavet kogu kehas. Neuronid on rakud, mis on spetsialiseerunud elektriliste v\u00f5i keemiliste signaalide edastamisele teisele neuronile, j\u00e4rgides t\u00e4pselt m\u00e4\u00e4ratletud rada, mis j\u00f5uab sihtrakuni. See artikkel on teine osa kahest, mis arutavad, kuidas see h\u00e4mmastav ja keeruline s\u00fcsteem [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12102,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[812],"yoast_head":"\nNerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse. Read this blog to know more about how nerve impulses take place. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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